名词复数的规则变化

名词复数的规则变化
名词复数的规则变化

名词复数的规则变化

1.一般情况下,直接加-s.清辅音后读/s/浊辅音和元音后读/z/ ,如:bag-bags /car-cars, map-maps ,book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es, 读/iz/,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es, 读/z/,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5.不规则名词复数:

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

child-children

foot-feet,. tooth-teeth, mouse--mice

fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

名词复数的不规则变化

1)child——children foot——feet tooth——teeth

mouse——mice man——men woman——women

注意:由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;

2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters.

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:

people police cattle 等本身就是复数,可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers等。

6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters 水域,fishes(各种)鱼。

Pronoun

代词(pron)是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、疑问代词、和不定代词八种。

一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、

"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:

数单数复数

格主格宾格主格宾格

第一人称I me we us

第二人称you you you you

He him they them

第三人称she her they them

It it they them

如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。

It’s me. 是我。

二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表。

单数复数

人称第一第二第三第一第二第三

形容词性my your his/her its our your/their

名词性mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs

如:I like his car.

我喜欢他的小汽车。

Our school is here,and theirs is there.

我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。

三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。

如:That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。

四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为"反身代词"。

如:She is talking to herself. 她自言自语。

五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。

六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody,something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如:

---Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?

---Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆。

---I don’t know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识。

七、疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)如:Who is he? 告诉我他是谁。

代词的用法

几类代词的相应形式:

人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性

人称代词的用法:

1,主格作主语或表语:

She and Tom are good friends.

It's she who wants it.

2. 宾格作及物动词和介词的宾语,还可作表语.

Aunt Li took care of us.

Who is knocking at the door? It's me.

物主代词的用法:

形容词性物主代词只能做定语,修饰名词,相当于形容词.

My mother is a nurse in a hospital.

Their teacher is coming here.

名词性物主代词可以做主语,宾语和表语,相当于名词.

This is my pen, yours is lost.(yours=your pen)

The best composition is hers. (hers= her composition)

I can't find my ruler, I have to use hers. (hers = her ruler)

反身代词的用法:

反身代词表示主语发生的动作落在主语自己身上,或用来加强名词或代词的语气.

常与以下动词连用:

hurt, dress, enjoy, say to, talk to, teach, wash, help

还可以与介词连用:by oneself [自己(不需要别人帮忙)] for oneself (替自己,为自己)

to oneself(供自己用)

不定代词及用法:

(一)可分为普通不定代词,个体不定代词和数量不定代词:

通不定代词:some, somebody, nobody, anybody, someone, anyone, something, anything, nothing

个体不定代词:all, every, each, other, another, both, everybody, everyone, everything

数量不定代词:many, much, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, lots of

(二) 普通不定代词的用法(部分):

some一般用于肯定句, 当预期对方作肯定回答时也用于疑问句:

Could you please give me some information about ir

还用于表示要求和提供某物的句子:

Would you like some tea ?

2. any 的用法:

(1)用于否定句及含有否定意义词(的句子中:

I don’t have any time.

(2)用于疑问句中中:

Do you see any birds in the tree?

数词

数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

一、基数词

1)基数词写法和读法:345three hundred and forty-five;

2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:

a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人;

b.在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;

如:They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。

c. 在运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.

3)基数词有以下几点需要注意的:

两位数的写法:

41- forty-one 74-seventy-four

三位数的写法, 用百位数+hundred+and+后面的一位数或者两位数

201- two hundred and one 556-five hundred and fifty-six

hundred , thousand , million 前面若有具体数字, 要用单数形式, 但如果它们后面有of , 则要用复数形式, 如thousands of books

二、序数词

序数词的构成

不规则变化

one- first two-second three-third five-fifth eight-eighth

twelve- twelfth nine-ninth

(3)序数词的缩写形式:first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st

三、用法

分数表示法

构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:1/3 one-third ;3/7 three sevenths.

