Unit 6 Being There 练习答案

Unit 6

Being There

Consolidation Activities

I. Text Comprehension

1. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose.

A. To give a brief account of the history of travel.

B. To present a picture of Americans traveling overseas.

C. To e xplain people’s unarticulated desires for travel.

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Key: [ C ]

2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.

1). Travel is a means to escape what we are tired of in the modern world. [ T ]

2). When we travel abroad, we tend to put on a mask so that nobody can recognize us. [ F ]

3). One of the pleasures during your travel is the fact that you can see things you are familiar with. [ F ]

4). According to the author, the various reasons for our travel are the sources for the survival of travel books. [ T ]

5). The classical ruins of antiquity enable some travelers to feel the ecstasy of spoliation. [ F ]

4. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.

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1) When we travel, we are not so much on the alert or less wary of what might happen to us, instead we show keen interest in what happened in the past. We release our desires that have long been suppressed.

2) When we travel, we normally move out to see the exotic world, but now the traveler himself becomes something exotic in the place he visits, and modern travel books may focus on what we have “eliminated or edited out”, just as traditional travel books focus on what is still there.

II. Writing Strategies

Structurally, the essay develops along the thread that begins with an examination of conventional motivations for traveling, then moves on to a discussion of travel writings that offer useful insights into travelers’ psychology, and ends with a description of an unusual approach some

contemporary travelers adopt. Now try to find the cohesive devices the author employs to connect these three sections.

Paragraph 12 serves as a transition from the examination of travelers’ motivations to a discussion of travel books. The first sentence “Because w e travel for so many reasons —some of them contradictory —travel writing is like a suitcase into which the writer tries to cram everything” establishes a cohesive tie between this and the preceding paragraph.

Paragraph 15 indicates the author’s move to t he next topic. Cohesion is realized by the last sentence, “He underestimated the variousness of our reasons for traveling,” which nicely connects with what the reader will immediately come across in the subsequent paragraph: “There have always been travelers who went to look for the worst ... ”

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III. Language Work

1. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.

1). We’re going to see in Europe everything we have eliminated or edited out of our own culture in the name of convenience ...

have removed from; for the sake of

2). ... the lack of money and leisure had all restrained curiosity until the seventeenth century, when under pressure of scientific discoveries, the physical world began to gape open.

inhibited; open widely

3). The frenzied shopping of some travelers is an attempt to buy a new life.

spending sprees/wild shopping

4). The places we visit are gold-plated by the sun.

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beautified

5). We cling to the belief that other peoples are more passionate than we are.

cherish/adhere to

6). There have always been travelers who went to look for the worst, to find rationalizations for their anxiety or despair ...

find reasons or excuses for

7). Why else would Paul Theroux go to South America, which he so obviously detested

For what other reason; disliked

8). Shiva Naipaul’s worst fears were confirmed in Africa ...

proved to be well-grounded

9). Graham Greene spent four months traveling in the Liberian jungle as a private penance.

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way to punish himself for the wrong things he had done

10). Perhaps in the future we shall have to travel like James Holman, who, after being invalided out of the British navy because he had gone blind, set out in 1819 to see the world

leaving the British navy because he was an invalid; started traveling

2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1). In the film, he is able to depict the sense of otherness (other) and alienation that many teenagers feel.

2). The sophistication (sophisticate) of computers is increasing as their size decreases.

3). Don’t be so impulsive (impulse) — think before you act.

4). The father-daughter relationship is a recurrent/recurring (recur) theme in her novels.

5). I keep getting contradictory (contradict) advice — some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.

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6). Talking about our past family reunions has made me feel quite nostalgic (nostalgia).

7). The group has always been characterized by an uncompromising militancy (militantly).

8). She has the distinction (distinct) of being one of the few people to have an honorary degree conferred on her by the university this year.

9). There is increasing disillusionment (disillusion) with the management of the company.

10). We are still awaiting confirmation (confirm) of the exact number of casualties.

3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

be opposed to | in search of | stand out | put aside

tempt | invalid | disengage from | cling to

edit out | give way to | crusade | last-ditch attempt

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1). In a last ditch-attempt to save his party from electoral defeat, he resigned from the leadership.

