(英语)高二英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析

（英语）高二英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Generally speaking, government regulations normally ban anything from smoking in public places to parking in certain zones. But officials in the Brazilian town of Biritiba Mirim, 70km (45miles) east of Sao Paulo, have gone far beyond that. They plan to prohibit residents from dying early because the local cemetery(墓地) has reached full capacity.

There's no more room to bury the dead, they can't be cremated(火化) and laws forbid a new cemetery. So the mayor has proposed a strange solution: outlaw death. Mayor Roberto Pereira says the bill is meant as a protest against federal regulations that prohibit new or expanded cemeteries in preservation areas. "They have not taken local demands into consideration", he claims.

A 2003 decree(法令) by Brazil's National Environment Council forbids burial grounds in protected areas. Mr. Pereira wants to build a new cemetery, but the project has been stopped because 98% of Biritiba Mirim is considered as a preservation area.

Biritiba Mirim, a town of 28,000 inhabitants, not only wants to prohibit residents from passing away. The bill also calls on people to take care of their health in order to avoid death. "I haven't got a job, nor am I healthy. And now they say I can't die. That's ridiculous," Amarido do Prado, an unemployed resident said.

The city council is expected to vote on the regulation next week. "Of course the bill is laughable, illegal, and will never be approved," said Gilson Soares de Campos, an assistant of the mayor. "But can you think of a better resolution to persuade the government to change the environmental decree that is prohibiting us from building a new cemetery?" The bill states that "offenders will be held responsible for their acts." However, it does not say what the punishment will be.

（1）What is the bill to be proposed by the officials in Biritiba Mirim?

A. Ban on building a new cemetery.

B. Ban on parking in certain zones.

C. Forbidding buried grounds in preservation.

D. Prohibiting residents from dying early.

（2）What can we infer from the phrase "have gone far beyond that" in the first paragraph?

A. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have made these regulations.

B. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have been to many places around the world.

C. The bill to be proposed by officials in Biritiba Mirim is much too unexpected.

D. The officials in Biritiba Mirim have built too many cemeteries in their town.

（3）What's the attitude of the mayor of Biritiba Mirim towards the federal regulations? A. He gives strong backing to them. B. He objects to them.

C. He remains silent about them.

D. He asks the residents for advice on them.

（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A. The bill has come into effect but it doesn't state clearly what punishements the offenders will receive.

B. The residents of the town sing high praise for the bill.

C. The government is going to change the unreasonale and laughable decree.

D. No better

resolution of the problems has been thought out.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，由于墓地短缺，巴西城市Biritiba Mirim的官员草拟了一份不准人过早的死去的法案，这引起了当地居民的争论。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They plan to prohibit residents from dying early because the local cemetery(墓地) has reached full capacity.”可知Biritiba Mirim的官员们计划制定法律不允许人们过早死亡，主要是因为没有再多的墓地了。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Generally speaking, government regulations normally ban anything from smoking in publ ic places to parking in certain zones.”可知政府会禁止人们在公共场所抽烟或在某些特定地点停车，但是巴西Biritiba Mirim的官员的建议却远远不止于此，根据第一段中的“They plan to prohibit residents from dying early because the local cemetery(墓地) has reached full capacity.”可知Biritiba Mirim甚至不允许人们早死，这样的规定早已超过人们的想象了。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Mayor Roberto Pereira says the bill is meant as a protest against federal regulations that prohibit new or expanded cemeteries in preservation areas.”可知市长Roberto Pereira说他们制定的这个法案是反对联邦的规定的。故选B。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But can you think of a better resolution to persuade the government to change the environmental decree that is prohibiting us from building a new cemetery?”可知现在没有更好的方法来解决缺乏墓地的问题。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Want to improve your writing skills? New Writing South is directing the way!

Towner Writer Squad (班级) for kids aged 13-17

Led by comedy and TV writer, Marian Kilpatrick, Towner Writer Squad will meet once a month at the contemporary art museum for 11 months, starting 12 October, 2016.

The FREE squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyric (抒情诗) to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers.

Application & Selection

If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing (about 500 words), responding to the title "LUNCH", with your name, age, address and email address to: debo@https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html,.

Once all applications are in, you will be invited to an open selection event on 17 September, 4-5pm, at the gallery of Towner. This will be an informal opportunity to meet the Squad Leader, Squad Associate and other young people.

