上海高考 语法分类定语从句 含语法新题型(教师版)
知识精讲
1、思维导图
概念
限制性定语从句
分类
非限制性定语从句
先行词
定语从句两要素关系代词
关系词
关系副词
指物时关系代词that/which区别
重要考点介词+关系代词
抽象化的时间、地点名词
一、概念：定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用，也称为形容词性从句。
二、两要素：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：
①先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
②关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，并在含义上替代先行词。
1. 引导定语从句
关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词
3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分
三、特殊用法
【两要素】
I. 关系代词that, which, who(whom)引导的定语从句
先行词在从句中作主语：A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health.
先行词在从句中作宾语：Mr White invited many friends to his party ( whom / that) he respected much.
关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.
先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure.
先行词在从句中作宾语：The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine.
关系代词前有介词：Here is the money with which I will buy a piano.
总结：⑴关系代词中在从句中充当主语的是which、that、who且在句中不可以省略。
⑵关系代词中在从句中充当宾语的是which、that、who、whom且可以省略。
⑶当关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用whom，指物只能用which。
⑷which 只能指物，who\whom 只能指人，that既可指人又可指物。
既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)
表示人的所有：The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.
表示物的所有：I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
★the + 名词+of + whom (which) 的结构= whose + 名词，下面三句意思相同，例如：
1.The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
2.The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
3.The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
1）There are twenty students, whose backgrounds are different.
2）There are twenty students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
3）There are twenty students, of whom the backgrounds are different.
as引导的定语从句常出现于
the same…as…,
such…as…,
as…as…
so…as…结构中。
当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
注意：★the same…as… vs the same…that…
指代相似的人或物指同一人或物
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(相似物)
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.（同一物）
★such…as… vs so/such…that…
It is such a difficult problem as no one can work out.
It is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.
区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.
that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.
★as……as…….
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. （as在定语从句中做主语）I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. （as在定语从句中做表语）
I like the same book as you do. （as在定语从句中做宾语）
I shall do it in the same way as you did. （as在定语从句中做状语）
He is as diligent a man as ever lived. （as在定语从句中做主语）
记住下列表格
II. 关系副词where when why引导的定语从句（时间/地点/原因）。
A. where指地点，充电地点状语
This is the place. We spent our childhood in that place.
替换：This is the place (which / that) we spend our childhood in.
This is the place in which we spent our childhood.
This is the place where we spent our childhood.
B. when 指时间，充当时间状语
He’ll always remember the day. His grandma passed away on that day.
替换：He’ll al ways remember the day （which/ that）his grandma passed away on.
He’ll always remember the day on which his grandma passed away.
He’ll always remember the day when his grandma passed away.
C. why 指原因，充当原因状语
This is the reason. They were late for the meeting because of the reason.
替换: This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.
【引导定语从句的关系副词可以用介词+ which 或介词+whom 代替】
The hotel where they stayed the other day wasn’t very clean.
The hotel in which they stayed the other day wasn’t very clean.
He will always remember the day when he broke the world record.
He will always remember the day on which he broke the world record.
The woman to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher.
The woman who (whom) I spoke to just now is my English teacher.
【有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动】
The baby (who) my mother is looking after is my younger brother.
注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。以the city为例
(1)This is the city that/which I visited last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语
(2) This is the city where I lived last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。
1、当先行词是place（或其他表示地点的词）
This is the famous place where (at which) the king used to meet his ministers.
This is the famous place which/ that/ X we visited last year.
注意：看先行词在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语用where，充当主语或宾语用which
具体的地点名词后可以接where从句，但其他如case, point, situation, condition, job等表示“情况，方面”的名词也同样加where从句，这种用法源于“in this case, at this point, in this situation, under the condition”等短语，例：There are many cases where this rule does not hold good. 在很多情况下，这条规则都不适用。
He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.
I will show you the point where you fail.
This is a job where you can learn something.
He left his hometown in 2002 since when he has never come back.
2、当先行词是time（或其他表示时间的词）
October 1 is the day when (on which) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
I will never forget the days which/ that/ X I spend with my students.
