谈英语幽默的翻译
目录
摘要 (1)
关键词 (1)
一、引言 (1)
二、英语幽默的常用手法 (1)
(一)双关 (1)
（二）滑稽定义 (2)
（三）急智 (2)
（四）风趣的语言 (2)
三、英语幽默的翻译策略 (3)
（一）直译法 (3)
（二）归化法 (3)
（三）功能翻译法 (4)
（四）注释法 (4)
四、结语 (4)
参考文献: (6)
浅谈英语幽默的翻译
摘要:英语幽默是英语世界的重要组成部分,它蕴涵了英语语言的精华,体现了英美文化的习惯。本文先谈到了英语幽默的常用手法,进而论述了英语幽默的翻译策略,如功能翻译、归化、直译和注释法等。
关键词:英语幽默；功能翻译；归化
一、引言
幽默是一种语言现象,也是一种文化现象。对于英语学习者而言,能否看懂并欣赏英语中的幽默是衡量其英语水平的一个标志。幽默是每个民族共有的,但不同民族的幽默差异很大。幽默往往与宗教信仰、意识形态、社会观念、政治制度、文化习俗等密切相关。因此,研究英语幽默翻译具有很大的现实意义。语言很神秘，能启动人的情绪。使人感受阳刚之气，也能使人感受阴柔之美；使人的情绪高昂，也能使人的情绪沉郁；让人哭，也能让人笑；哭的时候或因同情，或因难过，或有感于崇高的思想或行为；笑的时候或因可爱，或因滑稽，或因语言或行为所表现出来的机智(wit) 与幽默(humor)。但为语言的这些功能定义，很是不容易，"幽默"就是一例。copyright dedecms
什么是"幽默"，人人都知道。但确切地说什么是"幽默"，不太容易。《现代汉语词典》里说："有趣或可笑而意味深长。"从直观、直觉上看，这个解释倒也通俗、简练，一看就懂，但仍有进一步探讨的余地。休&#;霍尔曼(C. Hugh Holman) 在他编写的 A Handbook to Literature ()里，将"humor"和"wit"放在"Wit and Humor"一个词条之下。他认为，谈"humor"不能脱离"wit"，因为这二者很相似。关于"幽默"，他说："Humor implies a sympathetic recognition of human values and deals with the foibles and incongruities of human nature, good-naturedly exhibited
二、英语幽默的常用手法
(一)双关
双关语是幽默的主要手法,许多幽默语言就是建立在双关语的基础上。双关语常从语音、语意、句法三个层次体现出来。
(1)语音双关
语音双关是由同音或近音的词引起两个或两个以上的理解。如:A lady and her young son,Reid,were browsing in alarge bookstore.Engrossed in making a selection,she hadlost sight of her child"Reid",so she called out"Reid".Just as she spotted the boy,she bumped into anothercustomer."Pardon me,Madam,"he said,"but most folkscome here because they already like to read.No sense inwasting your time trying to convince them.""Reid"(人名)和"read"音近。看来这位绅士很有幽默感,他把女士寻找孩子的呼喊理解成对顾客读书的敦促,开了个玩笑,
这样既消除了撞人者的尴尬,也消释了自己被撞的不快。
(2)语意双关
语意双关是由多义词造成的不同理解。如:Artillery Commander:Fire at will!Recruit:Where is Will?此句"at will"意为"自由地",而新兵把"Fire at will"理解成向名叫"Will"的人开炮。幽默油然而生。
(3)句法双关
句法双关是由于某个句法在一定的语境中可以被理解为两个单位的修饰语而造成歧义,引发联想,构成幽默。如:A clergyman and a barber quarreling,the former said,"You have lived like knave,and you will die like knave.""Then,"said the latter,"you'll bury me like a knave.""like a knave"作为"me"的修饰语时,句意是"你就把我当成恶棍埋了";若视为"bury"修饰语,则句子意为"你就像恶棍一样把我埋了"。
（二）滑稽定义
这种手法是以尖刻睿智的定义精辟地描述某一事物的本质,反映作者对该事物超乎常人的看法。安布罗斯·毕尔斯的《魔鬼定义》(Devil's Definitions)堪称滑稽定义的经典。如:Presidency:The greatest pig in the field game ofAmerican politics.