You will also have a chance to get to know the fantastic gallery space and get a taste of what's to come.

Deadline for applications: 8 September, 2016

For further information go to: https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html,/toner or https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html, or https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html, Any questions –feel free to send your email to Towner Writer Squad Associate: wharne@https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html,

Beginner Writing Project for kids aged 10-13

Due to popular demand, a writing project will be started for eager beginners.

Start time: 6 September, 2016

Meet every other Saturday, 2-4pm, at the Towner Study Centre.

Study and write at your own pace – you do not have to rush – as you have a year to go through the project. Practice under the guidance of some experienced writers and teachers who can help you with basic writing skills. Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!

No previous experience or special background is required. Many others have been successful this way. If they can do it, why can't you?

Fee: ￡179

For more information go to: https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html, or https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html,

（1）Towner Writer Squad will be started ________.

A.to train comedy and TV writers

B.to explore the fantastic gallery space

C.to introduce a contemporary art museum

D.to promote the development of young writers

（2）To join the Writer Squad, each applicant should first _________.

A.provide a piece of their writing

B.meet the Writer Squad Leader

C.offer their family information

https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html,plete an application form

（3）What is most important for the beginners?

A.Practising as much as possible.

B.Gaining confidence and having fun.

C.Studying and writing at their own pace.

D.Learning skills from writers and teachers.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了不同年龄阶段孩子为提高写作水平设置的写作培训班，说明了招收学员的年龄、申请的条件、开课时间、报名截止日期及费用等信息。

（1）考查细节理解。根据The FREE部分中的“ squad sessions will include introductions to a wide range of writing styles, from poetry to play writing and lyric (抒情诗) to flash fiction, to support the development of young writers.”班会将包括介绍广泛的写作风格，从诗歌到戏剧

写作，从抒情诗到微型小说，以支持年轻作家的发展。可知，Towner Writer Squad促进年轻作家的发展。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Application & Selection部分中的“If you would like to apply to be part of the Towner Writer Squad, please send a sample piece of your writing ”如果你想申请成为Towner Writer Squad的一员，请寄一份你的写作样稿。可知，要加入Writer Squad，每个申请人必须先提供一篇他们的作品。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Start time: 6 September, 2016部分中的“Most importantly, build confidence and have fun while writing!”最重要的是，在写作的过程中建立自信和获得乐趣!可知，对初学者来说获得信心和乐趣是最重要的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

The National Postal Museum is divided into galleries that explore America's postal history. Visitors will have a full picture of the creation and fantastic varieties of postage stamps.

World of Stamps

Video images bring stamps to life and attract visitors who explore the surrounding displays. Visitors encounter the world's first postage stamp —the 1840 Penny Black and learn how it revolutionized communication. Stamp images, including Dr. Martin Luther King's "I have a dream" speech and the stamp that helped raise almost $72 million dollars for breast cancer research, explain how stamps have shaped history and honored people and places worldwide.

Gems of American Philately

Visitors have the opportunity of examining 13 of the most rare and highly valued stamps in the world of the stamp collection, including the most famous American stamp of all, the 1918 Inverted Jenny. A video explains why the Inverted Jenny and other stamps displayed here are the most valuable. The treasures in this area are rarely available for public viewing. Each tells a story about an important event in US history.

Mail Marks History

The markings on mail provide valuable clues to the surprising ways mail has been transported over time, including challenges and even disasters encountered along the way. You will understand these markings by following the journeys of three historic letters.

Connect with US Stamps

Visitors explore their own connections with stamps. At three touch screen tables, they create their own stamp collection based on the topics that interest them most. They can also create their own stamp designs. Visitors have the chance to view videos in which stamp designers talk about their craft, stamp collectors explain what they collect and why, and footage(片段) shows the process of making stamps.

（1）What can you do at World of Stamps?

A. Photograph some nice stamps on display.

B. Learn more about the great importance of stamps.

C. Donate money to cancer research.

D. Listen to a speech by Martin Luther King on

video.

（2）What can you see at Gems of American Philately?

A. Some famous designers in the US.

B. Some newly released stamps in the US.

C. Some of the most valuable US stamps.

D. Some important public reviews of stamps.

（3）Where can you see how stamps are created?

A. Connect with US Stamps

B. Gems of American Philately

C. Mail Marks History

D. World of Stamps

（4）Where does this text come from?