2). You’re tempting fate by riding your bike without wearing a bicycle helmet.

3). Let’s put our differences aside and make a fresh start.

4). In some areas, modern intensive farming is giving way to the re-introduction of traditional methods.

5). She was shot by a sniper when she went out in search of firewood.

6). Most of the violent scenes were edited out for television.

7). The number-one rule for being a good colleague is to disengage your emotions from the working relationship.

8). She is opposed to religious education in schools.

9). She clings to the hope that her husband will come back to her.

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10). We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one stood out from the rest.

11). She crusaded against sex and violence on television.

12). She was invalided out of the service because of injuries she received in a fire.

4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.

1). In old movies, the police shouted “Open up in the name of the law” before they broke the door down.

by the right of

2). When the post fell vacant, Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it.

became available

3). The party leader is said to be concerned about the slippage in the recent opinion polls.

—

decline (of popularity)

4). Her voice heavy with irony, Simone said, “We’re so pleased you were able to stay so long.”

Sounding highly ironical

5). As she was waiting to go into the examination room, he squeezed her hand and wished her good luck.

pressed her hand affectionately

6). Yields on gas and electricity shares are consistently high.

Profits

7). It’s plain reporting of the facts —there’s not much editorial content.

opinion of the editors

8). We must get to the root of this problem

—

find out the cause of

9). She dresses very provocatively.

seductively

10). She started laughing hysterically.

wildly/without control

5. Correct the errors in the following passage. The passage contains ten errors, one in each indicated line. In each case, only one word is involved.

Corrections should be done as follows:

Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct word in the blank.

Extra word: delete t he extra word with an “×.”

—

Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” and write the missing word in the blank.

6. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.

Why We Travel

We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, (1) next, to find ourselves. We travel to (2) open our hearts and eyes and learn more about the world than our newspapers will accommodate. We travel to bring what little we can, in our ignorance and knowledge, to those parts of the globe whose riches are differently dispersed. And we travel, in (3) essence, to become young fools again — to (4) slow time down and get taken (5) in, and fall in love once more. The beauty of this whole process was best described, perhaps, before people even took (6) to frequent flying, by George Santayana in his lapidary essay, “The Philosophy of Travel.” We “need sometimes,” the Harvard philosopher wrote, “to (7) escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, (8) into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to (9) sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what.”

I like that stress on (10) work, since never more than on the road are we shown how proportional our blessings are to the (11) difficulty that precedes them; and I like the (12) stress on a holiday that’s “moral” since we fall into our ethical habits as (13) easily as into our beds at night. Few of us ever forget the connection between “travel” and “travail,” and I know that I travel in large part in search of (14) hardship —both my own, which I want to feel, and others’, which I need to see. Travel in that sense guides us toward a better (15) balance of wisdom and compassion — of seeing the world clearly, and yet feeling it truly. For (16) seeing without feeling can obviously be uncaring; while (17) feeling without seeing can be blind.

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Yet for me the first great joy of traveling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs and certainties at (18) home, and seeing everything I thought I knew in a (19) different light, and from a crooked (20) angle. In that regard, even a Kentucky Fried Chicken outlet in Beijing can be both novelty and revelation: In China, after all, people will pay a whole week’s wages to eat with Colonel Sanders.

IV. Translation

1. Translate the following sentences into English.

1). 这么多年过去了，现在他仍然抱着她会被他的爱所感动并嫁给他的希望。(cling to)

After so many years he is still clinging to the hope that she will be moved by his love and marry him.

2). 为了友谊，他选择对约翰的严重错误保持沉默。(in the name of)

He chose to remain silent about John’s serious mistake in the name of friendship.

3). 他感觉自己在所有那些聪明人中间像个冒牌货——似乎他根本没资格在那儿。(impostor)、

He felt like an impostor among all those intelligent people, as if he had no right to be there. 4). 她因滑稽、粗俗和大胆成了美国最出名的电视名人之一。(profane)

Funny, profane and fearless, she has become one of the America’s biggest television

celebrities.

5). 一群好奇的旁观者很快聚拢过来看发生了什么事。(onlooker)

A crowd of curious onlookers soon gathered to see what was happening.

6). 再次听到那支曲子使他内心充满了怀旧之情。(nostalgia)

Hearing that tune again filled him with nostalgia.