3、当先行词是reason
This is the reason why he was late this morning.
This is the reason which/ that may explain his absence.
4、the way 作先行词，定语从句用that, in which 或X
That is the way _that/ in which/ X_ he spoke.
5、修饰先行词each time, each day
修饰先行词each time, each day, every time, every day, the first time, the minute, the moment, the second, the instant的方法如下：
Each time (不需关系代词或关系副词) I saw him, he was happy. (定语从句/ 状语从句)
6、whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever
whoever=anyone who=no matter who
whatever/ whichever=anything that=no matter what (which)
whenever=in/on/at whatever time that=no matter when
whenever=in/at/to whatever place that=no matter where
whoever, whatever, whichever 可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子
whenever, wherever 可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子中替代状语
Whoever (no matter who) breaks the law, he must be punished. (状语从句)
Whoever (anyone who) breaks the law must be punished. (主语从句) 相当于定语从句
We must punish whoever (anyone who) breaks the law. (宾语从句) 相当于定语从句
Wherever you want to go, you may go. (状语从句)
You may go wherever (to whatever place that) you want to go. (状语从句) 相当于定语从句
【限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
A）限制性定语从句: 是用来限制所修饰对象的意义，不能被拿掉，如果拿掉，余下的部分的意义就会不清楚；
The man who spoke at the parents’ meeting just now is John’s father.
B)非限制性定语从句：是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉他，其他部分仍然清楚。非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“，”隔开，限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，不用“，”隔开。
John, whose father is a writer, works in Beijing.
The book was written by Lu Xun, who was a great writer.
as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，
区别：which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”
as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为know, see, suggest, turn out
As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun.
They have invited me to dinner, which is very kind of them.
He disliked the girl, as was expected .
【注意】先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时，关系代词可用which或as, 但which 不能放句首，as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. （as在定语从句中做主语）
He came late again, which made his teacher very angry.
【必须使用非限制性定语从句的情况】
1) 当先行词为专有名词或球类、疾病、学科等独一无二的事物时。如：
He caught SARS, which threatened people a lot.
Basketball, which is now played in over 100 countries, is the most popular game in the world.
2) 当定语从句由“代词/数词/名词/形容词比较级、最高级等+of+which/whom”引导时。如：
China has hundreds of islands off its southeast coast, the largest of which is Taiwan.
3) 当定语从句修饰整个主句时。如：
They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
They moved the fallen tree, which took them a long time.
【重难点梳理】
I. 关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的情况：
1) 当先行词被为不定代词。如：
There is nothing (that) I can say about it.
2）先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen.
3）先行词被the only 或the very修饰时。如：
The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers’ help.
Is this the very museum that you visited the other day? 4) 先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：
The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.
When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall.
5）被修饰的先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。如：
I am interested in all that you have told me.
There isn’t much that I can do.
He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.
6）先行词既包含人又包含物时。例如：
They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.
7）先行词是疑问代词时。如：
Which is the book that he bought yesterday?
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?
8）先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。如：
This is no longer the place that it used to be.
He is not the man that he was.
II. 关系代词只能用which不用that 的情况
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如:
She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth.
2. 当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:
He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.
在上一例句中,引导词“which”作了介词“in”的宾语,所以不可以用“that”代替.
【定语从句的谓语动词的用法】
关系代词在从句中主语时，从句中的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。
The students who are in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill.
I, who am your best friend, will do everything for you.
Tom is one of the boy students in our class who are often late.
Tom is the (only) one of the boy students in our class who is often late.
【定语从句时态的简化】
如果主句动词是将来时，从句动词表示的动作与主句动作发生在同一时间，从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
但是如果从句动作是指不同于主句动作的将来时间，则两部分都要用将来时。
There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks.