A. An official report.

B. An exhibition guide.

C. An announcement.

D. An art show review.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国国家邮政博物馆几个展厅的展览内容。（1）考查推理判断。根据World of Stamps部分中的“Video images bring stamps to life and attract visitors who explore the surrounding displays.”和下文列举世界上第一张邮票，马丁路德金演讲邮票和帮助乳腺癌研究筹钱邮票的例子，说明在这里人们能够更多了解邮票的知识和重要性。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Gems of American Philately部分中的“Visitors have the opportunity of examining 13 of the most rare and highly valued stamps in the world of the stamp collection,”可知游客们在这里能够有机会欣赏到世界上最珍贵的13枚邮票。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Connect with US Stamps部分中的“They can also create their own stamp designs. Visitors have the chance……and footage(片段) shows the process of making stamps.”可知在这里能够看到邮票制作的过程。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。本文介绍了美国国家邮政博物馆几个展厅的展览内容，此类文章不属于官方报告，公告，也不属于艺术展览评论。它属于展览指导，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

As a gesture of friendship，Mayor Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo，Japan gave Washington, D.C a gift of more than 3,000 Japanese cherry trees on March 17,1912.Every spring, the cherry trees in Washington，D.C. take bloom(开花)，beginning one of the country's loveliest celebrations, the National Cherry Blossom Festival (March 17-April 15). Book your trip now to see this vibrant display of pink and white in this city full of history!

Washington, D.C. Cherry Blossom In-Depth Tour

Priee: $45/person

Available: Mar.25-Apr.15

Duration: 1 Day

Highlights: Visit Washington， D.C.; experience the peak period of cherry blossom(April 8-12) Itinerary: Guests will start to celebrate the National Cherry Blossom Festival and discover the beauty of cherry blossoms. Next,we will begin our sightseeing city tour including Lincoln Memorial, White House, US Capitol, Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, Washington Monument and International Spy Museum. Then visit the next tourist spot, the Jefferson Memorial. It's the best location to view the cherry blossoms. Finally, guests may board a Potomac River cruise to see the city from the water. Then tour ends.

Price Includes: Ground Transportation

Admission Fees:

Destination Adult Child Senior

International Spy Museum(optional)$21.95$14.95(3-12yrs)$19.95(Over 65 yrs) Madame Tussauds Wax Museum (optional)$23$17(3-12yrs)$20(Over 65 yrs)

Potomac River Cruise(optional)$26$18(3-12yrs)$23(Over 65 yrs)

guide. You cannot buy the tickets on your own or use City Pass. The tour guide will arrange the tickets for the group.

（1）On March 25,tourists___________.

A. experience the peak period of cherry blossom

B. have a discounted tour of a city full of history

C. enjoy the National Cherry Blossom Festival

D. witness the first day of the festival

（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Japan presented cherry trees to attract tourists to Washington, DC.

B. The tour covers five tourist spots without admission fees.

C. Admission fees can be paid in cash or with City Pass.

D. Each tourist must choose at least one optional destination.

（3）It costs___________ for a 16-year-old student and his grandpa (aged 67) to go on the tour，with the wax museum included.

A. $110

B. $136

C. $133

D. $127

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了美国的国家樱花节的时间、景点、花费和注意事项。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Washington, D.C. Cherry Blossom In-Depth Tour部分中的“Available: Mar.25-Apr.15”可知在三月二十五日，游客们可以享受国家樱花节，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据Itinerary 部分中的“Next, we will begin our sightseeing city tour including Lincoln Memorial, White House, US Capitol, Madame Tussauds Wax Museum, Washington Monument and International Spy Museum. Then visit the next tourist spot, the Jefferson Memorial,”可知城市旅游包括以上八个景点，根据Admission Fees表格中的内容可

知International Spy Museum，Madame Tussauds Wax Museum和Potomac River Cruise这三个景点是需要付费的，所以有五个景点不需要付费，故选B。

（3）考查数字计算。根据Price: $45/person，以及表格中Madame Tussauds Wax Museum (optional) $23，$20(Over 65 yrs)可知一位十六岁的学生和他的爷爷参加这次旅行，包括蜡像馆，价格是45*2+23+20=133，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和数字计算三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.

The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds if waste: recyclable waste, harmful waste, household food waste and residual (剩余) waste.