（三）急智
运用急智化解困境是人生的艺术,它是一个人文化素质和智力水平的体现。如:Leading a donkey,a small boy passed by an Armycamp.A couple of soldiers wanted to have some fun withthe lad."What are you holding onto your brother so tight for,sonny?"asked one of them."So he won't join the Army."The youngster repliedwithout blinking an eye.
（四）风趣的语言
1.句子简短
大部分句子简短，特别是每个段落的头一句，格外短。全篇分十二个段落，其中十个段落都是短句开头。短的三、五字，长的不超过十字，这是很值得注意的现象。句子短，节奏必然快。快节奏产生特别的效果，这和文章的内容有直接关系。文章主要是描写瘦人为争分夺秒而忙忙碌碌、事不分轻重但总是认真、紧张的样子。如，They say things like"there aren't enough hours in the day"，They have their skinny little acts together。句子长短问题属形式范畴。形式为内容服务、形式与内容统一，这篇文章是一个很好的例子。
2.语言形象化
对胖人和瘦人的观察很仔细，描写时除了使用一些形容词之外，还特别注重观察人物的行为动作，所刻画的形象真实生动，很成功。如() Long after fat people have removed their coats and shoes and put their feet up on the coffee table, thin people are still sitting on the edge of the sofa, looking neat as a pin, discussing rutabagas. () Fat people are heavily into fits of laughter, slapping their things and whooping it up, while thin people are still politely waiting for
the punch line. () They're forever rubbing their bony hands together and eyeing new problems to "tackle". They hold up one finger at a time as they reel off these things, so I won't lose track. They speak slowly as if to a young child。织梦内容管理系统
3.头韵
语言的声音是有意义的，不仅象声词如此，普通词汇也一样，经过作者安排也能产生预想的效果。比如，They expound, prognose, probe, and prick 一句里，有三个以辅音连缀(consonant cluster)"pr"开头的词，它们单独出现时，所显现的不过是其在特定上下文里的自身意义而已。当三者以这种式一块出现时，它们所显现的是作者所赋予它们的意义。以清辅音"pr"连缀重复出现形成的头韵所产生的效果和作者对瘦人的整体描写所产生的效果是一致的，如文章所说，() They are crunchy and dull, like carrots.() They have their skinny little acts together。在最后一段里，作者描写胖人时，使用了一连串以浊辅音"g"开头的单词，gab, giggle, guffaw, galumph, gyrate, gossip, generous, giving, gallant, gluttonous, goodly, great。这些单词里的"g"多与元音构成音节，其声音效果给人的感觉和"pr"不一样，用"g"开头的单词构成的头韵所描画的胖人跟他们的性格特征很符合
三、英语幽默的翻译策略
译者首先能欣赏幽默,然后将源语中的幽默译入到目的语中去。因此,英语幽默翻译工作者必须同时具备较高的中英语言素质。至于幽默语言的翻译策略,仁者见仁,智者见智。笔者认为,对于描述情景性的幽默,因其可译性较强,可采取直译法;对于较难翻译的幽默语言可采取归化、功能翻译法和注释法等。
（一）直译法
直译法直译即字面翻译特别适合不体现民族特色且语句寻常的幽默和情景幽默的翻译。情景幽默是指语言本身并不含幽默因素,但当它被置于一定的语言氛围中,便会产生独特的幽默魅力。如:A drunk walks into the elevator(there is no elevatorthere),falls five stories down and lands on the bottom.Lying there for a few seconds,he slowly opens his eyes,and then says,"Damned,I said UP." 这则故事的幽默体现在最后一句"他妈的,我是说往上走。"读者读到此句时会忍俊不禁。该句之所以谐谑多趣,是因为它嵌在一定的语境中。若其处于孤零零的状态,则毫无幽默可言。一般情况下,此类以情景取胜的幽默语言就其表层结构而言通常是不体现变异风格或表达技巧的字句,因此常可直译。
（二）归化法
同归化二十世纪七十年代以来,翻译研究出现了两个明显的趋向一是翻译理论深深打上了交际理论的烙印;二是从重视语言的转换转向重视文化的转换。两种倾向的结合,翻译被视为是一种跨文化交际行为。翻译与文化密切相关,译者该怎样处理翻译中的文化因素呢?对此,翻译界产生了两种完全相反的意见,即"异化"与"归化"。前者主张译文应以源语或原文
作者为归宿,后者则认为译文应以目的语或译文读者为归宿。笔者认为,当幽默语言具有强烈的民族语言文化特色时,最好采用归化手法,译文中才会体现原文中的幽默。如:A famed Chinese diplomat attended a gala receptionin Washington in the earlypart of the day.A Senate lady,trying to start a polite conversation,asked,"Mr.Wang,what'nese'are you?Chinese,Japanese,oJavanese?""Chinese",hereplied,"and