任何人在下两周内定做衣服都将享受优待价格。
Those who will go to tomorrow’s show will have to come this afternoon to get their tickets. 明天去看演出的
人今天下午来取票。
An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area __________interact with one another.（2013年上海英语高考）
【答案】that
【解析】此处考查定语从句中的关系代词。分析句子后看出主句成分完整，从句缺主语，判断下来是考查定语从句。此题难点在于主句中的先行词为the living and nonliving things，先行词即指人又指物，所以关系代词只能使用that。
Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from __________ you received gifts?（2012年上海英语高考）
【答案】whom
【解析】此处考查定语从句中的关系代词。分析句子后看出主句成分完整，从句缺介词from后的宾语，判断下来是考查定语从句。根据主句先行词relatives以及receive sth. from sb. 的句型可以判断出所在空填指人的关系代词，但是介词后只能使用whom作宾语。
You' ll find taxis waiting at the bus station __________ you can hire to reach your host family.（2011年上海英语高考）
【答案】which/that
【解析】此处考查定语从句中的关系代词。分析句子后看出主句成分完整，从句缺动词hire后的宾语，判断下来是考查定语从句。此题难点在于要看出taxis后的waiting at the bus station是一个宾补成分，从而确定先行词为taxis，这样就不会受到bus station干扰，从而确定答案为指物的which或that。
Wind power is an ancient source of energy to__________ we may return in the near future. （2010年上海英语高考）
【答案】which
【解析】此处考查定语从句中的关系代词。分析句子后看出主句成分完整，从句中的动词短语return to后缺宾语，判断下来是考查定语从句，关系代词指代前面的先行词an ancient source of energy。此题要注意动词短语中的介词to放在了关系代词前，所以只能使用指物的关系代词which。
Mozart's birthplace and the house __________ he composed "The Magic Flute" are both museums now.（2009年上海英语高考）
【答案】where
【解析】此处考查定语从句中的关系副词。分析句子后看出主句和从句的成分都完整，再根据先行词the house可以判断出是关系副词引导的定语从句。先行词是一个地点名词，所以填入where。
【2015二模定语从句考点汇编】
I remember I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to(26) I listened every morning.(虹口区) which
2.Students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary,
language arts and maths than did students(37)________ classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.(虹口区）whose
3.One procedure 29___________helps many athletes is creating pictures in their mind. They are told to think of each move they must do. Some use more fanciful pictures. (黄埔区）which\that
4.But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also reduce anxiety, ___29___ has a bad effect on exam performances.(浦东新区) which
5.When we passed it and looked back, three pyramidal mountains on the opposite side of Lock Lomond ended the view, ____32_____ in certain kind of weather might be very grand. (长宁区）which
6.The majority of those (35)__________ died today were children—beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them—birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. (徐汇）who
7.(Then it hit him—the scene was similar to the video (26)_________ he was shown during Disaster Management classes. (奉贤）that/which
8.Even in countries (38) __________ don’t allow bargaining, you may find plentiful opportunities to save money. Many stores sell old items on clearance. Other offer discount cards to regular customers. (静安区）that/which
9.The robot was given the tiresome task of cleaning up some spilt grain before it climbed on to a kitchen hotplate (34)_____ it destroyed itself, according to reports in Austria.(崇明区）where
10.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service (32) has changed the way many of us live.(普陀区) that
11.When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience "flow", a situation (40)_____they don't notice time passing.(普陀区) where
12. Eating disorders are psychological illness defined by abnormal eating habits, (27) _________ may involve either insufficient or too much food intake to the damage of an individual’s physical and mental health.（普陀区）which
13.It is not just the rising cost of living that is causing the delay. Many pointed to the fact that they are constantly having to provide for their grown-up children at an age (36)________ they assumed they should be financially independent. when
14.Dogs are called "man's best friend." Now a study shows new reasons (25) ________ they really are our best pals. Researchers at UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California(杨浦区）why
15. A couple had two little boys, (33) were excessively naughty. They were always getting into trouble and their parents knew that, if anything terrible occurred in their town, their sons were probably involved. (杨浦区) who
巩固练习
1.基础题
1. Error correction in a language class should never be carried to the point__________ it discourages students from getting involved.（嘉定2013二模38题）
2. Reform is taking place in the country’s vast countryside, __________tens of millions of farmers have moved to cities for work. （黄浦2013二模35题）
3. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, __________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.（奉贤2013二模37题）
4. The hours__________ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.（普陀2013二模35题）
5. Lucy has many positive personality features__________ make her popular at school.（宝山2013一模40题）
6. In Canada, cross country skiing is a popular sport among people__________ they can enjoy excitement and adventure.（虹口2013一模38题）
7. Being from a family__________ produced great actors, it’s no wonder that she quickly found her way into the spotlight.（黄浦2013一模35题）
8. It was from the wallets of these poor people that cigarette makers are determined to make money by promoting goods ________ are labeled by the WHO as dangerous to health. （崇明2012二模29题）
9. “Ungelivable” is so new an English word coined on the Internet ______ is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present.（奉贤2012二模33题）
10. Gone are the days _____ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.（杨浦2012一模40题）
11. Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state ______ they don’t age. （青浦2012一模40题）
12. Raising children is said to be a job________ parents receive the least formal training for.（浦东2011二模40题）
13. After 6 years of twists and turns, the construction of the Shanghai Disneyland,_____was another major construction project after the Shanghai Expo, was officially started on April 8th. （松江2011二模36题）
14. The fallen leaves covered the streets, __________ added beauty to the ancient small town. （闵行2011一模31题）
15. In a sports team, each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions __________ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.（浦东2011一模31题）
1. where
2. where
3. who
4. that/which
5. that/which
6. where
7. that/which
8. that/which 9. as 10. when 11. where 12. that/which 13. which 14. which 15. when
【上海中学定语从句练习题1】
1.Is there a bar around _______I can have something to eat?
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
2. The house, _________ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. the roof of which
B. which roof
C. its roof
D. the roof
3. Edison made a lot of inventions, _________ of great importance.
A. which I think are
B. which I think they are
C. which I think they
D. I think which are
4. I ‘ll talk about a newly-opened market _______you may get all ________you need.
A. in which, which
B. where, that
C. where, what
D. which, that
5. Can you lend me the novel ________the other day?
A. that you talked
B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with
D. you talked that
6. ______is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. It
7. The fence in our garden, ________my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. where
8. When lost in work, _________he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
A. what
B. so
C. just like
D. as
9. A football fan(球迷) is ________has a strong interest in football.
A. a thing that
B. something that
C. a person that
D. what
10. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _______we said goodbye to each other.
A. which
B. when
C. why
D. where
11. The matter ______you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. where
12. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _______stands near the post office?
A. /
B. in which
C. that
D. where
13. His sister had become a teacher ________was what he wanted to be.
A. who
B. what
C. that
D. which
14. With the development of agriculture, the people _________village I taught before have lived a happy life.
A. who
B. whose
C. in whose
D. in which
15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place ________you may spend your weekend.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
16. He must be from Africa, _________can be seen from his skin.
A. that
B. as
C. it
D. what
17. Both the girl and her dog ________were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
A. which
B. who
C. they
D. that
18. I,_______ your friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. which are
B. which is
C. who is
D. who am
19. Is this just the city ________the foreign guests wish to pay a visit_________.
A. which, to
B. to which, /
C. that, to
D. to that, /
20. It’s one of the most interesting stories _______I have ______read.
A. which, never
B. that, ever
C. that, never
D. which, ever
21. On my way home in the street I saw a lady ______I thought was your aunt.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