A team from the U. K.'s National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine examined 14 lean and overweight men and analyzed their metabolic (新陈代谢) health. The participants were either assigned

Harmful waste, as the name suggests, includes various poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides.

Household food waste —which is translated to "wet trash" in Chinese —refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.

Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.

The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category.

As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own way to sort trash.

"We should do this from a pig's angle," commented one netizen. "Those edible (可食用) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be harmful waste. Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste."

The new regulation came into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200.

（1）What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to?

A.Harmful waste.

B.Wet trash.

C.Recyclable waste.

D.Residual waste

（2）What is the common point of "wet trash"?

A.They can be broken down easily.

B.They all come from plants.

C.They all have bad smells.

D.They all have poisonous materials.

（3）What is the tone of the netizen like?

A.Serious.

B.Humorous.

C.Delightful.

D.Uncertain.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.The four sorts of garbing are forbidden in Shanghai.

B.Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.

C.people are still confused about garbage sorting.

D.The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了上海垃圾分类政策的规范，包括有害垃圾、可回收垃圾、湿垃圾等的分类规范。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第六段“Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.”可知，old coats是可回收利用的废品。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Household food waste —which is translated to ‘wet trash’ in Chinese — refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.”厨余垃圾也可被称作湿垃圾，其中包括一些水果皮、中药渣、花等等，由此可知这类垃圾都能够轻易被破坏，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“We should do this from a pig's angle,”可知，网民是用一种调侃的口气来说的。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介绍了上海实行的垃圾分类政策，紧接着又对各项垃圾进行了具体阐述，由此判断本文主要介绍了上海正在实行垃圾分类。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

When I was a child, our dining room had two kinds of chairs — two large ones with arm rests and four small ones without. The larger ones stood at the ends of the table, the smaller ones on the sides. Mom and Dad sat in the big chairs, except when one of us was away; then Mom would sit in one of the smaller chairs. Dad always sat at the end, at the "head" of the table. Sitting

where he did, Dad was framed by the window through which the yard could be seen with its trees and grass. His chair was not just a place for him at table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and the trees. It was the holy(神圣的)and protected place that was his, and ours through him.

After Dad retired, he and Mom moved out into a small flat. When thy came to visit me at their old house, Dad still sat at the end of the table though the table was no longer his but mine. Only with my marriage to Barbara, did I hear a voice questioning the arrangement. She requested, gently but firmly, that I sit at the head of the table in our home. I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that "head" place in my Dad's presence? And how would he handle it? I was to find out on the occasion of our youngest child's first birthday.

Mom and Dad arrived for lunch, and went into the dining room. Dad moved toward his usual seat in front of the window. Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, "Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side." He stopped, looked at me and then sat down. I felt sad, and angry at Barbara for pushing me to do this. It would have been easy to say, "My mistake, Dad. Sit where you always sit, " But I didn't.

When he and Mom were seated, Barbara and I took our places. I don't know how Dad felt. I do know that, though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren. As I served the food, our lives experienced a change, which we continue to live with.

It wasn't easy, but I sense that there is also something good in the change which has occurred. I am beginning to learn that "honoring one's father" is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell. We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose.

（1）Why did Dad always sit in the big chair at the end of the table before he retired?

A.Because the chair was large enough for him.

B.Because sitting there he could see the trees and grass in the yard.

C.Because it was the holy seat for the head of the family.

D.Because the chair was comfortable with arm rests.

（2）What do we know from the second paragraph?

A.The writer's parents moved out because the house was too old.

B.The writer didn't want to hurt his father’s feelings.

C.The writer's wife was rude to his parents.

D.The writer didn't dare to refuse his wife's request.

（3）Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Dad felt upset after being removed from his usual place.

B.The writer was satisfied with the new seating arrangement.

C.Dad continued to tell stories to cover his embarrassment.

D.Dad didn't appear to mind where he sat.

（4）What does the writer intend to tell us?

A.Respecting Dad is more than the question of dining seat.

B.It is not easy to go against parents' wishes.

C.Think twice before you act.

