数学常用英文词汇

【转】常用的数学英语表述

先谢郭嘉

再谢一兮学长分享

1.Logic

?there exist

?for all

p?q p implies q / if p, then q

p?q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2.Sets

x∈A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A

x?A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A A?B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B

A?B A contains B / B is a subset of A

A∩B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B

A∪B A cup B / A join B / A union B

A\B A minus B / the diference between A and B

A×B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B

3. Real numbers

x+1 x plus one

x-1 x minus one

x±1 x plus or minus one

xy xy / x multiplied by y

(x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y

x y x over y

= the equals sign

x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5

x≠5 x (is) not equal to 5

x≡y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y

x ≡y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y

x > y x is greater than y

x?y x is greater than or equal to y

x < y x is less than y

x?y x is less than or equal to y

0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1

0?x?1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1

| x | mod x / modulus x

x 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2

x 3 x cubed

x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four

x n x to the nth / x to the power n

x ?n x to the (power) minus n

x (square) root x / the square root of x

x 3 cube root (of) x

x 4 fourth root (of) x

x n nth root (of) x

( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared

( x y ) 2 x over y all squared

n! n factorial

x ^ x hat

x ˉx bar

x ?x tilde

x i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i

∑i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4. Linear algebra

‖x ‖the norm (or modulus) of x

OA →OA / vector OA

OA ˉOA / the length of the segment OA

A T A transpose / the transpose of A

A ?1 A inverse / the inverse of A

5. Functions

f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x

f:S→T a function f from S to T

x→y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y

f'( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x

f''( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to x

f'''( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to x

f (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x

?f ?x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

?2 f ?x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

∫0 ∞the integral from zero to infinity

lim?x→0 the limit as x approaches zero

lim?x→0 + the limit as x approaches zero from above

lim?x→0 ?the limit as x approaches zero from below

log e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

ln?y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

一般词汇

数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)

公理axiom

定理theorem

计算calculation

运算operation

证明prove

假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)

命题proposition

算术arithmetic

加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)

被加数augend, summand

加数addend

和sum

减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend

减数subtrahend

差remainder

乘

times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)

被乘数multiplicand, faciend

乘数multiplicator

积product

除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数dividend

除数divisor

商quotient

等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于is greater than

小于is lesser than

大于等于is equal or greater than

小于等于is equal or lesser than

运算符operator

数字digit

数number

自然数natural number

整数integer

小数decimal

小数点decimal point

分数fraction

分子numerator

分母denominator

比ratio

正positive

负negative

零null, zero, nought, nil

十进制decimal system

二进制binary system

十六进制hexadecimal system

权weight, significance

进位carry

截尾truncation

四舍五入round

下舍入round down

上舍入round up

有效数字significant digit

无效数字insignificant digit

代数algebra

公式formula, formulae(pl.)

单项式monomial

多项式polynomial, multinomial

系数coefficient

未知数unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation

一次方程simple equation

二次方程quadratic equation

三次方程cubic equation

四次方程quartic equation

不等式inequation

阶乘factorial

对数logarithm

指数，幂exponent

乘方power

二次方，平方square

三次方，立方cube

四次方the power of four, the fourth power n次方the power of n, the nth power

开方evolution, extraction

二次方根，平方根square root

三次方根，立方根cube root

四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n次方根the root of n, the nth root

集合aggregate

元素element

空集void

子集subset

交集intersection

并集union

补集complement

映射mapping

函数function

定义域domain, field of definition

值域range

常量constant

变量variable

单调性monotonicity

奇偶性parity

周期性periodicity

图象image

数列，级数series

微积分calculus

微分differential

导数derivative

极限limit

无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.) 无穷小infinitesimal

积分integral

定积分definite integral

不定积分indefinite integral 有理数rational number

无理数irrational number

实数real number

虚数imaginary number

复数complex number

矩阵matrix

行列式determinant

几何geometry

点point

线line

面plane

体solid

线段segment

射线radial

平行parallel

相交intersect

角angle

角度degree

弧度radian

锐角acute angle

直角right angle

钝角obtuse angle

平角straight angle

周角perigon

底base

边side

高height

三角形triangle

锐角三角形acute triangle

直角三角形right triangle

直角边leg

斜边hypotenuse

勾股定理Pythagorean theorem

钝角三角形obtuse triangle

不等边三角形scalene triangle

等腰三角形isosceles triangle

等边三角形equilateral triangle

四边形quadrilateral

平行四边形parallelogram

矩形rectangle

长length

宽width

附：

在一个分数里，分子或分母或两者均含有分数。也叫compound fraction.

具体读法没有统一。一般是先读分子部分，再读分母部分，中间加上divided by

例如：

One minus four fifth plus one third divided by two times two third plus one second

为表达清楚，往往在数字前面加上分子和分母，例如：

Numerator one minus four fifth plus one third divided by denominator two times two third plus one seco nd

分子1减5分之4加3分之1除以分母2乘以3分之2加2分之1