通信专业英语论文
专业英语
题目M2M移动通信网络构架研究
学生姓名
学号
学院
专业通信工程
指导教师
二Ｏ一年月日
摘要
文章对M2M业务特征和MTC通信网络架构进行了探讨。首先详细分析M2M业务特征以及对现网架构的影响；然后借鉴国际标准组织提出的M2M网络架构，并在此基础上根据现阶段的网络现状和M2M业务需求提出了3G网络阶段适用的网络架构。
【关键词】M2M 网络架构PCRF 核心网专用网元
1 引言
物物通信（M2M，Machine to Machine）是一种涉及一个或多个实体的不需要人为干预的数据通信，也称为机器类型通信（MTC，Machine-Type Communication）。随着M2M业务的快速发展，基于移动通信网络的MTC正日益成为一种主要的移动通信方式，但是传统移动通信网络毕竟是面向人人通信（H2H，Hu-man to human）业务设计的，适应H2H的业务需求，却不能满足M2M业务需求。具体来说，MTC和传统人人通信的不同之处包括以下方面[1]：（1）基于MTC通信的应用场景比H2H通信的场景丰富很多，而且具有差异性。根据功能特性划分大致可归纳为位置感知和共享、环境信息感知、远程控制与执行、数据收集发布、视频监控、近场通信等。这些应用的差异化一方面表现为功能上的多样性；另一方面也体现在应用特征以及对网络的需求上的差异化。
（2）数据通信为主，包括小流量数据包、视频流等。
（3）要求MTC通信成本比H2H更低。由于M2M业务是在H2H业务之后发展起来的，最小化成本是M2M业务生存的重要考虑。不同的应用因其重要性不同，对通信的要求也是不同的，需要结合事件发生的可能性和需要付出的通信等综合成本来考虑进行成本的最小化。
（4）M2M终端数目巨大，需要更灵活和有策略的终端管理。潜在的海量M2M终端接入通信网络，而且M2M终端无论是从传输特性、QoS要求和移动性，还是从终端的分布密度方面，都与H2H终端有很大不同。
（5）以小数据量传输为主。
如果继续使用传统移动通信系统来进行MTC通信，其系统的效率、成本和适用性都无法达到最优。因此，在考虑M2M业务特征的同时减少对H2H业务的影响，从而设计MTC专用的通信系统，是当前物物通信不断发展背景下的一个重要课题。
2 M2M业务特征分析
网络架构的设计，需要以网络所承载的具体业务为出发点[2]。也就是说，M2M网络架构的设计需要充分分析M2M业务特征和需求，结合终端上下行数据量、频度、QoS需求等方面的业务特征，将物联网应用分为如下五类。其中，对各类应用的部分需求和特征进行了分析，包括移动性、群组通信、鉴权以及按计划周期性处理等，不同场景间有较大差异。
（1）监控报警类：传感器本地监测数据，当发生不符合预期的数据变化时通过网络通知应用层进行报警。
平均数据传输速率：低，仅在某些触发条件下发送少量上行数据流量。
尖峰数据传输速率：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求确定的传输的数据内容有关。
QoS要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求以及当前数据所代表的含义有关。
数据安全要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据可靠传递要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据持续性：低，仅在发生预置的事件时存在短暂的或者持续时间较短的数据传输。
与人交互性：低，通常由系统根据预置处理方式自动处理。
对连接性的需求：需要监控连接性以防破坏或无效。
终端移动性：因无下行流量需求，所以无移动性需求。
举例：输血车血液环境监测；井盖监控；移动资产跟踪。
（2）数据收集类
平均数据传输速率
上行流量：中，数据量较大，持续的数据上报或者周期性数据上报；下行流量：低，更多的是用于修改上报规则等。
尖峰数据传输速率：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求确定的传输的数据内容有关。
QoS要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求以及当前数据所代表的含义有关。
数据安全要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据可靠传递要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据持续性：取决于数据传输间隔和传输方式的选择。[论文网]