you,madam?What'kee'areyou?Monkey,donkey,or Y ankee?"中国某知名外交官出席了上午早些时候在华盛顿举行的招待会。一位女议员故作文雅,问道:"王先生,请问你是什么'人'?中国人,日本人还是爪哇人?""中国人,"他回答说,"夫人,你呢?你是什么'老'?老猴,老驴还是老美?"该例中"nese"和"kee"以语音和内容双重身份出现的语言现象具有很强的民族性,很难译成汉语。在译文中,译者将"nese"处理为"人",将"kee(key)"处理为"老",显然采用了归化法。这样译文也再现了原文的谐趣。
(三)功能翻译法
功能翻译理论认为翻译本质上是一种比较、介绍和吸收文化的交际活动,是不同民族人们进行文化交往的一个重要媒介,它要求译者必须考虑译文的目的。近些年翻译理论学家们倡导翻译的重心应该转移到翻译的功能上。V ermeer(1996)认为翻译的功能是决定翻译策略的主要标准。他提出的目的论认为:译文和原文的功能可以相同,也可以不同。译者的任务就是基于具有某种特定功能的原文创作一个能满足译文读者文化期待的新文体。如:A:what makes a road broad?B:The letter"B".A:什么会使门变阔?B:"活"字呗!在该例中,原文的幽默在于拆字修辞格的使用,因此译者也采用同样的修辞格并结合功能翻译法,保持了原文的幽默情趣。幽默文本的目的不在于表情达意、传递信息,而在于营造一种搞笑的轻松氛围。当幽默的语言形成具有实用意义时,若想再现原文的幽默,那么译者就应尊重译文读者的文化期待,设法使译文读者得到尽可能接近原文读者的感受。
(四)注释法
由于某些幽默语言具有浓厚的民族文化特色,因此在目的语中很难找到与之吻合或对应的语言将原文中的幽默保留下来,于是译者只好用加注释的办法来翻译。如:Donna:He's so romantic.Every time he speaks tome he starts with"fair lady".Tina:Romantic,my eye.He used to be a bus driver.多娜:他真浪漫,他每次跟我说话总是先说声:"漂亮女士"。泰娜:浪漫,哼!他以前是个司机。注释:司机提醒女乘客买票时常说"Fare,lady."多娜听成了"Fair lady"。通过注释,译文读者便可领悟其中的诙谐幽默。然而,幽默是只能会意而不能加注的,经过注释法处理的幽默即便不是情趣索然,至少也是魅力大减。所以,笔者认为注释法是一种不是办法的办法,是译者有时不得已而为之的办法。但无论如何,它仍不失为幽默翻译的一种策略。
四、结语
综上所述,英语幽默的翻译虽然存在着很大的困难,但翻译工作者在英语幽默面前决不
是无所作为的。译者应首先能识别和欣赏幽默语言,然后大胆地使用适当的翻译策略,并进行较为周全的分析和准确的判断。这样译者一旦确定了翻译目的,就会很快确定对原文的取舍和传译的手法,充分调动目的语中有关文化、语句和修辞等方面的手段,从而在目的语文本里准确有效地再现源语的幽默效果。
功能翻译理论以目的理论为核心,提出了较为可行的翻译程式,对翻译有很大的指导作用。跳出了直译派、意译派相互攻击的圈子,呈现出更大的理论包容性。翻译幽默的文本,需要着重考虑接受的有关文化因素,同时要注意把握目的语读者的接受心理。有关目的语系统所固有的价值观念、文化取向和审美习俗等诸方面,都需要进行较为周全的分析并做出准确的判断,这样译者一旦选定了翻译目的,就会很快确定对原文的取舍和传译的手法,充分调动目的语有关文化、语句和修辞等方面的手段,从而在目的语文本里准确有效地传递源语的幽默效果。
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[3]何高大.英语幽默故事欣赏[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2000.
[4]蒋学军.论英语幽默语言的翻译[J].南华大学学报,2001,(3).
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励志小故事(中英文对照)
2上帝那里没有现成的果实 三个人千辛万苦找到了上帝，请求他给予帮助。上帝问他们各需要什么。第一个人说他要一座大宅院；第二个人说，他要一个农庄；第三个人说他要一块大金条。上帝说他可以满足他们的需要。于是上帝给了第一个人一堆砖头，给了第二个人一把种子，给了第三个人一把沙子。 No Ready-made Fruit in God’s Hand Three guys finally got the God through trials and errors. They were eager to ask God for help. Right after the God asked what they want, the first man claim a big courtyard, the second a farmstead, and the third a bar of gold. God promised them. At last, the first man was given a pile of bricks, the second a bag of seed and the third a mass of sand. 3虫子的压力 有这么一种虫子，它的体长还不到一毫米，也许因为在电子显微镜下看起来像一头黑熊，所以人们叫它雄虫。它主要生活在淡水的沉渣，潮湿土壤以及苔藓植物的水膜中。最近日本冈山大学物理学家小野文久发现了一个惊人的现象：当20只小熊虫被放入密封的容器内，在实验室制造的7.5万个大气压下，20只熊虫只有两只死亡，其余的18只安然无恙。7.5万个大气压！它相当于每平方豪米要承受700多千克重物的压力，它足以上淀粉瞬间变性，生米顷刻为熟饭。自然条件下，地球上也只有180千米的地幔深处才拥有如此大的压力。 至今没有人能弄清楚熊虫为何如此能忍。不只是出于对这种超强生命力的尊重还是怀疑，有人叫它地狱之虫。