Homework 8 Number

1 There are ___ days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five

B. three hundreds and sixty-five

C. three hundred and sixty-five

D. three hundred and sixty five

2 There are____ students in this school.

A. eight hundreds and forty-six

B. eight hundred and forty six

C. eight hundred and forty-six

D. eight hundred forty-six

3. .______people visit this museum every day.

A. Hundred

B. Hundreds

C. Hundred of

D. Hundreds of

4 There are two___ people in the meeting room.

A. hundred

B. hundreds

C. hundreds of

D. hundred of

5 .Look! There are ___ in the sky.

A. thousand stars

B. thousand of stars

C. thousands of stars

D. thousands of star

6. My brother is in____.

A. Three Class, One Grade C. Grade One, Class Three

B. Class Three, Grade One D. class three, grade one

7 We are going to learn___ this term.

A. book six

B. six book

C. the book six

D. Book Six

8 Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud.

A. Page Two .

B. the page two

C. second page

D. page second

9 We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____.

seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five

seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five

C seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five

D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five

10 "The year 1999" should be read "The year____".

A. nineteen and ninety-nine

B. nineteen ninety-nine

C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine

D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine

11 He will come here ____ tomorrow morning.

A. at fifth

B. at ten

C. on two

D. till tenth

12 Every day he begins to do his homework ___.

A. at ten past seven

B. at seven pass ten

C. on ten past seventh

D. until ten

13 He was doing some washing ____.

A. at eight yesterday morning

B. yesterday morning eight

C. yesterday morning at eight

D. by eight yesterday morning

14 She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad.

A. at

B. on

C. of D: in

15 There are____ months in a year. December is the____ month of the year.

A. twelve; twelve

B. twelve; twelfth

C. twelfth; twelve

D. twelve; twelveth

16 During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.

A. twenty

B. the twentieth

C. twentieth

D. the twenty

17 Sunday is the____ day of the week.

A. seventh

B. first

C. second

D. third

18 Autumn is ________ season in a year.

A. the fourth

B. the third

C. a third

D. the threeth

19 Tom was to get to school and I was ______.

A. first; ninth B . the first; the ninth

C a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth

20 -What's the date today?

-Its___.

A. Friday

B. time to go

C. cloudy

D. June 4th

21 Jenny was born ________

A. on July 10, 1987

B. in July 10, 1987

C. in 1987, July 10

D. on 1987, July 10

22 Monday is the second day, and_______.

A. Tuesday is the fourth

B. Thursday is the fifth

C. the second is Tuesday

D. the second is Thursday

23 About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.

A. four-fifth

B. four-fifths

C. fourth-fifths

D. fourths-fifth

24 ___ of the students are girls in our class.

A. Two three

B. Two threes

C. Two thirds

D. Second three

25 ___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English.

A. Three quarters

B. Three quarter

C. Thirds four

D. Threes fourth

26 Tom is____ in the row.

A. a second

B. the second

C. two

D. second

(二)冠词:

一不定冠词不定冠词“a/an”是源自“one”,所以冠在单数的普通名词和集体名词之前表达“一(个)”或“任一(个)”的意思。普通名词或集体名词的首音为辅音时冠用“a”,若为元音时则冠用“an”。若是“a/an+ Adj. +N”则“a”或“an”的使用就依据Adj.的首音来决定。例如:

a book(一本书) a school(一所学校) a family(一个家庭)

a class(一个班级)an apple(一个苹果)an orange(一个橘子)

an army(一支军队)an audience(一群听众) a new car(一部新车)

不定冠词的用法

.不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

2) 代表一类人或物。

A knife is a tool for cutting with.

Mr. Smith is an engineer.

3) 词组或成语。

a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

具体运用:句型1 a/an(=one)+N(单数可数名词)

Do you see a bird in that tree? I eat an egg morning.

My brother bought a (new)car last week.

The car cost him nearly twenty thousand dollars. Ours is a big family.