与人交互性：低，通常由系统根据预置处理方式自动处理。
对连接性的需求：需要监控连接性以防破坏或无效。
终端移动性：因偶尔有下行数据，所以需要优化的移动性管理。
举例：气象信息监测；火灾现场数据收集；路况信息收集。
（3）信息推送类
平均数据传输速率
上行流量：通常较低，主要用于提供应用所需的过滤或输入条件（如位置信息）；下行流量：通常较大，主要用于传递所推送的信息（如广告、视频媒体等），持续的、基于交互等外界条件出发的或者周期性的数据推送。
尖峰数据传输速率：具有明显的尖峰数据特征，在条件触发后下发匹配的信息。
QoS要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求以及当前数据所代表的含义有关。
数据安全要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据可靠传递要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据持续性：通常具有较长时间的持续性。
与人交互性：高，通常用户会做出反馈，系统根据反馈对推送的信息进行调整。
对连接性的需求：较强，需要维护网络连接以便于进行数据的正确传输。
终端移动性：两极分化。部分终端有很强的移动性；部分终端则通常不移动。
举例：智能博物馆等。
（4）视频监控类
平均数据传输速率
上行流量：高，主要用于传递所监控的多媒体数据；下行流量：低，主要用于传递控制和调节命令等。
尖峰数据传输速率：无明显的尖峰数据特征，数据传输通常维持一个相对稳定的传输速率。
QoS要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据安全要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据可靠传递要求：不同时刻有不同的要求。如在正常情况下要求适中，但一旦发生某些预置的事件则需要较高的可靠性传递。
数据持续性：通常具有长时间的持续性。
与人交互性：低，用户偶尔会对视频监控过程进行干预。
对连接性的需求：较强，需要维护网络连接以便于进行数据的正确传输。
终端移动性：两极分化。部分终端有很强的移动性；部分终端则通常不移动。
举例：家庭安防中的视频监控等。
（5）远程控制执行器类
平均数据传输速率
上行流量：通常较低，主要用于提供应用所需的过滤或输入条件（如预置事件的发生）；下行流量：取决于控制对象和控制命令的复杂程度。
尖峰数据传输速率：通常具有明显的尖峰数据特征。
QoS要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据安全要求：不同场景间有较大差异，与应用需求有关。
数据可靠传递要求：要求较高，因涉及到控制过程是否能够正常实现。
数据持续性：通常具有长时间的持续性。
与人交互性：高，通常是对人操作指令的具体反映。
对连接性的需求：较强，需要维护网络连接以便于进行数据的正确传输。
终端移动性：两极分化。部分终端有很强的移动性；部分终端则通常不移动。
举例：工业自动化等。
3 M2M业务对现网架构的影响
从对现网架构的影响来说，M2M业务可以分为两类：A类是现有网络不能满足需要网络优化的业务，这类业务需要过载控制功能来避免网络过载，以及针对客户的业务需求提供差别化的服务；B类是对于现有网络影响较小的业务，这类业务是对时效性要求不高的MTC业务，而且这些业务和现在的移动网络业务有类似的需求。从整体来说，M2M业务中大部分是A类业务，以下分析的是A类业务对现网架构的影响[3]。
M2M业务的多样性、差异化，网络的多种接入方式，M2M终端的海量性、差异化，以及M2M业务表现出来的传统电信业务所不具有的各种特点，都对现网架构和网元设备产生了很大影响，其直接后果是现网的核心网元如HLR/PCRF/GGSN的能力已经不能满足M2M业务所带来的信令、流量冲击和业务控制需求，主要体现在以下方面：
（1）由于物联网业务的特殊性，可能会产生瞬时大量的信令，会对无线网络的关键信令控制设备（STP/HLR/PCRF）造成影响而导致全网的瘫痪。因此，一方面要大规模提高相关信令控制设备的容量或设备的信令处理能力；另一方面需要进行差异化、分优先级的接入控制；此外，关键
信令控制和处理设备要具备一定的设备过载保护机制以及高容灾、高流控能力，避免关键网元的过载，从而有效提升整网的可靠性。
