人教版高中英语必修重点词汇、短语、句型、语法

人教版高中英语必修重点词汇、短语、句型、语法
人教版高中英语必修重点词汇、短语、句型、语法

人教版高中英语必修重点词汇、短语、句型、语法

【重点句型】

1. Please make sure when and where the accident took place.

请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。

2. Some festival are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.

还有一些节日,是为了纪念死者、满足或取悦祖先,因为(祖先们)有可能回到世上帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。

3. In Japan the festival is called Obon,when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.(非限制性定语从句)

在日本,这个节叫孟兰盆节,在这个节日里,人们要上坟、扫墓、烧香,以缅怀祖先。

4. They dress up and try to frighten people.

他们乔装打扮去吓唬别人。

5. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick.

如果你什么也不打发给孩子,他们可能会捉弄别人。

6. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma

Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ s independence from Britain.

在印度,10月2日是纪念马哈特马.甘地的全国性节日,他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。

7. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.

最富生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。

8. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.

整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红色的雪。

【语法总结】

情态动词

定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义、但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。

情态动词数量不多,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.

一. can和could的用法

1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。

注意:①could也可表示请求,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can。

②can表示能力时,还可用be able to代替。

2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)

3. can(could) + have + 过去分词的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。

4. 用在疑问句及否定句中,表示惊讶,不相信等。

5. cannot too...表示无论怎样也不过分

二. may和might的用法

1. 表示许可。

表示请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时(口语中常用) no , you can t . or , yes, please 用mustn t表示不可以、禁止、阻止之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)。

用May I 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。

2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。

3. 表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。

4. may(might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去发生的行为的推测。

三. must和have to的用法

1. 表示必须、必要。(must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些)

回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn t,而要用needn t 或don t have to。

2. must be + 表语的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。

3. must + have + 过去分词的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。

4. have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定。

注意:have to也可拼做have got to。

四. dare和need的用法

1. need表示需要,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。

注意:needn\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ t + 不定式的完成式表示本来不必做某事而

实际上做了某事

2. dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用在肯定句中。

3. dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。

五. shall和should的用法

1. shall的用法:

①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。

②shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。

③shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

2. should的用法:

①sh ould表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to。

②Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思。意为竟会。

③ shou ld + have + 过去分词结构一般表示义务,表示应该做到而实际上没

有做到,并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。

六. will和would的用法

1. 表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气。

2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。

3. 用 will be 和 will(would) + have + 过去分词的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测,后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。

4. would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

5. 表料想或猜想。

七. ought to的用法

1. ought to表示应该。

2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别:

He must be at home by now. (断定他已到家)

He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)

This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)

This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)

3. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去应做某事而实际未做。

ought和should的区别:

1.ought语气略强。

2.should较常用。

3.ought在美国英语中用的很少,而should却相当常用。

4.ought属正式用语。

八. used to,had better,would rather的用法

1. used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变。如:

He told us he used to play football when he was young.

2. had better意为最好,后接不带to的不定式。

3. would rather意为宁愿,表选择,后接不带to的不定式。

Unit2 Healthy eating

【重点词汇、短语】

1. diet 日常饮食,节食

2. balance 平衡,天平

3. fry 油炸

4. ought to 应该

5. lose weigh 减肥

6. raw 生的,未加工的

7. get away with 被放过,(做坏事)不受惩罚

8. tell a lie 说谎

9. win back 赢回

10. strength强项,长处,力量

11. consult 咨询,请教

12. earn one s living 谋生

13. debt 债

14. in debt 欠债

15. limit 限制,界限

16. benefit 利益

17. combine 联合,结合

18. cut down 削减,删节

19. before long 不久以后

20. put on weight 增加体重

【重点句型】

1. The food you eat helps you grow in different ways.

你吃的食物能以不同的方式帮你成长。

2. Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city. 站在高楼的顶部,我们能看到整个城市。

3. Which food contains more sugar?

哪一种食物含有更多的糖?

4. What could have happened?

可能发生了什么事?

5. Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to

eat with him as he always did.