解说本句式所指的“N”是可数的单数普通名词或集体名词,在对话或文句中都为第

一次提到,表达“one”的意思。若是再次提到时通常就使用“the”(如例C),不再使用“a/an”。

句型 2 a/an(=the same )+ N(表示类型的名词)

Birds of a feather flock together. These hats are of a size.

解说本句式在现代英语常直接使用“the same…”。例如:These hats are of the same size.

句型 3 a/an(=any, every)+N(单数普通名词)

A cat can see in the dark. A square has four sides.

解说本句式是在指同类形的全体,所以本句式也可以改用下列方式来表达。

Any /Every cat can see in the dark.(All)Cats can see in the dark. The cat can see in the dark.

现代英语以复数名词来表达较为普通,例如:Spiders have four pairs of legs.

本句式的“a/an”在中文通常都不译出来。

句型 4 a/an(=per , in each )+N(表达如价格、速度、次数等单数名词)

They sell sugar at 60 cents a pound.We were going 60 miles an hour then.

We have three meals a day. She writes home once a week.

解说本句式也常用“per”代替“a/an”。How do you sell your rice?

$38.00 per kilo. 市场单价标示的“($)…/…”可读a/an,也可读“per”,例如:

US $ 10.00/kg:10 U. S. dollars per kilo (gram).

HK $ 60.00/doz:60 HK dollars a/per dozen.

US $ 305/ounce:three hundred and five U.S. dollars per/an ounce (盎斯)

句型5a/an(=one like)+N(人)

He wishes to be an Einstein.

解说例句的“an Einstein”的意思是“one great scientist like Einstein”。

句型 6 a/an(=a certain)+ N(人名)

A Mrs. Smith came to pay you a visit you were away.

解说本句式是表达说话者对这一位“a+N(人名)”不认识或未曾谋面过的意思,有时也可以指“不确定”,例如:Do you know a Dr. Chen in your hospital ?

句型7 a/an(=one )+N(数、量)

a hundred/thousand/million half an hour/a half hour .

one and a half kilos /a kilo and a half

解说也可说“one hundred/thousand…”,但是用“a…”较为普通。

下列是表达数、量的常见惯用短语。

a lot of… a (great)number of …. a great many ….. many a +单数名词(many的强调形)

a great deal of 许多的(指量)

句型8a/an+N(动作名词)

Let's have a walk after dinner, for I want to have a talk with you.

She has a good knowledge of Chinese history.

解说本句式所示的动作名词以单音节常用动词转成的最为普通,例如:have/ take a look have a chat,have /take a bath,have a try ,have a taste,have a run,have /take a rest

二定冠词

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Take the medicine.把药吃了。

2)上文提到过的人或事:

He bought a house.I've been to the house.

他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

3)指世上独一物二的事物:

the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;

the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。

That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。

6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)

7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国

the United States美国

9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。

10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:

the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)

11) 用在惯用语中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain,in the distance,in the middle (of),in the end, on the whole, by the way,.

形容词和副词

一.形容词:

1. 形容词的定义和种类

1)、用以叙述名词或代词,使其表明数量、性质或状态的词叫作形容词。

There are many birds in the trees. (树林里有许多的鸟。——数量)

Your new teacher looks kind and gentle. (你的新老师看起来亲切而温柔。——性质)Happy birthday to you ! (祝你生日快乐!——状态)

2)、形容词的种类依照传统文法,形容词有下列三种:

A.代词性形容词(Pronominal Adjective)代词具有形容词的功能的,例如:

my, this, other, all , what , whose , ect.

B.数量形容词(Quantitative Adjective)表达数与量的形容词,例如:

many, million, few, much , little, no, ect.

C.性状形容词(Qualifying Adjective)表达性质或状态,亦即描述名词或代词的性质或状态,因此也叫作叙述形容词(Descriptive Adjective),例如:

good, kind, honest, tall , beautiful, hot ,ect.