（2）由于物联网业务的特殊性，其接入方式的多样性，涉及行业及用户和设备的多样性、海量性，因此需要对用户数据管理HLR网元进行相应增强，包括其数据库的可扩展性和灵活性，除了标准的用户签约信息，还有设备序列号、设备驱动程序信息、位置信息和配额信息等运营商、M2M客户私有字段等；对多种接入类型的支持，可对由不同接入类型（2G/3G/LTE）接入网络的设备进行鉴权；对用户标识和寻址的灵活动态支持，支持一卡多号或一号多卡；支持对终端设备基本状态的查询，能通过网络侧下发终端“苏醒”请求，发现设备被盗时能够立刻锁死等。
（3）由于物联网业务的特殊性及多样性、群组性，因此有必要对业务进行区分，包括业务分类分级、QoS分级、用户分组、设备分组，从而进行流量管理和业务管理，根据忙闲时、地理位置等各种特性采取不同的接入和传输处理策略等。此外，在现网PCC架构中叠加物联网策略控制，因其特殊性，PCRF（Policy and Charging Rules Function，策略与计费规则功能）进行策略控制时需先判断是个人用户还是物联网用户，而且物联网数据的瞬时爆发性会影响现网PCC架构所以有必要设置专用的物联网M2M PCRF。
总之，需要对相关网元进行能力的增强和升级，可以改造现有相关网元，也可以设置M2M的专用网元叠加在现有H2H网络上来解决相应问题。
4 国际标准组织提出的M2M网络架构
国际标准组织如ITU、ETSI和3GPP等分别从不同角度提出了M2M的网络架构[4]。
根据ITU-T发布的定义，物联网体系架构主要可划分为三个层面：感知层、网络层和应用层。如图1所示，该架构基本达成业界共识，但是其体系架构过于抽象属于概念模型，在转化为技术实现的过程中还需要细化。
在ITU-T物联网体系架构的基础上，ETSI提出了一种可看作逻辑模型的M2M应用顶层架构
[5]。如图2所示，ETSI把M2M体系架构划分为M2M设备及网关和M2M网络两个大域。M2M 设备及网关域包括M2M设备、M2M网关和M2M局域网，可以基于现有的各类标准实现；M2M 网络域则包括广域网和M2M应用系统。
相较于ITU的概念模型，ETSI的逻辑模型侧重于M2M服务能力层，通过对服务能力和接口的定义来实现屏蔽网络细节的M2M应用、M2M服务能力及网络三者之间的相互调用，可供在研究平台和网关设备功能及接口时参考。
在ETSI的体系架构基础上，3GPP也提出了一种支持MTC应用的通信架构。如图3所示，涉及到的实体包括MTC终端、承载网络、MTC服务器和MTC应用。其中，MTC服务器是MTC 业务的管理平台；MTC应用负责业务逻辑的实现。承载M2M通信的移动网络包括GPRS、EPC 以及短消息和IMS网络。
3GPP提出的MTC通信架构侧重于M2M网络层，对M2M网络中各通信网元的功能和接口进行了定义，其适用于研究MTC业务的管理平台以及M2M核心网络的功能和接口时参考。
以上标准组织虽然都提出了M2M的网络体系架构，但是有其局限性。ITU和ETSI的架构过于框架性，对于实际的网络部署没有较好的指导意义；3GPP虽然对于网络网元功能增强有一定的研究，但是由于目前部署的H2H网络大多处于R7或R8版本，而MTC网络体系的研究是在R10以上版本的网络基础上进行的。因此，在现有网络中按照标准来部署MTC网络还为时尚早，需要研究一种网络架构既具有在现有网络基础上投资和部署的可行性，又能满足现阶段MTC业务应用的需求。
5 3G网络阶段的M2M网络架构
在现有的3G网络阶段，为解决发展M2M业务面临的网络运营和网络资源问题，运营商可以通过采用物理上隔离的网络来单独承载机器通信业务，在初期可以通过核心网中专设的网元实现业务的隔离，在后期演进也可以延伸到采用专用的接入网实现物联网业务的接入隔离。此外，物联网
管理平台也是物联网解决方案中必不可少的组成部分。物联网管理平台与物联网独立网元配合，在物联网业务发展的初期阶段主要实现物联网独立码号集中管理和物联网业务有效管控等功能。随着物联网的发展，平台的功能也会逐步支撑更多资源管控与更多的业务流程，并开放更多资源及能力。可以根据M2M业务的特性，实现基于位置、时间段、接入类型的QoS控制和相应的计费策略；还可以根据用户的属性及行为进行相应的分组，实行基于群组的流量统计、事件分发和策略执行等，这体现在核心网中PCRF/SPR/M2MSP的功能实现。综上所述，在3G发展阶段，M2M网络架构的特征具体体现在以下四个方面：
（1）在无线接入侧对Wi-Fi、2G、3G、无线传感网络等多种方式的整合，实现移动通信网络对行业应用领域的广覆盖，构建面向行业的M2M移动网络。
（2）在核心侧构建M2M专用的HLR、GGSN、SMSC等网元，实现对M2M等物联网业务的集中运维和管理，并能够实现与“现网”的有效隔离，有利于网络的安全、稳定、扩容及升级。