一个长度不超过1毫米的微不足道的虫子，能承受命运给他如此的压力，相比较而言，我们这些自称是高级动物，智慧生命，万物之灵的人呢？在人的现实生活中，有多少小小的心结，小小的压力构成我们所谓的生存压力。在这样的压力下又有多少悲观失落之人将美好的人生称作地狱？现在一比才觉得，其实我们的压力就好比是真空，我饿美女的地狱就是天堂中的天堂。在那一刻，我在心里默默地鞠了一躬，不是为熊虫，而是感谢造物主没有把这样的压力降在人间。 W orm’s Pressure This is a worm whose body is no less than one millimeter. It is called 熊虫(XC) perhaps for the reason that it looks like a black bear under the microscop. The XC usually habited in the slurry of fresh water, wet soil and the 水膜of moss plants. Recently, there was an amazing news discovered by 日本冈山大学物理学家小野文久: when 20 little XC were placed in a sealed container under the 7.5 万个大气压making in experiment condition, there were only two died and the other 18 have no trouble at all. 7.5 万个大气压, equal to over 700 kilogram stress per square meter, which is powerful enough to它足以上淀粉瞬间变性and the rice ready to eat. In natural condition, this pressure can only be found in the 地幔beneath the earth 180 kilogram. Till now, nobody have an idea about the tolerance of XC. Someone also call it worm of hell out of admiration or suspicion. A worm, with its length less than one
英语幽默笑话故事带翻译
英语幽默笑话故事带翻译 篇一：英语短文笑话(带翻译) 1、How much English can you speak? "Your Honor, I want to bring to your attention how unfair it is for my client to be accused of theft. He arrived in New York City a week ago and barely knew his way around. What's more, he only speaks a few words of English." The judge looked at the defendant and asked, "How much English can you speak?" The defendant looked up and said, "Give me your wallet!" 中文翻译 "法官先生，我的当事人被指控偷窃，这是多么不公正啊。他一周前才来到纽约，几乎不认路。而且，他只会说几个英语单词。" 法官看了看被告，问道："你会说多少英文？" 被告抬起头，说："把你的钱包给我！" 2 A husband, proving to his wife that women talk more than men, showed her a study which indicated that men use on average only 15000 words a day, whereas women use 30000 words a day. She thought about this for a while and then told her husband that women use twice as many words as men because they have to repeat everything they say. He said, "What?" 丈夫给妻子看了一项调查结果，为了向她证明女人比男人啰嗦。研究表明男人平均每天使用15000个字，而女人每天使用30000个。 妻子想了一会儿说，女人每天说的字数是男人的两倍，因为她们必须重复已经说过的话。他问："什么？" 3 Boy: Is this seat empty? Girl: Yes, and this one will be if you sit down. 男孩：这个座位是空的么？ 女孩：是的，如果你坐下，我的座位也将是空的。 4、 "Tom, what's the matter with your brother?" asked the mother in the kitchen. "He's crying." "Oh, nothing, Mum," replied Tom. "I'm eating my cake. He is crying because I won't give him any." "But has he finished his own cake?" "Yes." said Tom. "And he also cried when I was helping him finish that." "汤姆，你弟弟怎么了？" 妈妈在厨房里问。"他在哭。" "没事儿，妈妈，" 汤姆答道。"我在吃我的蛋糕。他哭是因为我不给他吃。" "他已经吃完自己的了么？" "是的。" "我帮他吃完时，他也哭了。"
非常搞笑的英语翻译
非常搞笑的英语翻译标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]