22. I remember that ________took part in the ball party had a wonderful time.
A. all
B. all that
C. all which
D. all what
23. This is the largest clock in the world, _______the minute hand is six metres long.
A. that
B. of which
C. which
D. whose
24. China is the birthplace of kites, ________kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
A. from that
B. from where
C. from there
D. from here
25. ______is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. it
B. As
C. That
D. What
26. Who ________has common sense will do such a thing?
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. that
高三语法复习专题 定语从句(一)
高三语法复习专题定语从句（一） 【学习目标】1.熟练指出定语从句的相关术语 2.只能用that，which的情况。 3.准确选择关系代词或关系副词。 4.掌握介词+which的情况。 预习案Previewing case ［典例分析］She is the girl who likes singing. 主句 ; 从句 ; 先行词 ;关系代词 ; 〔了解几个基本含义〕 ①定语从句的定义：一个句子担任定语，这个句子就叫做定语从句。 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，定语从句分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和间隔式定语从句。 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，若去掉它，先行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，因此，限制性定语从句和它的先行词所指意义有着不可分割的联系，不能用逗号将其与先行词隔开。如：The old woman has two daughters who work in the same company. 非限制性定语从句对先行词获主句起补充说明的作用，即使删去也不影响主句的语义完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。如：Yesterday, my boss left for Paris, where he had stayed for five years. 间隔式定语从句是指为了某种特殊的需要，与先行词分离的定语从句。如：The actor entered the hall who had just sang several pop songs. ②先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、词组或代词成为先行词。 ③关系词的作用：既代替前面的先行词在句子里担当一定的句子成分，又把两个句子连接起来构成一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。 〈举一反三〉请找出下列所给句子的先行词以及关系代词，并猜想关系代词/关系副词的作用。用“”表示先行词；“”表示关系代词，并完成表格。 1.The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher. 2.The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting. 3.She lives in a house whose windows faces south. 4.Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher? 5.I have never heard such stories as he tells. 6.I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army. 7.I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked. 8.Tell me the reason why you came late.
上海高三语法填空练习
Grammar Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Since early times, people (25) ______ (fascinate) by the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw other evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even (26) ______ (near) in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probe has provided evidence (27) ______ Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probe has also made scientists think that under its surface is a rocky core (地核) (28) ______ (give) off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions (29) ______ (need) for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals like carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe that there may be such lyi ng at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may already create life or may be about to. You may wonder (30) ______ light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now places have been found on earth, (31) ______ are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming. (B) Conversation is an important part of life to everyone. However, some people are afraid of starting a casual conversation with a stranger (32) ______ ______ a fear of not having anything interesting to say. Fear of rejection is also a reason for keeping silent. Small talk in a conversation can serve as a way of warming up and getting to know each other. Most people, (33) ______ ______ ______ successful they are at work, will find the process of making small talk uncomfortable, even pointless. However, you (34) ______ (have) a pretty small world if you refuse to let others in. Starting off with (35) ______ usual comment or question will make others comfortable, and even just greeting them with a simple “hello” will often be enough. (36) ______ you have made the first move, there is no turning back. You need to keep things going before you can gracefully say goodbye. Think about what you would like to share with a new friend and that is (37) ______ you can ask the other person about. Work, family, hobbies or interests are some general points of discussion. (38) ______ (keep) the ball rolling, you can show that you are really interested in what they are saying. Once you find common points of interest, things will definitely take off from there. Small talk (39) ______ turn out to be a pleasant experience. The conversation should be brief and casual without turning into a long and boring discussion. Do not let yourself control the conversation. Let (40) ______ talk too. Stop worrying about how big of a fool you may appear to be. You may even find out later on that you have the “talent” of getting people to open up to you by engaging them in small talk.
高考近5年全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句(解析版)
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
英语高三《定语从句》专项练习含答案
题组一基础过关 I.单句语法填空 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process in ________ even the small details of life should be considered. 3. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 4. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. 5. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ________ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true. 6. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 7. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. II. 用适当的关系词填空 1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking? 2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village. 4. Do you know the reason John is so angry? 5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting. 6. The reason he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense. 7. I still remember the night she left the house. 8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all. 10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 题组二能力提升 I．单项填空 ( ) 1.This year’s children’s party, ________ some parents were invited to, was a great success. A.which B.why C.whose D.where ( ) 2.The death of the closest relatives, ________ almost every one of us has experienced, always makes people feel bitter and unbearable. A.which B.who C.as D.the one ( ) 3.—Have you heard any news about Sarah? —Yes, she was promoted to president of her company, ________ surprised everyone.