（3）在核心网中部署M2M专用的PCRF等策略控制网元，利用M2M业务的业务特性和用户属性，实现对网络资源的高效利用和对业务服务的精细支撑。
（4）在核心网中搭建M2M业务支撑平台，实现对业务和终端的统一管理。
在物联网业务发展的初期阶段，考虑针对物联网网络通信需求，进行最小成本隔离：只新建核心网的关键节点，实现网络支撑隔离。对于业务系统，需要单独建设物联网平台，实现业务承载隔离；对于接入网络，则公用，不考虑单独建设。如图4所示，是一种在现网上叠加专用M2M核心网络的架构。在该方案中，与现网共用无线和SGSN，新建物联网专用的GGSN/DPI，通过APN 选路将物联网数据路由到处理物联网数据的GGSN，新建物联网专用的PCRF+SPR，完成对物联网业务的流量、安全、QoS控制，新建物联网专用的HLR进行物联网设备签约信息、标识及安全管理。
3G阶段的M2M网络架构如图5所示。
其中，主要网元的功能如下：
HLR：由于现网的HLR都是支持H2H的HLR，支持的能力和M2M的支持能力还是有所不同。HLR也有自己特殊的一些需求，包括：需要支持群组签约数据能力；支持终端监控（如位置监控、IMEI监控等）能力，支持某个时间段接入控制，支持扩展ID到MSISDN、IMSI的映射能力，支持终端特征签约（如终端的低优先级、是否为PS only等），供SGSN控制UE的行为；HLR 要支持多profile的签约，降低终端漫游时的资费，支持一卡多号和一号多卡的M2M业务。
GGSN：扩展的GGSN需要增强支持基于群组流量统计，基于流的计费信息、QoS策略执行和基于群的事件上报等。
短消息中心：除了现有的短消息的功能外，需要支持短消息完成设备触发的功能，支持在一号多卡的M2M业务中短消息的群发功能。
PCRF：支持群组的策略数据动态下发、更新和删除，支持群组用户的流量监控。
SCP：完成M2M业务中的紧急呼叫等语音呼叫的计费，产生语音呼叫话单。
OCS：实时信用控制、预付费使用数据业务和增值业务实时计费。
M2MSP业务平台：M2M平台为集团客户提供统一的M2M终端管理、终端设备鉴权。提供数据路由、监控、用户鉴权等管理功能；承载信息上报、参数配置、终端状态检测、终端注册等业务功能的短信上下行通道；支持一卡多号和一号多卡的M2M业务，进行动态的号码管理。在实际部署中，物联网业务支撑管理平台按照功能划分为总部平台、省平台两个层面。
6 结语
M2M业务的多样性、差异化以及M2M业务表现出来的传统电信业务所不具有的各种特点，都对现网架构和网元设备产生了很大影响。本文在研究M2M业务特征及其对现网的影响和国际标准组织提出的网络体系架构的基础上，提出了在现有移动通信网络上部署具有可行性，又能一定程度上满足MTC业务应用需求的网络架构。
运营商发展M2M业务的基础与发展移动通信是一致的，在专用的M2M网络架构中，必须长远规划网络资源，根据业务发展实施网络优化和数据分流，加强平台建设，完善网络覆盖，加大网络容量，从根本上满足M2M业务需求，同时又不影响当前的人人通信业务，提高用户体验。
参考文献：
[1] 沈嘉，刘思扬. 针对移动M2M业务的优化技术研究[J]. 现代电信科技，2011（10）：37-44.
[2] 沈嘉，刘思扬. 面向M2M的移动通信系统优化技术研究[J]. 电信网技术，2011（9）：39-46.
[3] 孙其博，刘杰，黎羴，等. 物联网：概念、架构与关键技术研究综述[J]. 北京邮电大学学报，2010（3）：1-9.
[4] 诸瑾文，王艺. 从电信运营商角度看物联网的总体架构和发展[J]. 电信科学，2010（4）：1-5.
[5] 沈苏彬. 物联网技术架构[J]. 中兴通讯技术，2011（1）：8-10.
[Abstract]
article M2M business features and MTC communication network architecture are discussed. Detailed analysis of the M2M business and the impact of the current network architecture, and to draw ISO M2M network architecture, and on this basis in accordance with the present stage network status and the M2M business requirements proposed network architecture for 3G network stage.