非常搞笑的英语翻译 很多人说起一些中式英语，常常令人啼笑皆非，下面是网友收集的一些经典的中式英语笑话，当然很多是杜撰的，看看你听说过几条 How are you How old are you 怎么是你，怎么老是你 You have seed. I will give you some color to see see. Brothers！Together up! 你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，兄弟们，一起上！ Dragon born dragon, chicken born chicken, mouse"s son can make hole! 龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞！ Chickens That Did Not Have Sexual Experience 童子鸡 You ask me，me ask who 你问我，我问谁 Heart flower angry open. 心花怒放 Horse horse tiger tiger. 马马虎虎 Good good study, day day up. 好好学习，天天向上 No three no four. 不三不四
Know is know, noknow is noknow. 知之为知之，不知为不知 If you want money, I have no; if you want life, I have one! 要钱没有，要命一条 watch sister 表妹 fire big 火大 As far as you go to die. 有多远，死多远 We two who and who 咱俩谁跟谁 people moumtain people sea 人山人海 但是最近我在海外华人论坛上看到流传一组照片，是外国人的英译中文，更加令人捧腹。有美国网友在搭乘皇家加勒比海(Royal Caribbean)邮轮出游时，发现邮轮上菜单的翻译十分搞笑。 这份菜单上有着多国语言的翻译，有网友说，这根本就是Google翻译再版，例如英式烟肉(English Bacon)被直译为“英语培根”，而全脂牛奶(Regular Milk)则被翻成“规则牛奶”，绿豆汤(Green Spilt Pea Soup)变成“绿分裂豌豆汤”。 不仅如此，更夸张的还有，新鲜时令蔬菜(Garden Greens)竟然被翻译成“花园成为绿色”，最离谱的就是，鸡肉磨菇挞(Chicken and Mushroom tart)成了“胆小和
短篇励志英语美文摘抄带翻译【三篇】
短篇励志英语美文摘抄带翻译【三篇】 导读：本文短篇励志英语美文摘抄带翻译【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 短篇励志英语美文：A Better Tomorrow People often wonder why historians go to so much trouble to preserve millions of books, documents and records. Why do we have libraries? What good are these documents and history books? Why do we record and save the actions of men, the negotiations1 of government officials and the events during wars? We do it because, sometimes, the voice of experience can cause us to stop, look and listen. Sometimes, past records, when understood in the right way, can help us decide what to do and what not to do. If we are ever to create lasting peace, we must seek its origins in human experience and in the records of human history. From the stories of courage and devotion of men and women, we create the inspirations of youth. History records the suffering, the self-denial2, the devotion, and the heroic deeds of people in the past. These records can help us when we are confused and when we really need peace.
英语短篇幽默小故事
英语短篇幽默小故事 篇一：英语幽默小故事10篇. 英语幽默小故事10篇(带翻译)如下： Midway Tactics Three competing store owners rented adjoining shops in a mall. Observers waited for mayhem to ensue. The retailer on the right put up huge signs saying, "Gigantic Sale!" and "Super Bargains!"The store on the left raised bigger signs proclaiming, "Prices Slashed!" and "Fantastic Discounts!" The owner in the middle then prepared a large sign that simply stated, "ENTRANCE".中间战术 三个互相争生意的商店老板在一条商业街上租用了毗邻的店铺。旁观者等着瞧好戏。右边的零售商挂起了巨大的招牌，上书：“大减价!”“特便宜!” 左边的商店挂出了更大的招牌，声称：“大砍价!”“大折扣!” 中间的商人随后准备了一个大招牌，上面只简单地写着：“入口处”。 Very Pleased to Meet You During World War II, a lot of young women in Britain were in the army. Joan Phillips was one of them. She worked in a big camp, and of course met a lot of men, officers and soldiers.