2. 形容词的两种用法:

1)、限定用法(Attributive Use)

形容词置于名词(或代词)的前面或后面以修饰该名词或(代词)的叫作限定用法。

相关练习:

①三个高身材美丽的美国女孩

②一只小小的白色小狗

③一顶旧的运动鸭舌帽

④第一批两位中国科学家

⑤一栋新建二层砖造房屋

⑥他的新的跑车

2)叙述用法(Predicative Use)

形容词作主语补语以补述主语,或作宾语补语以补述宾语的叫作叙述用法。

(1)主语补语(Subjective Complement)

She is very social. (她很善于交际。)

You look pale and weak. What's the matter?(你看起来脸色苍白,而且虚弱的样子。怎么了?)She must have been quite pretty when she was young.(他年青时一定是一个大美人。)(2)宾语补语(Objective Complement)

例A:Tom has made his mother very happy. (汤姆使他的母亲很幸福。)

例B:Later they found him right. (后来他们发现他是对的。)

例C:Do you like your coffee strong or weak? (你喜欢浓的咖啡还是淡的?)

可数名词和不可数名词复数变化规则

可数名词和不可数名词复数变化规则 英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物,它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数,可以数出数量的事物;所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。 一、可数名词在它之前可以加上冠词a/an(以元音字母a,e,i,o,u开头的字母前冠词用an)。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接加冠词的。可数名词复数变化规律如下: a. 一般情况下,直接加 -s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和元音后读[z]。 b.以s,x,ch,sh结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。 c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, baby-babies 婴儿;读音:[z]。 以“元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:monkey-monkeys,toy-toys 读音:[s]。 d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives, leaf---leaves树叶;读音:[z]。e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况 1)有生命的加-es 读音:[z] 如:mango-mangoes,tomato-tomatoes ,hero-heroes 2) 无生命的加-s 读音:[z] 如:photo-photos,radio-radios f. 以ce,se,ze,de,ge结尾,加-s,如:exercise-exercises,读音:[z]。 g. 不规则名词:小老鼠爬灯台,偷油吃下不来。男人当警察,保护妇女跟儿童; 英国人的牙咬了法国人的脚;养了一头日本羊,送给了中国人; 养了一头鹿跟鹅,卖给了瑞士人。 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, goose---geese鹅,mouse(老鼠)-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, ox-oxen(公牛)h. 除此之外,还有一部分名词单复数同形,如: fish鱼,deer鹿,sheep绵羊,news 新闻,goods 商品,fish,people 人,human人类 i. 有一些名词则只有复数形式:trousers裤子,pants裤子,shorts短裤 glasses眼镜,compasses 圆规,scales天平,pliers钳子,clips剪子 j. “某国人”的复数有三种类型: (1)Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形,不需加s; (2)Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men; 注意:German的复数是Germans,它的man不是词根,而是由Germany演变过来的。(3)其他各国人以–an, -ian结尾的均直接加s。如:Americans, Australians, Indians等。 可依照这个口诀记忆:中日瑞士均不变,英法荷兰都要变,其他”s”加后面。

名词变复数变化规则

智博教育名词变复数变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ,pig-pigs ,pear-pears ,ruler-rulers,bag-bags,tree-trees 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes,fox-foxes brush-brushes, watch-watches,peach-peache,dress-dresses, dish-dishes. 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries body-bodies,cherry-cherries,特别强调boy复数boys ,toy复数toys(a,e,I,o,u原音字母加y结尾的单词直接加s.) 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如: knife-knives,wolf-wolves,wife-wives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, this-these, that-those, I-we, he,she,it-they foot-feet,.tooth-teeth ,goose-geese. fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 6.不可数名词不加s或es液体类和肉类; tea,offee,milk,soup,coke,juice,beer,water,rain,snow,beef,chicken,fish, mutton.(fish,people,sheep,Chinese,不变化). _

名词变复数规则变化.