[Keywords]
dedicated network elements of the the M2M network architecture the PCRF core network 1 Introduction barter communication (as M2M, smart phone, PDA and Machine to Machine is a process involving one or more entities with no human intervention, data communication, also known as machine type communication (MTC , Machine-Type Communication. With the rapid
development of the M2M business, MTC based on mobile communication network is increasingly becoming a major mobile communication, but the traditional mobile communication network, after all, is for everyone Communications (H2H, Hu-man to human business designed to adapt to the business needs of H2H, but can not meet the business needs
of M2M. Specifically, at MTC and everyone different communication include the following [1]: (1 MTC communication scene scene than H2H communication of rich and differences can be broadly grouped according to the division of features for location-aware and sharing environmental information perception, remote control and execution, data collection publishing, video surveillance, The near-field communication. differentiation of these applications on the one hand the performance of functional diversity, on the other hand is also reflected in the application characteristics, and on the demand for network differentiation.
(2 main data communication, including the small flow of packets, and video streaming.
(3 requirements MTC communication costs than H2H lower. M2M business after H2H business development, minimize cost is an important consideration of the M2M business survival. Different applications because of their different importance of different communication requirements communication, requires a combination of events, the possibility and the need to pay costs to consider cost minimization.
(4M2M huge number of terminals, the need for more flexible and have a strategy terminal management. Potential mass M2M terminal access communication network, and M2M terminals either from the transmission characteristics, QoS requirements, and the mobility of,
or from the distribution density of the terminal, different H2H terminal.
(5 mainly to the small amount of data transmission.
If you continue to use the traditional mobile communication system to MTC communication, efficiency, cost and applicability of the system are not optimal. Therefore, to consider the the
M2M business features while reducing H2H business, in order to design MTC dedicated communication system is an important issue in the context of the current communication continuous development of material objects.
2 M2M business characteristics of the design of the network architecture, network hosted business as the starting point [2] In other words, the the M2M network architecture design need to fully analyze the characteristics and needs of the M2M business, combined with the amount
of the terminal upper and lower rows of data, frequency degrees, QoS requirements and other
aspects of the business characteristics, the application of the Internet of Things is divided into the following five categories. Among them, the analysis of the needs and characteristics of the various types of applications, including mobility, group communication, authentication, and periodic scheduled processing, large differences between different scenes.
(1 monitor alarm class: the sensor local monitoring data, not match the expected data change occurs through the network to notify the application layer alarm.
The average data transfer rate: low, only a small amount of uplink data traffic sent certain trigger conditions.
The peak data transfer rate: The big difference between the different scenes, the application needs to determine the transmission of data content.
QoS requirements: there is a big difference between the different scenarios and application requirements, as well as the meaning of the current data represent.
Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Reliable data transfer requirements: large differences between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Data persistence: low, a short or shorter duration of data transmission is only exist in the event of a preset event.
Interact with people: low, usually handled automatically by the system according to the preset approach.
Connectivity needs: the need for monitoring to prevent the destruction of connectivity or invalid.
Terminal mobility: downstream traffic demand, mobility needs.
Example: a blood transfusion car blood environment monitoring, manhole covers monitoring, mobile asset tracking.
(Upstream traffic data collection class average data transfer rate: in a large amount of data, continuous data reporting or periodic data reporting, downstream flow: low, is used to modify the escalation rules.
The peak data transfer rate: The big difference between the different scenes, the application needs to determine the transmission of data content.
QoS requirements: there is a big difference between the different scenarios and application
requirements, as well as the meaning of the current data represent.
Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Reliable data transfer requirements: large differences between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Data persistence: depends on the data transmission interval and transmission choices. [Paper mesh]
Interact with people: low, usually handled automatically by the system according to the preset approach.
Connectivity needs: the need for monitoring to prevent the destruction of connectivity or invalid.
Terminal mobility: due occasionally downlink data, so it is necessary to optimize the mobility management.
For example: monitoring of meteorological information, the scene of the fire data collection, the collection of traffic information.
Upstream traffic (3 the push class average data transfer rate: usually low, mainly used for filtering or input required to provide application conditions (such as location information, downlink traffic: usually larger, mainly for passing information (such as push advertising, video media, continued, based on the conditions of interaction outside or periodic data push.
The peak data transfer rate: spike data characteristics, under match conditions trigger.
QoS requirements: there is a big difference between the different scenarios and application requirements, as well as the meaning of the current data represent.
Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Reliable data transfer requirements: large differences between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
The data persistence: usually has a longer persistence.
Interact with people: high, usually user feedback, the system based on feedback push information to adjust.
Connectivity needs: a strong need to maintain a network connection in order to carry out the correct transmission of data.
Terminal mobility: polarization. Part of the terminal has a strong mobility and part of the
terminal is typically not mobile.
Example: intelligent Museum.