D.Every coin has two sides.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙，通过讲述作者和父亲餐厅座位的变化告诉我们尊重父母并不在于餐厅的座位，而是快乐相处。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“His chair was not just a place for him at table; it was a place in which he was situated against the yard and the trees. It was the holy(神圣的）and protected place that was his, and ours through him.”可知父亲的餐桌位置不仅是靠着院子和树林的地方，还是一个一家之主神圣和受保护的地方。所以为什么爸爸在退休前总是坐在桌子尽头的大椅子上是因为那是一家之主的圣座。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I realized then that I was head of the family, but I also felt unwilling to introduce such a change. How would I feel sitting in that "head" place in my Dad's presence? And how would he handle it?”可知作者成为一家之主后，不愿意占据父亲原来一家之主的神圣座位。所以判断出作者不想伤害父亲的感情。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Before he could get around the side of the table, I took a deep breath and said, ‘Dad, this is going to be your place, next to Mom, on the side.’He stopped, looked at me and then sat down.和第四段though removed from his usual place, he continued to share his best self with us, telling stories of his childhood and youth to the delight of his grandchildren.”可知作者让父亲坐在边上后，父亲似乎并没表现出介意坐在哪里，仍然和我们说笑，给孩子们讲他孩时和年轻时的故事。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I am beginning to learn that ‘honoring one's father’ is more than the question of which place to occupy at the dining table. It also means listening, wherever we sit and whatever positions we own, to the stories Dad longs to tell We may then, during these magical moments, even be able to forget about whose chair is whose.”可知作者开始认识到“孝敬父亲”不仅仅是在餐桌上占据什么位置的问题。无论坐在哪里，无论坐什么位置，我们都会倾听爸爸渴望告诉我们的故事。所以作者想告诉我们“孝敬父亲”，不仅仅是在餐桌上占据什么位置的问题。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Chinese scientists recently have produced two monkeys with the same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, using the same technique that gave us Dolly the sheep. These monkeys are not actually the first primates（灵长类）to be cloned. Another one named Tetra was produced in the late 1990s by embryo（胚胎）splitting, the division of an early-stage embryo into two or four

separate cells to make clones. By contrast, they were each made by replacing an egg cell nucleus （原子核）with DNA from a differentiated body cell. This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer（SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.

Success came from adopting several new techniques. These included a new type of microscopy to better view the cells during handling or using several materials that encourage cell reprogramming, which hadn't been tried before on primates. Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers' pouring water on the idea that the team's results bring scientists closer to cloning humans. They thought this work is not a stepping stone to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.

But the scientists involved emphasize that this is not their goal. There is now no barrier for cloning primate species, thus cloning humans is closer to reality. However, their research purpose is entirely for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans. Despite limitations, they treat this breakthrough a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.

（1）What do we know about the technology called SCNT?

A. It created the first two primates.

B. It may contribute to editing the DNA

C. It can divide an early-stage embryo into several cells.

D. It produced two cloned monkeys with different genes.

（2）What does the author mean by “pouring water on the idea” in paragraph 2?

A. Keeping a hot topic of it.

B. Having a low opinion of it.

C. Attaching no importance to it.

D. Adding supportive evidence to it.

（3）What is the scientists' purpose to clone these monkeys?

A. To help with the study of human diseases.

B. To serve as a stepping stone to their reputation.

C. To prepare for their research on human cloning.

D. To raise money for holding an exhibition of novels.

（4）What can we infer from the passage?

A. New techniques seem to be pointless.

B. Cloning humans is already on its way.

C. Society won't agree to clone another monkey.

D. The success rate of cloning a monkey was not high.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们利用高科技克隆猴子帮助研究人类疾病。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This Dolly method, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer

（SCNT）, can create more clones and allows researchers greater control over the edits they make to the DNA.”可知，SCNT可能有助于编辑DNA。故选B。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Still, the research process proved difficult, and many attempts by the team failed. Just two healthy baby monkeys born from more than 60 tested mothers. This leads to many researchers' pouring water on the idea that the team's results bring scientists closer to cloning humans.”可知在第二段中“pouring water on the idea”的意思是“对它的评价很低。”故选B。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, their research purpose is entirel y for producing non-human primate models for human diseases; they absolutely have no intention, and society will not permit this work to be extended to humans.”可知，科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“They thought this work is not a stepping ston e to establishing methods for obtaining live born human clones. Instead, this clearly remains a very foolish thing to attempt, it would be far too inefficient, far too unsafe, and it is also pointless.“和最后一段中的“Despite limitations, they treat this breakthro ugh a novel model system for scientists studying human biology and disease.“可知，克隆一只猴子的成功率并不高。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Recent summer temperatures in parts of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt. As global warming speeds up the heat and climatic events increase, many plants may be unable to cope. But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to “sweat” when other essential processes stop, a new study finds.