英语小故事,带翻译
英语小故事,带翻译.txt你不能让所有人满意，因为不是所有的人都是人成功人士是—在牛B 的路上，一路勃起你以为我会眼睁睁看着你去送死吗？我会闭上眼睛的中秋节来历（英文版）The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon, around the time of the autumn equinox(秋分). Many referred to it simply as the "Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon". 农历8月15日是中国的中秋节，接近秋分时节。很多人将中秋节简单的理解为与“8月15的月亮”相关。 This day was also considered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. Food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, pomegranates(石榴), melons, oranges and pomelos(柚子) might be seen. Special foods for the festival included moon cakes, cooked taro(芋头)and water caltrope(菱角), a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro be included because at the time of creation, taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight. Of all these foods, it could not be omitted from the Mid-Autumn Festival. The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness, resembled Western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds(西瓜子), lotus seeds(莲籽), almonds(杏仁), minced meats, bean paste, orange peels and lard(猪油). A golden yolk(蛋黄) from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally, thirteen moon cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a "complete year," that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary(闰月的) moon. uUlsda E The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty(1066 B.C.-221 B.C.), people hold ceremonies to greet winter and worship the moon whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival sets in. It becomes very prevalent in the Tang Dynasty(618-907 A.D.) that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people send round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of family reunion. When it becomes dark, they look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing on lakes to celebrate the festival. Since the Ming (1368-1644 A.D. ) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911A.D.), the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration becomes unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appear some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense(熏香), planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. However, the custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, but it is not less popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in, people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home, and extending all of their best wishes to them. Moon Cakes月饼