(4 video monitoring class the average data transfer rate of upstream traffic: H, mainly used for the delivery monitoring of multimedia data, downlink traffic: low, and is mainly used for transmission control and adjustment commands.
The peak data transfer rate: no significant peak data characteristics, data transmission usually maintain a relatively stable transmission rate.
QoS requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Reliable data transfer requirements: at different times have different requirements as in normal circumstances requires moderate, but you need high reliability of delivery in the event of certain pre-event.
The data persistence: usually has a long persistence.
I nteract with people: low, users occasionally would intervene in the process of video surveillance. Connectivity needs: a strong need to maintain a network connection in order to carry out the correct transmission of data.
Terminal mobility: polarization. Part of the terminal has a strong mobility and part of the terminal is typically not mobile.
Examples: home security video surveillance.
(5 remote control actuator class average data transfer rate of upstream traffic: usually low, mainly required for application filtering or input conditions (such as preset events downstream traffic: Depending on the complexity of the control object and control command level.
Peak data transfer rate: typically have a significant peak data characteristics.
QoS requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Data security requirements: the big difference between the different scenarios, and application requirements.
Reliable data transfer requirements: demanding, whether involved in the control process
normally achieve.
The data persistence: usually has a long persistence.
Interact with people: high, usually reflect the specific operating instructions.
Connectivity needs: a strong need to maintain a network connection in order to carry out the correct transmission of data.
Terminal mobility: polarization. Part of the terminal has a strong mobility and part of the terminal is typically not mobile.
Example: industrial automation.
3 M2M business impact of the current network architecture from the existing network architecture, M2M business can be divided into two categories: A class is the existing network can not meet the need for network optimization business, this type of business need to avoid overload control function network overload, as well as to provide differentiated services for customers' business needs, class B is for existing networks affect small business, type of business is less demanding timeliness MTC business, and these businesses and mobile network business similar demand from the whole, most of the M2M business is a Class A business, the following analysis is a Class A business impact of the current network architecture [3].
The M2M business diversity, difference, multiple network access methods, M2M terminals massive difference, as well as the the M2M business performance of traditional telecommunications business does not have a variety of characteristics of the current network structure and network The metadevice direct consequence of the core network elements of the existing network and the as HLR / PCRF / GGSN ability to not meet the M2M business signaling, traffic impact and business control needs, mainly reflected in the following aspects : (1 due to the particularity of the IOT business, may produce instantaneous large amount of signaling, key signaling interested wireless network control device (STP / HLR / PCRF impact lead to paralysis of the whole network. Thus, on the one hand, to a large scale control equipment capacity or equipment to improve the related signaling the signaling processing power, on the other hand need to be differentiated sub-priority access control and key signaling control and processing equipment to have certain equipment overload protection mechanism overload as well as the high disaster recovery, high flow control capability to avoid critical network elements, in order to effectively improve the reliability of the entire network.
(2 due to the special nature of the Internet of Things business, the diversity of access methods, involving industry and user and device diversity, mass, corresponding enhanced user data
management HLR NE, including its database scalability contract information, as well as the device serial number and flexibility, in addition to the standard user, device driver information, location information and quota information operators, M2M customers private field, support for multiple access types can by different access types (2G/3G/LTE access network devices to authenticate the user identification and addressing flexible and dynamic support, support more than one card or multiple cards, 1 to support the basic state of the terminal equipment query issued terminal "wake up" request, found that the device is stolen through the network side can immediately locked.
(3 due to the special nature of the business of things, and diversity, group sex, so it is necessary to distinguish the business, including business segment classification, QoS classification, user grouping, grouping of devices, traffic management, and business management, according to busy leisure, location and other characteristics take the access and transmission of different treatment strategies, etc. In addition, the existing network PCC architecture the superposition of Things policy control, because of its particularity, PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function, strategy and policy control, charging rules function when first determine the individual users of Things User the instantaneous explosive Internet of Things data will affect the existing network PCC architecture, it is necessary to set up a dedicated Internet of Things M2M PCRF.
In short, the need for relevant network elements to enhance and upgrade ability, can transform the existing NE superimposed on existing H2H network dedicated M2M network elements can be set up to resolve the problems.
4 M2M network architecture ISO ISO ITU, ETSI and 3GPP from different angles proposed the M2M network architecture [4].
According to the ITU-T definition of Things architecture can be divided into three levels: perception layer, network layer and application layer as shown in Figure 1, the architecture industry basically reached consensus, but its architecture concept too abstract belong The model also need to refine the process of transforming technology. Based on ITU-T Internet of Things architecture, ETSI top M2M applications architecture one can be seen as a logical model [5], as shown in Figure 2, ETSI M2M architecture is divided into M2M devices and gateways two large domains of M2M network. M2M devices including M2M devices, M2M gateways and M2M LAN and gateway domain can be implemented based on existing standards of all kinds, including WAN and M2M applications M2M network domain system.