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法 填空 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、用单词的适当形式完成短文 Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star 1．she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June. According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she2．(receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal3．the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes. Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million. Because she was 4．first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported. Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation 5．she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but 6．didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts. In a letter 7．(post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government. "As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, 8．led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests." "Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there 9．have been no Fan Bingbing," she added. Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign 10．(recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry. Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, 11．not rank very high. In fact, according to a new
九年级英语语法定语从句专题复习
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose(一般指人), that（指人或物）, which(指物)等。 关系副词有： when（时间）, where(地点), why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ① who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗（who / that在从句中作主语） He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ② whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose/of which cover（封面）is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③ which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： Rosa likes music that/which is quite and gentle.（which / that在句中作宾语）This is the book (that/which) I'm looking for.（which / that在句中作look for 的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ① when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如： Do you remember the day when I saw you(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ② that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，
英语定语从句往年高考题
定语从句历年高考题 1．（2004全国卷3）The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 2. （2004北京卷）George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 3．（2004湖北卷）There was time I hated to go to school . A．a; that B．a; when C．the; that D．the ; when 4．（2004湖北卷）What surprised me was not what he said but he said it . A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which 5. （2004湖南卷）I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that 6. （2004江苏卷）________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 7．（2004辽宁卷）The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80% are sold abroad . A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that 8. （2004全国卷1）The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 9. （2004全国卷1）You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how 10. （2004全国卷2）There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
高考定语从句语法填空专题
Section 8定语从句 两年高考真题演练 1．(2015·江苏高考)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 2．(2015·湖南高考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 3．(2015·北京高考)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music. 4．(2015·浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 5．(2015·重庆高考)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s. 6．(2015·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 7．(2015·四川高考)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 8．(2015·天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 9．(2015·安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧
上海高考英语语法填空解题技巧 上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚2014至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。本人就这种题型进行了分析，总结出十条语法填空的解题技巧。 一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对代词、动词、形容词等形式变化的掌握程度。 技巧一：，时态、语态、语气、情态动词)动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(。学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)有非谓语的变化( 知识进行一次全面复习。1：例是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动．句中的is (give)tomorrow is written by Professor ZhangA talk 动作的承受可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow to be given。者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式—— ：考点聚焦知识体系 时态：考纲要求的11 种时态 谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态be+过去分词 动词情态动词 动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动 非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动 现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动 分词 过去分词 技巧二：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。 例2：The king decided to see the painter by (he)． 由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。 考点聚焦知识体系
2020届 二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 (1)
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom 在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语 时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物 均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、
最新历年全国高考英语定语从句试题汇总及答案
专题四----定语从句 1997-2006年十年高考定语从句汇总 1.（2006上海春季,37）You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _______is always busy at the weekend. A.that B.where C.what 借题发挥Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _____,of course,made others je A.who B.that C.what 2.（2005全国Ⅰ,24） A.of them C.who of 借题发挥 3.（2005北京,35）—— A.who to turn to D.for her to tur 4.（2005天津,13） A.that B.whose C.those 你见到了丢包的那个姑娘了吗？ The house whose roof(=the roof of which) was damaged has now been repaired.房顶受损的房子现在已修好了。 他是一个说话极可靠的人。 这就是那个零件小得难以看清的新机器。 5.（2005上海,40）If a shop has chairs__________women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop. A.that B.which C.when 借题发挥 6.（2005辽宁,28）I walked in our garden, __________Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A.which B.when C.where 7.（2005江苏,32）The place__________the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A.which;where 8.（2005浙江,2） A.which B.that C.this 9.（2005浙江,17）__________I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting. A.When B.After C.As 误区警示引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。但一般用于像as we all know，as is known to all，as it is，as is said above，as is reported in the newspaper，as mentioned above，as is usual，as is often the case等句式中。as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比 较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可插入主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。 10.（2005福建,35）—— A.that B.which C.where 11.（2005湖北,29） A.who B.that C.what 12.（2005湖南,27） A.that B.in which C.by which 13.（2005广东,35）Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered scenes__________people were eaten by t A.in which B.by which C.which 14.（2005重庆,32）Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to A.during which time 15.（2005山东,30）He was educated at a local grammar school, __________he went on to Cambridge. A.from which 借题发挥Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, __________obtaining water is not the least. A.of which 16.（2005江西,25）The schools themselves admit that not all chil