As plants change sunlight into food, or photosynthesize (光合作用), they absorb carbon dioxide through pores on their leaves. These pores also release water via transpiration(蒸腾), which circulates nutrients through the plant and helps cool it by evaporation(蒸发). But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis—and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration, leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating. Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary trees' conditions in their natural environment, little is known about how individual species handle this situation. Ecologist John Drake of the S.U.N.Y. College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum (Eucalyptus parramattensis) trees in large, climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia. Six of the trees were grown at surrounding air temperatures and six at temperatures three degrees Celsius higher. The researchers withheld (扣留) water from the surface soil of all 12 trees for a month to imitate a mild dry spell, then induced a four-day “extreme” heat wave: They raised the maximum temperatures in half of the pods（three with

surrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones）— to 44 degrees ℃. Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave. But to the researchers' surprise, these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology.

The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought (干旱) were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.

Other scientists call the finding encouraging. “It's definitely good news,” says Trevor Keenan, an ecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part of the study. “It would be very interesting to know how this translates to other species,” he adds. Drake hopes to conduct similar experiments with trees common in North America.

（1）How does one species of eucalyptus tree cope with extreme heat waves?

A. By releasing water.

B. By blocking sunlight.

C. By absorbing groundwater.

D. By reducing photosynthesis.

（2）What did the researchers do during their study?

A. They grew all the trees in artificial temperatures.

B. They induced a heat wave in a dozen pods of trees.

C. They created climate-controlled surroundings for trees.

D. They varied trees' conditions in their natural environment.

（3）The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A. continued B. substituted C. strengthened D. ceased

（4）What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A. Photosynthesis is necessary for the trees to sweat.

B. No further experiments will be done other species.

C. Other species will be transplanted to North America.

D. Groundwater helps the trees survive the extreme heat.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，联合国环境科学与林业学院的生态学家John Drake 和他的同事们通过对红桉树做实验，得出结论：在极度的高温中，红桉树仍然可以通过释放水分来抵抗热浪，获得生存。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to 'sweat’”可知，桉树通过“流汗”，即释放水分来抵抗极度的热，故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Ecologist John Drake… and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum … trees in large, climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees

from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, A ustralia.”可知，研究者们将12棵红桉树种植在巨大的，气候受控制的塑料舱里，这种塑料仓将这些树和周围的森林分离开来。可知，研究者们为这些树创造了一个气候受控制的生长环境，故选C。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis”可知，极度的高温会减少光合作用。由第四段后面的内容可知，令研究者们惊讶的是，面对着人工制造出来的热浪，这些树继续以接近正常的水平蒸发，有效地使自己和周围的环境凉爽下来。结合这两点可以推知，面对人工制造出来的热浪，光合作用应该是大大减少，但这并没有影响树木的蒸发。划线部分意思应当接近于“大大减少，降低”这一类的意思cease意为“停止”，故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought （干旱）were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.”可知，这些树擅长吸取地下水，如果热浪干旱同时发生，地下水枯竭的话，那么这些树生存的可能性就比较小了。由此可以推知，地下水帮助这些树存活下来。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Lately a popular eight-floor bookstore in Hefei,Anhui province,has risen to fame because it becomes the world's first shared bookstore,in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.

It comes to people's attention as more than 200,000 visitors flooded the store on its first day as a shared bookstore on July 16 this year,a record high since it was reopened to the public in 2013.Some 4,000 books were brought home on the first day,https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html, reported.

Customers are allowed to borrow up to two books valued under 150 yuan per visit after registering with an app and paying the 99 yuan deposit fee（押金）.

All books on sale in the bookstore are available for sharing.Returned books that are damaged are sold at a discount.The bookstore also provides a bonus for bookworms.People who finish reading 12 books in three months receive eight percent of their deposit back,and members can be rewarded one yuan for every book read.

"We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,"Xu Xinwei,who helps run the bookstore,told https://www.360docs.net/doc/76653638.html,.

Some parents buy a lot of books for their children,but they usually end up collecting dust as their children grow up.Similarly,some popular novels for young people also fall out of fashion,according to Xu."Books are more effectively circulated when they're shared."

（1）The bookstore becomes a shared one .