名词变复数规则变化 1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags 等; 2.以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses, watch→watches 等; 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词,变y 为i 加es,如baby→babies 等;以元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s 变复数,如monkey→monkeys,holiday→holidays, storey→storeys 楼层(; 4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时:as 的名词有:加 photo→photos ,piano→pianos,radio→radios, zoo→zoos b加es 的名词 有:potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 5.以 f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a加s 的名词有: belief→beliefs roof→roofs safe→safes gulf→gulfs b去掉f,fe 加ves 的名词有:half→halves knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes box →boxes; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach(长途车→coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitress(女侍者→waitresses 三、以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词, 将y 改变为i,再加-es。读音变化:加读[z]。例:candy→candies; daisy(雏菊 →daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities 四、以-o 结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s 构成复数。(有生命的加es,无生命的加s读音变化:加读[z]。

名词变复数规则

一.名词变复数规则 1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags等; 2.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses,watch→watches等; 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i加es,如baby→babies等; 以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数,如monkey→monkeys,ho liday→holidays, 4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时:(1)没有生命的名词加s:如photo→ph otos ,piano→pianos, radio→radios,(2)有生命的名词加es:如potato→potatoes;tomato→tomatoes;hero—heroes 5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:变f或fe为v,再加es 如:leaf ; thief; wolf ; wife ; knife ; life 6.不规则的名词变复数, 如:man ; policeman; woman ; policewoman; child ; foot ; tooth ; mouse ; sheep ; deer ; fish ; Chinese; Japanese 二.动词变三人称单数 1.一般情况加–s 如:make ; stop ; help 2.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加–es 如:dress; pass ; wash ; teach ; watch ; teach ; fix 3.以辅音字母+y 变y 为i结尾的词再加es 如:study ; fly ; try ; carry 以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed 如:play ;stay ; enjoy ; 4.以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,如:go ; do 三.动词变现在分词(即-ing形式) 1. 一般情况,加-ing 如:go ; ask ; look ; watch 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e,再加-ing 如:write ; make ; take; practice ; 3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing 如:get ; sit ; run ; put ; begin ; swim ; stop ; plan ; shop 四.动词变过去式 1. 一般情况,加-ed 如:look ; play ; start ; listen 2. 以e结尾的动词,加-d 如:hope ; use ; live ; decide 3. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed 如:stop ; plan; shop 4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed 如:study ; carry ; worry ; try ;

最新名词单数变复数变化规则

名词单数变复数变化规则: 一.可数名词 1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags,book-books 等; 2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses,watch→watches, box-boxes 等; 3.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,去掉f,fe 加ves的名词有:half→halves knife →knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves 4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时: a)加s的名词有(无生命):photo→photos ,piano→pianos,radio→radios b)加es的名词有(有生命):potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes 5.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i加es,如baby→babies, family-families, study-studies等; 以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数,如monkey→monkeys,holiday→holidays,storey→storeys(楼层); 6. oo变ee的单词:foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth-teeth; 7. a变e的单词:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen; 8. 复数与原形一致的单词:fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese; 注:1.fish指“鱼肉”时,是不可数名词;2.fish指“鱼的多少”时,是可数名词,但单数和复数同行;There are many fish in the river。3.fish强调鱼的“种类“时,复数是“fishes”。There are many kinds of fishes in the river。 9. 有些名词以-s结尾,但表达的是单数意义,例如:news,maths,politics,physics,the United States等。 10. 常以复数形式出现的名词,例如:glasses,trousers,shoes,gloves,socks 等,要表达他们的量时常用pair,例如:a pair of glasses/shoes; 复数只需量词变复数,例如:two pairs of shoes 11. 名词作定语时,不用复数形式,如:a shoe shop。如果要表示复数,则去掉不定冠词,把名词词组中的最后一个名词变成复数形式,如:an apple tree---apple trees