要是茂昌不像往常那样和他一起吃饭,那问题一定严重了。

6. Curiosity drove Wang Pengwei inside.

王鹏伟受到好奇心的驱使,走了进去。

7. We were surprised at finding the house empty.

我们发现这个房子空无一人,感到惊讶。

8. They had me repeat the message.

他们让我把口信又重说了一遍。

9. I have a lot of work to do.

我有很多工作要做。

10. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.

他可不希望由于他的餐馆不再受欢迎而负债。

【语法总结】情态动词(详见第一单元语法总结)

Unit3 The Miliion Pound Bank Note

【重点词汇、短语】

1. bring up 抚养

2. scene 现场,景色

3. permit 许可,通行证

4. go ahead 前进

5. by accident 偶然

6. stare 凝视,盯着看

7. stare at 盯着看

8. spot 发现,认出,斑点,污点

9. account 说明,总计有,账目,

10. account for 导致,做出解释

11. seek 探索,寻求

12. contrary 反面,对立面

13. on the contrary 与此相反

14. take a chance 冒险

15. in rags 衣衫褴褛

16. indeed 真正地

17. as for 关于,至于

【重点句型】

1. Have you ever made a bet with your friends?

你曾和你的朋友们打过赌吗?

2. Did he help you by accident or on purose?

他是碰巧还是有意帮你?

3. I wonder, Mr Smith, if/whether you d mind us moving your flowers outdoors.

史密斯先生,我不知道你是否介意我们把你的花移到室外去。

4. You re about to hear the most incredible tale.

你们马上就要听到一个最难以置信的故事。

5. Permit me to say a few words.

请允许我说几句话。

6. After the rain, we went ahead with our work.

雨停之后,我们继续工作。

7. And it was the ship that brought you to England.

正是那艘船把你带到了英国。

8. I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounted for my appearance.

我是作为一个不拿工资的帮手赚来我的船费,这就是我为什么会衣冠不整的原因了。

9. Dick found himself walking in the direction of the church.

迪克发现自己不知不觉朝教堂方向走去。

10. Even if/though he is very nice, I don t trust him.

即使他很好,我也不太相信他。

【语法总结】

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据

它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一. 名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类:

1. that(无含义,不充当成分)

2. whether, if(有是否的含义,但不充当成分)

3. 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, which,whichever.(在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语)

连接副词:when, whenever,where,wherever, how, however,why(在从句中做状语)

4. as if,as though,because(不充当成分,在名词性从句中只引导表语从句)

二. 四类名词性从句语法要点

1.主语从句

在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.

他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。

It is known to us how he became a writer.

我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。

it作形式主语:有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。

It is clear that he is innocent in the accident.

很明显,他在这场事故中是无辜的。

2. 宾语从句

在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。

it作形式宾语:在主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的句型中,如果宾语是从句的形式,

则必须用it做形式宾语,把真正的宾语即宾语从句置于句末。

We found it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day. 我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。

3. 表语从句

在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。

The fact is that we have lost the game.

事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That is why he didn t come to the meeting.

那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain.

看上去天要下雨了。

This is because he has been working hard these days.

这是因为这些天他一直工作很努力。

注意:because,as if 和 as though在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。

4. 同位语从句

在整个句子中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。

同位语的含义:在句子中,如果有两个名词,并且后一个名词是对前一个名词的解释说明,它们两个指的是同一个人或同一个物,那么,后面的名词就叫前面名词的同位语。

例如:This is my friend, Tom.(Tom是my friend 的同位语。)

可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等抽象名词。

The news that we won the game is exciting.

我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I have no idea when he will come back home.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here.

我不知道你在这里。

(that无含义,that you were here 指的就是idea,所以是同位语从句,不能省略that)

Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you?

这本书给了你想法吗?

(that指的是the idea,that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

三. 连接词that在名词性从句中可以省略的三种情况

1.it 做形式主语,that引导主语从句时

It is said (that) he has been studying abroad.

据说他一直在国外学习。

2.动词宾语从句中

I think(that) you have much to improve in English.

我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。

3.形容词宾语从句中

I am afraid (that) I will be late.