A. to make more money

B. to make more room for new books

C. to inspire more people to read

D. to recommend new books

（2）What does the underlined phrase “risen to fame” in Paragraph 1 probabl y mean? A. Become well-known. B. Settled down. C. Broken up. D. Taken over.（3）What can we infer from the passage?

A. The bookstore was once the best in Anhui province.

B. The books that are sold here can't be borrowed.

C. More than 4,000 books were taken home on July 16 in 2013.

D. The cost of reading can be reduced by sharing the books.

（4）What does the bookstore do to attract more readers?

A. The bookstore encourages parents to buy more books for their children.

B. The readers are allowed to borrow the books unconditionally.

C. The readers who are members can receive one yuan for every book read.

D. The bookstore is considering offering a bonus for anyone who likes reading.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，最近，安徽省合肥一家受欢迎的八楼书店，由于成为世界上第一家共享书店，因此鼓励更多中国公民读书。本文以此展开，主要讲述了共享书店的运营模式。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.”可知这个书店成为一家共享书店为了让更多的公民阅读。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中popular一词，以及提到这家书店成为世界上第一家共享书店，可见这家书店应该“名声大振”。risen to fame译为“名声大振”。故选A.

（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“"We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books,”可推知，共享图书可以降低阅读成本，这样人们可以更多的阅读。故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“and members can b e rewarded one yuan for every book read.”可知，所有的阅读者都可以得到每本书一元钱的奖励。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Who could have imagined that a treadmill(跑步机)on wheels would one day become a thing? Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.

Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question. "How can I use a treadmill outdoors?" He eventually came up with a design, to which he added an electric engine, and Lopifit was born. The treadmill bicycle is similar to a typical electric bicycle in that the motor only works when the rider puts power in as well. The Lopifit senses it when you

walk on the treadmill and uses the motor to turn a drive chain at the back part of the treadmill, helping you reach a top speed of 17 miles per hour.

To use the Lopifit, simply turn on the battery and use your feet to slide the treadmill backwards and activate (激活) the motor. Then get on and enjoy the ride! If you need speed, just walk on the treadmill, and if you want to coast, all you have to do is stay still and admire the view. To stop, you have two hand brakes available.

The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and, unsurprisingly, became an instant hit. That was actually quite challenging for the company, because it started get inquiries and calls for orders, but it was nowhere near ready for mass production. The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year, and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand, despite the high price tag of $ 2,115.

But despite having a very loyal fan-base of so-called Lopifitters, the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the invention stupid and unnecessary. They basically believe that if you're going to walk, you might as well do it the old-fashioned way. But the Lopifit does have the unique advantage of helping you walk really fast without breaking a sweat, or walking at cycling speed, if you will.

（1）With the help of Lopifit, you can ________.

A. cycle to work by walking

B. offer power to any bicycle

C. create a treadmill on wheels

D. answer some hard questions

（2）From the second paragraph, we can learn ________.

A. how Lopifit was created

B. where Lopifit can be used

C. who Lopifit is intended for

D. which design is suitable for Lopifit

（3）What can be learned from the fourth paragraph?

A. Lopifit was cheap and available in 2014.

B. Lopifit always broke down on the streets.

C. It was hard for the company to design Lopifit.

D. The supply of Lopifit failed to meet the demand.

（4）How do the public react to Lopifit?

A. Positively.

B. Variously.

C. Angrily.

D. Cautiously.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了Bruin从跑步机上获得灵感，发明了一款“走路自行车”，在这款自行车上不需要跑步，走路就行的自行车——Lopifit。Lopifit 非常受欢迎，供不应求。

(1)细节理解题。由第一段Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.可知，在Lopifit的帮助下，你可以走路去工作，选A。

(2)推理判断题。由第二段Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question可知，这一段主要讲了“走路自行车”是如何被发明的，选A。

(3)推理判断题。由第四段The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year, and Lopifit is

struggling to keep up with demand, despite the high price tag of $ 2,115.可知，从第四段，我们可以推断出这款自行车供不应求，选D。

(4)推理判断题。由最后一段But despite having a very loyal fan- base of so-called Lopifitters, the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the invention stupid and unnecessary. 可知，这款自行车有许多忠实的粉丝，但是也有许多摇头党，所以可以推断出人们对于这款自行车持各种各样的态度，选B。

【点评】细节理解题：考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。

1.事实细节题→寻读法

分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。

2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。

3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索：设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。

4. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。