名词复数变化规则大全

英语名词复数的规则变化 英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式。表示一个用单数,表示两个或两个以上用复数。复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。 一、规则变化: 1、一般在名词词尾加s, ①map—maps地图,bird—birds鸟, orange—oranges 桔子, bike—bikes自行车; 2、以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es, ①box—boxes盒子,class—classes班级,watch—watches手表,dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具; 3、以O结尾的名词后面加s或es ①photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园tomato—tomatoes西红柿potato—potatoes土豆 4、以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es ①baby—babies婴儿family—families家庭; 以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s ①boy—boys男孩toy—toys 玩具; 5、以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为ves ①knife—knives小刀 wife—wives妻子 leaf—leaves树叶。 二、名词复数的不规则变化 1、child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。 如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2、单复同形如:

名词的复数形式变化规则

名词的复数形式变化规则: 一规则变化(7 条) 1.一般情况下,直接在名词后+ s 例:book →books bag →bags tree →trees 2.-s, -ss , -sh , -ch , -x , -z结尾→+ es 例:bus →buses class →classes brush →brushes box →boxes buzz →buzzes watch →watches 3.辅音字母+ y 结尾→改y为i + es 例:factory →factories baby →babies lady →ladies 4.元音字母+ y 结尾→+ s @ 例:boy →boys key →keys monkey →monkeys 5.-f, -fe 结尾 ①一般情况下:-f, -fe 去掉→v + es 例:leaf →leaves wife →wives knife →knives ②-f, -fe →直接+ s chief→chiefs gulf →gulfs safe →safes 6.-o→三种情况 ⑴一般情况→+ s 例:photo →photos piano →pianos ⑵→+ es @ potato土豆→patatoes tomato西红柿→tomatoes 7.-oo →+s 例:zoo→zoos kangaroo →kangaroos 二不规则变化( 10 个) ①man →men ②woman →women ③foot →feet ④tooth →teeth ⑤goose →geese ⑥mouse →mice ⑦louse →lice ⑧child →children ⑨ox →oxen ⑩German→Germans 三单复数同形

名词复数形式的变化规则

名词复数形式的变化规则; 1.大多数情况下,直接加s 2.以 s x sh ch结尾的名词变复数,加es 3. 以 f fe 结尾的名词变复数,把 f fe 变为ves. 4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词变复数,把y 变 i 再加es. 例如,family 以辅音字母l 加y 结尾,所以复数形式为families, boy也是以y 结尾的,但它是以元音字母o加y结尾的,所以复数形式为boys 5. 有些以字母o 结尾的名词变复数加es,例tomato es,potato es 6.还有一些不规则变化的,需要同学们分清记牢。如sheep——sheep,child------ children 二、练习题。 <一>、写出下列名词的复数形式 1、orange 2、class 3、 text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、 child 7、shelf 8、 bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、 foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、 photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、 fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、 sheep <二>、选择填空 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. That’a art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river.

英语名词的复数变化规则

英语可数名词的复数变化规则: 1、一般情况下加S 例如: book——books ruler——rulers hen——hens 2、以s、x、ch、sh 结尾,加es 例如: } bus——buses box——boxes watch——watches dish——dishes 3、以元音字母+y结尾,加s (元音字母:a o e i u) 例如: monkey——monkeys holiday——holidays , toy——toys 4、以辅音字母+y结尾,去掉y,加ies 例如: story——stories baby——babies ①直接加s