恐怕我要迟到了。

Unit4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 【重点词汇、短语】

1. system 系统,体系

2. theory 学说,理论

3. violent 猛烈的,激烈的,

4. in time 及时,终于

5. unlike 不同,不像

6. harmful 有害的

7. lay eggs 下蛋

8. exist 存在,生存

9. give birth to 产生,分娩

10. in one s turn 轮到某人

11. prevent from 阻止

12. puzzle 谜,难题/使迷惑

13. pull 拉,牵引力

14. cheer up 感到振奋

15. now that 既然

16. break out 突发,爆发

17. watch out 密切注视

【重点句型】

1. We usually think of science subjects as physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics.

通常我们认为科学学科为物理、化学、生物、和数学。

2. When are they to hand in their plan?

他们的计划什么时候交上来。

3. Whether we help him or not, he will fail.

人教版高中英语必修四重点词汇,短语,句子复习总结.doc

高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 必修四重点词汇,短语,句子复习总结 Unit 1 重点短语 1. put sb to death 处死某人 2. sentence sb to death 判某人死刑 3. sentence sb three years in prison 判某人三年监禁 4. wake up 醒来 5. mean going back to the place … 意味着做…… 6. leave the family of chimps sleeping in a tree 让那个黑猩猩一家在树上睡觉 7. wait in the shade of the trees 在树荫里等待 8. move off (for) 出发,离开(前往….. ) 9. wander into the forest 漫步走进森林 10. (chimps) behave like humans (黑猩猩)举止行为像人类 11. …make it all worthwhile……使得这一切都是值得的 12. sleep in the nest for the night在窝里睡觉打发那个晚上 13. change the way people think about chimps 改变人们对黑猩猩的看法 14. communicate with each other 彼此交流 15. work out their social system 勾勒出他们的社会系统(= figure out) 16. be outspoken about 对…直言不讳 17. respect the life of these animals 尊重这些动物的生活 18. set up special places 建立专门(保护)区 19. lead / live a busy life 过着忙碌的生活;lead / live an easy life;lead / live a comfortable life 20. crowd in(想法、问题等)用上心头;涌进 21. say to oneself 自己对自己说,心里想 22. do nothing wrong 没做任何错事,没有任何过错 23. achieve everything she wanted to do 实现了她想要做的一切 24. gain a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位 25. cheer the achievements of women 为女性取得的成就欢呼喝彩 26. chimp behaviour黑猩猩(式)的行为 27. a way of showing love 一种表达爱的方式 28. the bond between members of a chimp family 黑猩猩家庭成员之间的关系 29. their daily activities 他们的日常活动 30. the first few months 头几个月 31. their body language他们的身势语 32. since her childhood从她童年时候起 33. look down on / upon sb 瞧不起某人look up to sb 瞧得起某人

高一英语词组总结

高一英语词组总结 Unit One a pair of compasses go hunting a deserted island challenge s b to do sth./to sth. regard sb as realize one’s mistake in order to care about everyday English even though/if Unit Two the majority of people one’s native language/one’s mother tongue of one’s own the number of the students develop into the working languages international trade communicate with a good knowledge of English be fond of hunt for such as drop sb a line make oneself at home in total except for stay up end up with be curious about in the name of escape classes Phrases with Be be good at be interested in be pleased/satisfied/ content with be famous for be good/kind to be famous for be lost in be active in be sure about/of be afraid of be full of be filled with be made of/from be generous to be popular with be confident of be angry with/at be late for be amazed/ surprised/astonished /shocked at be busy doing be excited about be worried about be used for/as make a noise make faces make room for make the bed make phone calls make friends make money make use of make a decision make a mistake make for Unit Three experience life get away from sb./a place instead of get close to nature the basic equipment go for a hike learn the basic skills have an adventure Unit Four think twice sweep away go down be afraid of take place look around get on one’s feet cut down look up look into be caught in come up with protect sb/from be on holiday catch fire Phrases with GET get back get off get on get along with get away from get down get married get to get through get down to get across get in get over get used to Phrases with Take take a picture take a taxi take away take care of take off take out take one’s place take place take exercise take turns take an active part in take a message take on take the place of take apart take sth for take in take up Phrases with Out come out go out look out take out rush out try out watch out wear out find out make out get out pick out think out give out set out walk out run out Unit Five work on take off make a film/ films cut sth in /into pieces do research think of set out win a prize go wrong Unit Six pay a visit to sb pay sb a visit meet for the first time make a good impression on on the left of keep silent leave out keep in silence drink to lay the table make a list of ask for Phrases with Prep. owe sth to sb make comments on at any moment at the last moment for a moment in a moment the moment….. have no choice but to do sth make choice of make a choice determine to do sth. a man of determination determine on sth Phrases with Off get off take off turn off set off see sb. off put off fall off drop off give off switch off throw off jump off Phrases with Go go away go on go back go out go over go around go straight