Compared to the conceptual model of the ITU, ETSI logic model focuses on M2M
service capability layer, definition of service capabilities and interfaces to the shielded network details M2M applications, M2M service capabilities and network among each other call can be for reference in the research platform and gateway device functionality and interface.
Architecture based on the ETSI, 3GPP also proposed a support MTC application communication architecture shown in Figure 3, relates to the entity comprising the MTC terminal bearer network, MTC server and MTC application wherein, MTC server is MTC business management platform, the MTC application is responsible for the business logic to achieve hosting M2M communication mobile networks including GPRS, the EPC and a short message and IMS network.
3GPP MTC communication architecture focuses on the the M2M network layer, defined M2M network communication functions and interfaces of the network elements, and its application to the study MTC business management platform and M2M core network functionality and interface reference when.
Although the above standards organizations have raised the the M2M network architecture, but has its limitations. ITU and ETSI architecture overly framework for the actual deployment of the network is not good, 3GPP Network Element feature enhancements to some research, but because of the H2H network deployed mostly in the R7 or R8 version, the the MTC network system is carried out in the network on the basis of the R10 above. therefore, in accordance with the standards in the existing network to deploy the MTC network also for early, you need to study a network architecture that has both the feasibility of investment in the existing network infrastructure and deployment, but also to meet the needs of this stage MTC business applications.
5 3G network stage the M2M network architecture in existing 3G network stage, to resolve the problem of the development of M2M business facing network operators and network resources, operators can physically isolated network to a separate host machine communications business at an early stage can isolation business network through dedicated core network elements, in the latter part of the evolution of isolation can also be extended to the dedicated access network access business of things. addition, the Internet of Things platform is also essential solutions of Things fewer component. matter networking management platform with the matter networking independent network element tie, in the early stages of the Internet of Things business development of major realization matter networking independent code No. centralized management and substance networking business effective control and other functions. With the development of the Internet of Things, platform functionality will gradually support more control of resources and business processes, and open up more resources and the ability, based
on location, time period, access type QoS control and billing can be based on the characteristics of the M2M business strategy can also be based on the properties and behavior of the user packet, the implementation of group-based traffic statistics, event distribution and policy enforcement, which reflects the realization the functionality of PCRF/SPR/M2MSP core network. sum up, In the development stage of 3G, M2M network architecture of the characteristics embodied in the following four aspects:
(1 Wi-Fi, 2G, 3G, wireless sensor networks and other wireless access side integration to achieve the wide coverage of mobile communication network of industry applications, building industry M2M mobile network.
(2 M2M dedicated to build on the core side HLR, GGSN, SMSC, NE, centralized operation and maintenance and management of the M2M business of things, and can be achieved with existing network isolation, is conducive to the security of the network, stability, expansion and upgrade.
(3 deploy M2M core network dedicated PCRF policy control network, take advantage of the the M2M business of business characteristics and user attributes, fine support of the efficient use of network resources and business services.
(4 structures in the core network the M2M business support platform to achieve unified management of the business and terminal.
In the early stages of the business development of the Internet of Things, considering the demand for the Internet of Things network communication, minimum costs isolation: only the new key node of the core network, network support isolation of Things platform for business systems require a separate building, service bearer isolation , for the access network, the public, without considering separate construction shown in Figure 4, is a the current online superimposed dedicated M2M core network architecture with existing networks in this embodiment, the shared wireless and SGSN, New IOT dedicated GGSN / DPI, APN routing to the Internet of Things data routing GGSN processing of Things data, new Internet of Things dedicated the PCRF + SPR flow of the business of things, security, QoS control, dedicated New Internet of Things The HLR physical networking equipment contract information, identity and security management.
The 3G stage M2M network architecture is shown in Figure 5.
Among them, the major network element functions as follows:
HLR: the existing network HLR supports H2H HLR support capabilities and M2M support or different.HLR also have their own special needs, including: the need to support the group signed data capacity, support terminal monitor (as position monitoring, IMEI monitoring capabilities, access control, support for a period of time to support the expansion of ID to MSISDN, IMSI mapping capabilities to support the terminal characteristics (such as low-end priority, whether the PS only, such as for SGSN control UE contract behavior, HLR to support multi-profile signing, lower terminal roaming charges, to support more than one card at multi-card M2M business.