5、以f、fe结尾有的②去掉f或fe,加ves ③既可以直接加s,又可以去掉f、fe加ves ( 以f、fe结尾,直接加s 顺口溜:海湾农奴信酋长,悬崖证据在房顶。 gulf——gulfs[ɡ?lf]海湾 serf——serfs[s??f]农奴、奴隶 belief——beliefs[b?'li?f]信 chief——chiefs [t?i?f]酋长 cliff——cliffs[kl?f] 悬崖 proof——proofs[pru?f]证据 】 roof——roofs[ru?f]房顶 以f、fe结尾,加es 顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼, 小偷吓得发了慌, 躲在架后保己命, 半片树叶遮目光。 wife——wives[wa?f] 妻子 — knife——knives[na?f] 小刀 wolf——wolves[w?lf] 狼 thief——thieves[θi?f]小偷

shelf——shelves[?elf] 架子 self——selves[self] 自己 life——lives[la?f] 生命 half——halves[hɑ?f]一半 leaf——leaves[li?f]树叶 ; 注:关于self的复合词,也是去掉f加ves 例如: myself——ourselves yourself——yourselves himself(herself)——themselves 以f、fe结尾,既可以直接加s,又可以去掉f、fe加ves 顺口溜:码头侏儒围围巾,手绢复数变二心。 例如: 、 Wharf [w??f]码头 Dwarf [dw??f]侏儒 Scarf [skɑ?f]围巾 Handkerchief ['h??k?t??f] 手绢 6、以O结尾的一般有两种情况,但是也有特殊情况。 一般无生命的加s 例如: auto——autos['??t??] 汽车 ·

名词单数变复数规则及练习

小学英语语法:名词 1.名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 如:GuangZhou,Mike,UNESCO等。 专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写,前面不加定冠词the。 如:police,eggs,rice等。 表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。 表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如:family,police,class,people等。 Water,air,milk等。 hope,love,spirit。 1.定义:一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为 物质名词和抽象名词多为 2.可数名词的数: 表示“一个”时用单数,a bird,a teacher,an apple,表示“多个”时用复数。two birds,five teachers,eight apples.

3.可数名词复数的变化规则. A、一般情况下,在单数名词的后面加-s构成。如:game-games,boy-boys等。 B、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数,在词尾加-es构成。如:box-boxes,bus-buses,peach-peaches,dish-dishes。 C、以o结尾,表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es;表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos,piano-pianos等。 D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数,将y改成i后再加-es。如:factory-factories,story-stories,family-families。 E、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数,将f或fe改成v,然后再加-es。如:leaf-leaves,life-lives,knife-knives等。 F、名词单数变复数,除了有规则可循的变化之外,还有一部分的变化是不规则的,我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。这些词有:goose-geese,foot-feet,tooth-teech,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,child-children,ox-oxen 4.不可数名词量的表示 需给这些词计量,我们于是采用这种方法: 如:a cup of tea,a box of milk,a piece of paper等。 如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即

名词单复数变化规则

名词单复数变化规则 一、可数名词都有单数和复数之分。 A: 规则的可数名词的复数变化规则: 1.一般情况加s :book-- books mouth---mouths house---houses girl---girls 2.以s 、sh 、ch 、x结尾的加es :class--- classes box----boxes ma tch----matches 3.辅音音素+ y结尾的变y为i加es:city---cities country----countries p arty----parties factory----factories 4.以o 结尾的词+es的只有以下词:heroes Negroes tomatoes potatoes z eroes/zeros 以o 结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+s radios, zoos, bamboos ,(pianos ,kilos photos) 5.以f,fe 结尾的变f或fe为v +es : thief thieves wife wives life lives knife knives wolf wolves half halves leaf leaves shelf shelves B: 名词词尾的读音规则: 1.在[ p] [t] [k] [f]等清辅音后读[s] cups,hats,cakes,roofs 2. 在[s] [z] [∫] [t∫]等音后读[iz] glasses, faces, roses. 3.在其他情况下读作[z] beds days cities knives. 4.以th结尾的词原来读[ ] 加词尾后多数读[ ] 如:mouth—mouths path—paths ; 但是也有不变化的,如:month—months, ninth—ninths, youth—youths. C: 不规则的可数名词的变化规则: 1.man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese child—c hildren, mouse—mice, 2.单复数相同: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese Swiss. 3.以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servant—men servants. (boy/girl students) woman doctor—women doctors.

英语动词单三变化规则及名词单数变复数口诀

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