7). 我讨厌不得不在天还没亮时起床。(detest)

I detest having to get up when it’s still dark outside.

8). 地方政府的这项新政策引起了环保组织的强烈抗议。(provoke)

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The new policy of the local government provoked a storm of protest from the environmental protection organizations.

9). 这本书中有好几个优美的描写片段。(sublime)

The book contains sublime descriptive passages.

10). 我察觉到他对安排不大满意，于是预订了另一家旅馆。(perceive)

Perceiving that he wasn’t happy with the arrangements, I booked a different hotel.

2. Translate the following passage into English.

世界上有几百万人依靠国家地理学会（the National Geographic Society）获取信息。每年都有数以千计的游客参观位于哥伦比亚特区华盛顿市中心的该学会探险者展厅（Explorers Hall）。这个博物馆里的展品和现代技术帮助他们了解地球及其环境。

国家地理学会出版在世界上广受欢迎的地图、书籍和杂志；制作电影和电视片；为学校制作计算机程序和录像。学会的研究与探索委员会（Committee for Research and Exploration）为研究从考古学到动物学的课题的科学家提供资金。

国家地理学会支持地理学的教学。地理学是研究地球的学问。学会帮助培养地理学教师。学会在它的因特网网站上向计算机用户提供有关研究人员和探险家的活动的最新信息。

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参考译文

Millions of people around the world depend on the National Geographic Society for information. Each year, thousands of v isitors tour the society’s Explorers Hall in central Washington, D.C. Exhibits and modern technology in this museum help them learn about the Earth and its environment.

The National Geographic Society publishes maps, books, and magazines that are popular around the world. It also produces films and television shows. And it makes computer programs and videos for schools. The society’s Committee for Research and Exploration gives money to scientists working in subjects from archaeology to zoology.

The National Geographic Society supports the teaching of geography —the study of the Earth. It helps train teachers in geography. It offers computer users the latest information about

the activities of researchers and explorers on its Internet website.

V. Oral Activities

1.Giving A Talk

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Nowadays, traveling is one of the most popular activities both at home and abroad, absorbing much time, money and energy. In “Being There,” the author points out that people travel for various reasons: looking for consummation, finding rationalizations for their anxiety or despair, seeking exotic phenomena or just to get away. As for you, what do you think is the main reason for people’s fondness of traveling Can they really be satisfied eventually and why

(For reference)

Some people travel to escape. They want to escape from their boring daily life, the tiring job, from pressure in all its aspects. Sometimes, they even travel to avoid facing a certain matter or a certain person. These people can hardly be satisfied in the end, although they may achieve a temporary relaxation during the trip, for it is impossible to settle a problem by escaping. Once they come back from traveling, they will still have to face the problems.

Some people travel for inspiration. People traveling with this purpose, generally speaking, are artists, writers or from some other occupations with a need of creation. They travel to get a better understanding of the laws of nature, of human beings as well as of society. A novelist, for example, who wants to write a story about farmers, will want to learn more about country life. And he even wants to experience it for himself, if it is possible. For these people, I think, it is also hard to say whether they will be satisfied at last, for inspiration is unpredictable.

Nevertheless, despite all the uncertainties, people’s enthusiasm for traveling never seems to wane.

2. Having A Discussion

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Some people believe that traveling is the blood-sucking reptile of “monoculture.” Because of traveling, cultures are merging with each other, making it almost impossible for travelers to taste the real flavor of a foreign culture.

In Paragraph 15, Anatole Broyard argues against Evelyn Waugh’s idea that because of traveling and travel books, the world is turning in to a “monoculture” by saying that “He underestimated the variousness of our reasons for traveling.” On the basis of your understanding, please hold a group discussion on whether traveling is turning the world into a “monoculture.”

(For reference)

Pros:

T here is no denying that tourist souvenirs sold at different scenic spots, may it be in Xi’an or Beijing, look almost the same, in spite of their different names and packages, and sometimes different stories about their origins.

And in Shanghai, you can find goods from almost every corner of China as well as many other countries.

Cities are becoming more and more alike, with skyscrapers, shining neon lights and busy traffic.