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(1)act短语: act as 担任……职务,起……作用act for 代理(某人职务),代为(处 理某事) act out 表演(对话、故事等)act up 捣乱,出毛病 例如: I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen. Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。) The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus. He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot. (2)break短语: break away 摆脱,脱离break away from …脱离……,奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障,坏掉,中止,累垮,分解 break in 打断,插话,闯入,强行进入 break into …闯入……,破门而入 break (sth) off (使某物)折断,中断某事物,突然停止 break out (战争、火灾)突然发生,爆发 break out in tears 突然大哭break the rule 违反规定 break through 突围,冲跨break up 分解,分裂,拆散,碎开 例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught. If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later. The car broke down just on my way here. If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off. If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off. She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup. I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem. In spring the icebergs begin to break up. (3)bring短语: bring about 引起,导致,使发生bring along把……带来,领来 bring back 拿回来,使恢复bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼,使……苏醒 (比较:sth / sb come back to life 复苏,苏醒) bring down 使……降低,减少,使……倒下,使……落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价/提价[比较:(the price ) go down / up 价格 下降/上涨] bring in 引进(技术),赚钱,带来(收入),吸收 bring on 发展,引起,导致,使前进 bring out 拿出,出版,生产,揭露,阐明,使表现出 bring to 使苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring / carry sth to / into effect实施……(比较:sth come / go into effect 开始

高中英语阅读常见单词及短语02

72. deputy 英 ['depj?t?]美 ['d?pjuti] n. 代理人,代表 adj. 副的;代理的 I delegated my responsibilities to my deputy.我把职责委托给了我的代理人。 When he was ill,his duties devolved on his deputy.他生病期间他的工作移交给了他的副手。 73. kick off [足球]中线开球;[口](使)开始;[美,口]死;踢开 1.Kick off your shoes and find a game on TV.脱下鞋子打开电视找场比赛看吧。 2.They kick off their campaign against Paraguay tomorrow night. 他们脱掉他们明天晚上对阵巴拉圭。 74. gluttony英 ['gl?t(?)n?]暴食,暴饮暴食;贪食,贪吃 1.In love,as in gluttony,pleasure is a matter of the utmost precision. 在爱情中,如同暴饮暴食,快乐的关键在于毫厘不差的精准。 75. unique 英[ju?'ni?k]美 [j?'nik] adj. 独特的,稀罕的;[数] 唯一的,独一无二的 n. 独一无二的人或物 We all have unique skills and gifts.我们都拥有独特的技能和天赋。 In this case however,despite the name of the property,it need not and should notbe unique. 尽管该属性的名称如此,但在这种情况下,它不需要也不应该为唯一的。 76. pyramid英 ['p?r?m?d]美 ['p?r?m?d] n. 金字塔;角锥体 vi. 渐增;上涨;成金字塔状 vt. 使…渐增;使…上涨;使…成金字塔状 Imagine this as a pyramid and not a triangle.想象一下这是个金字塔,不说三角形。 We can reach the glorious summit of pyramid if we learn English in this way.我们按照这样的过程学习英语,就一定能达到金字塔光辉的顶端! 77. phenomenon [f?'n?m?n?]n. 现象,事件;奇迹;非凡的人 This phenomenon is not as outrageous as it seems. 这种现象并不像它看上去那样骇人。78. complement英 ['k?mpl?m(?)nt]美 ['kɑmpl?m?nt] n. 补语;余角;补足物 vt. 补足,补助 1.You do not want to duplicate efforts, though you may come to complement them. 虽然您可能会为其做补充,您不会想去做重复的工作。 79. bid [b?d] vt. 投标;出价;表示;吩咐 vi. 投标;吩咐 n. 出价;叫牌;努力争取 n. (Bid)人名;(俄)比

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