GGSN: Extended GGSN needs enhanced support group traffic statistics, billing information flow-based QoS policy enforcement and group-based event reporting.
The short message service center: In addition to the functions of the existing short messages, short message needs to support the completion of the functionality of the device trigger support Message listserv One more card M2M business.
PCRF: support group policy data dynamically issued, update, and delete support group user traffic monitoring.
SCP: Complete billing the M2M business emergency call voice call, a voice call, then single.
The OCS: real-time credit control, pre-paid to use the real-time billing data services and value-added business.
The M2MSP business platform: the M2M terminals M2M platform for the Group's customers to provide unified management, terminal equipment Authentication. Provides data routing, monitoring, user authentication and management functions, carrying information reporting, configuration parameters, the detection of the state of the terminal, terminal registration and other business functions SMS uplink and downlink channels to support more than one card, and One multi-card M2M business, dynamic management of the number in the actual deployment of Things business support management platform is divided according to the function as the headquarters of the platform, Province platform two levels.
6 Conclusion M2M business diversity, differentiation and M2M business performance from traditional telecommunications business does not have a variety of characteristics, the existing network architecture and network element equipment had a significant impact research M2M business characteristics and its network architecture based on the impact on the existing network and ISO deployment is feasible on the existing mobile communication network to meet the MTC business application needs of network architecture, but also to a certain extent.
The foundation and development of mobile communications carriers developing M2M business is consistent, dedicated M2M network architecture, network resources must be long-term planning, according to the business development of network optimization and data distribution, to strengthen the platform construction, improve the network coverage and increase network capacity fundamentally to meet the M2M business
通信工程专业导论论文
通信工程导论 论文题目 院系 专业 班级 学号 学生姓名 联系方式 年月 摘要 通信工程专业与信息的联系是密不可分的。信息是可以描述的客观现象，且具有一定物理含义的消息或知识，信息是可以用数值、文字、声音、图像等形式描述的状态，信息是用数据作为载体来描述和表达的客观现象，信息是对数据加工提炼的结果，是对人类有用的知识，信息是隐含在物理信号中具有一定含义的消息，信号处理的目的是为了从信号中获取有用的知识。信息技术的内涵包括传感，通信和计算机。主要分为两类：一类是管理信息系统；另一类是指面对自然科学领域的工程。 关键词：通信，技术，系统，光纤、数字微波、卫星、移动、3G、4G、CDMA 引言 在经过李老师的精彩讲解之后，我对通信工程专业有了更加清晰的认识，了解了通信专业的发展，我国目前通信产业的现状以及未来发展的方向。使我对自己未来大学四年的规划，目标更加明确。其中老师主要介绍了通信行业的发展趋势、通信系统的组成、通信工程专业的培养目标、通信工程专业的课程体系还有
与我们息息相关的生活方面的建议、简单说说毕业后的去向。在此表示衷心感谢！在科技发展如此迅速的今天，通信业在社会中占据着不可替代的地位，各种各样的信息每天都在变换着。何谓信息？不知道有多少人知道。从古老的结绳记事，烽火传烟，飞鸽传书，到当前的手机，网络，电话等等通信方式，人们的通信方式发生了翻天覆地的变化，变的更加方便，快捷，舒适，给人类的沟通带来了无与伦比的便捷，缩短了时空的距离，提高了沟通的效率，为经济发展全球化铺上了高速通道。可以说通信方式的发展促进了时代的进步，当然这离不开科技的发展，更重要的是离不开一门专业——通信工程的发展。合肥学院独具特色的第二课堂管理体系，使我校的办学能力不断的提升，下面将进行介绍。胡国华老师对我们通信工程专业的发展及就业方向、发展前景也进行了详细的介绍。下面我将给大家详细介绍。 目录 一、引子： (1) 二、通信工程的含义： (1) 三、通信工程专业的培养目标： (3) “平台+模块”形式的课程体系： (3) 四个平台+ 三个方向： (4) 四个平台 (4) （1）通识基础教育平台； (4) 三个方向 (4) 四、通信工程专业发展趋势和毕业生去向： (5) 光纤通信发展前景 (5) 无线通信发展前景 (5) 就业现状: (6) 就业前景: (6) 五、通信工程实验室建设背景： (7) 2、通信工程实训中心实验室建设内容 (7) 六、开设的实训项目 (7)
通信工程专业英语教学内容
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