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Cons:

We travel to learn more about others rather than to imitate. Wh at’s more, what we can learn is usually something superficial and the real traditions and customs are not easy to be duplicated.

VI. Research Paper Writing

Creating an Outline

Creating an outline is a vital step in the writing process. An outline gives you the conceptual design of your paper; it is a logical pattern that organizes your ideas. It allows you to group ideas together, and arrange them from general to specific. It also helps you to visualize your essay and make sure that your ideas are relevant to your thesis, logically organized, and sufficiently developed.

Below are the steps necessary for writing an outline, arranged in the form of an outline.

I. Thesis Statement (Make sure it is clear.)

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A. Notice the purpose of your essay.

B. Take into account the audience.

II. Order

A. An outline uses major and minor headings, therefore you need to organize ideas from

1. general to specific;

2. abstract to concrete.

B. This clear order will

1. show the logical flow of your essay;

2. show the relationship between the various parts and arguments.

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III. Divide

A. When you divide your ideas you are showing their rank in relation to the whole.

1. The fist Roman numeral refers to the first paragraph. Include the ideas you will discuss in the introduction and perhaps also your thesis.

2. The second Roman numeral refers to the topic sentence of the first body paragraph or your background paragraph, and so on.

a. Within each Roman numeral you may have two or three ideas or arguments, which you should label as A, B, C, etc.

b. Within these subdivisions you may have relevant examples and supporting claims, which you can label as 1, 2, 3, et

c.

B. To divide you always need two parts, therefore you can’t have an A without a B, or a 1 without a 2.

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IV. Form

A. Subdivisions of each higher division should always have the same relationship to the whole.

B. The most important rule for outlining the form is to be consistent!

1. An outline can use a topic structure

a. Use words or phrases for all entries and use no punctuation after entries.

b. It presents a brief overview of the work and it is easier and faster to write than a sentence outline.

2. An outline can also have a sentence structure.

a. A sentence outline uses complete sentences for all entries and uses correct punctuation. &

b. It presents a more detailed overview of the work including possible topic sentences, making it faster and easier to write the final paper.

C. An outline can use Roman numerals/letters or the decimal form.

1. Roman Numeral

I.

A.

1.

a.

2. Decimal

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Further Enchantment

Text II

CULTURAL HABITS

Richard Brennan

Text Comprehension

1. Answer the following multiple-choice questions:

…

1). How did we adopt our personal habits

A. By imitating other people’s habits and developing them in tough situations.

B. We adopted them when trying to cope with unfavorable conditions in our environment.

C. By learning from our angry parents.

D. By learning from our cultural habits.

Key : [ A ]

2). Which word can be used to describe the author’s feeling when he heard the store-keeper say “Back off!” to the queue-jumping man

A. Frightened.

B. Indifferent.

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C. Favorable.

D. Surprised.

Key: [ D ]

3). According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true

A.We are always aware of the cultural habits.

B.Americans always speak loudly in public.

C.Swedish people will not start a conversation while waiting for a bus.

D.Japanese people behave like Italians or natives of the Caribbean.

Key: [ B ]

4). Why do people feel liberated while traveling, according to the author

A.Because they are far away from their country.

B.Because they can see other cultural habits.

C.Because they can relax themselves.

D.Because they can get away from daily routines around them.

Key: [ B ]

5. What does the author mean by saying “Due to the contrasts in the places I visited my journey became, at times, a very surreal experience”

A.The places he visited were not real.

B.The places he visited were so fascinating that they made him feel that he was in a

wonderland.

C.The places he visited were greatly different from each other, making him feel as if they were

not in the same world.

D.The places he visited were so strange that sometimes he couldn’t believe his own eyes.

Key : [ C ]

2. Questions for Discussion

1). How are cultural habits formed

Besides personal habits, we also adopt many habits of speech, behaviour and movement simply because we live in a certain country or society. We call these habits “cultural habits.”

2). Why do people feel liberated when traveling

This is because we find it easier to recognize our own habits when we are traveling. In other words, our faculty of perception is “liberated” when we are away from our own country.

3). Why does the author say that his five-month round-the-world trip became, at times, a very surreal experience

It was the sharp contrast between the places he visited that made the author feel that his journey was a kind of surreal experience.

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