2022届高考英语一轮复习 高频词汇阅读加强(十一)

1：react v. (化学)

(1)react to 对……做出反应

react with 和……反应react against 反对

(2)reaction n.反应;起作用

reaction to对……做出的反应

2：balance n.天平;平衡;剩余;余额v.(使)平衡;权衡

(1)balance n.平衡;天平;剩余;余额

keep one's balance 保持平衡break one's balance 打破平衡

lose one's balance 失去平衡on balance=on the whole/generally speaking总的说来

(2)balance v.(使)平衡;权衡

balance A with/and B同等重视(相对的两个事物或方面)

(3)balanced adj.平衡的

a balanced diet 均衡饮食

3：form v.形成n.形式;表格

(1)form v.形成

form the habit of形成/养成……的习惯form one's character塑造某人的性格

(2)form n.形式in the form of以……的形式take the form of采取……的形式

(3)form n.表格fill in a form填表

4：occur vi.发生

It occurs to sb.+that从句/to do sth.某人想起……

5：strike v.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击;打;敲;鸣;碰撞;罢工;突然想到;打动(某人的心)

n.袭击;罢工

be struck by 被……打动be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工6：differ vi.不同;有区别

(1)differ from(=be different from)与……不同

differ in(=be different in)在……方面不同

differ with sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人在某事上意见不同

(2)different adj.不同的;有差别的be different from 与……不同

(3)difference n.区别;差异

7：present adj.现在的;目前的;出席的;到场的

n.礼物vt.提交;颁发;展现;陈述;提出(观点、计划等)

(1)at present 目前;现在

for the present=for the time being 目前;暂且the present situation 目前的形势be present at 出席……in one's presence 某人在场的时候;当着某人的面

(2)present sth. to sb.=present sb. with sth.给某人颁发某物

present one's opinion 提出某人的观点

8：attempt v.试图;尝试n.尝试;努力

(1)attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事,试图做某事

(2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.试图做某事

in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事at one's first attempt在某人第一次尝试时

(3)attempted murder谋杀未遂

9：resist v.抵抗;抵制住;忍住(常用于否定句中)

(1)resist(doing)sth. 抵制(做)某事

can't/couldn't resist doing sth.忍不住做某事can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事resist the temptation 抵制诱惑resist heat 耐热

(2)resistant adj.抵抗的,有抵抗力的be resistant to 对……有抵抗力的

(3)resistance n.抵制,抵抗,抵抗力

10：absorb v.吸收;吸引

(1)absorb...into...把……吸收进……

(2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的(be) absorbed in 全神贯注于absorbing adj.引人入胜的11：consequence n.结果;后果;影响

(1)as a consequence 结果as a consequence of 因为……

(2)consequent adj.作为结果的,随之发生的consequently adv.所以;因此

12：taste n.味道,味觉,体验,爱好

v.尝起来,有……味道;尝

(1)have/develop a taste for sth. 有/培养对……的兴趣爱好

to one's taste 合某人的口味,称某人的心

have/take a taste of 尝尝……, 体验一下……

(2)tasty adj.美味的,好吃的(=delicious)

1．When we use metals,it is important to know how they react different substances,for example,water and oxygen.

2．They were not sure how the Americans would react the new type of music.

3．What was Jeff's reaction the news that he was chosen to be chairman of the students' union?

4．选词填空(happen/occur/take place/break out)

Almost all of them in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.(教材原句)

More than one doctor was involved in the rescue that after the earthquake.

The accident on Monday evening with strong winds accompanied by heavy rain.

The police have started an investigation into the cause of the fire which in the hotel last night.

5．写出下列句子中strike 的汉语意思。

By the late 1890s,he had moved to Galveston,where he died in 1899,a year before the hurricane struck.

Yesterday evening a good idea struck me—a visit to Hainan during the winter vacation with our parents.

What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.

When we arrived at the city center in the evening, we heard the clock strike twelve.

Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.

6．选词填空(ruin/destroy/damage)

With more and more forests being , huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each day.

I got caught in the rain and my suit has been .

Teenagers are their health because they play computer games too much.

7．The other two areas in which the two varieties (different) are spelling and pronunciation.

8．I have discovered something in my two roommates. Li Hua from Wang Lin in character. Li is shy while Wang is outgoing, so they sometimes behave . However, their kindness makes a to our friendship. (differ) 9．写出下列句子中present的含义。

Present your ideas to the rest of the class.

The Grammy Awards are presented every year in the music industry in the United States.

At the end of the programme, the students presented papers on the results of their research.

At the present time, we have no explanation for this.

There were 200 people present at the meeting.

10．单句填空

She asked them not to discuss the matter her presence.

The company is still in business,at least the present.

Can you see any similarities between Webster's work and attempts simplify Chinese?

11．But our insisting it's merely a window has kept them from (attempt) millions of requests to open the door.

12．He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test his first attempt.

13．The boys made attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents.

14．A man is being questioned in relation to the (attempt) murder last night.

15．The (resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk.

16．I could not resist(turn)back and(shout)at the guy.

17．Among them are special windows that are(resist)to dirt and water.

18．In fact,only females can (吸收) the DNA of another creature.

19．These kids are so absorbed their studies that I just sit back.

20．However, when something did interest me, I could become (absorb).

21．(absorb)in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.

22．The consequence was many people were overweight.

23．One of the (consequence) of our planet's being warming up is an increase in the number of natural disasters.

24．It rained yesterday and (consequence) the match was canceled.

25．写出下列句子中taste的汉语意思。

Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down, continuing to chat.

Stepping out not only helped a brother in need, it also gave my kids the sweet taste of helping others.

Just one of his cantaloupes(甜瓜)filled the entire house with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.

Do you have pressure? Exam pressure, deadlines, job interviews and presentations can all make you feel nervous. Well, neuroscience（神经系统科学）can give you some help. 1．First, a breathing exercise.

Take a deep belly-breath through your nose for five seconds, hold it for a second, and then push all the air out through your nose, slowly, counting to five. Repeat a few times and you'll feel calmer. Under stress we tend to breathe very quickly as our body prepares for danger, which is useful if you need to run away, but not if you're about to speak in public. Breathe deeply and slowly.2．So the next time you feel panic rising, use deep breathing through your nose to force your body into a state of calm.

3．

A single note, your favourite tune, literally anything will do. Why? Studies have shown that humming（哼唱）can stimulate one of the most important parts of the body — the vagus nerve（迷走神经）. So the next time you feel your heart racing, sing a song or just hum a note and let your own vagus nerve restore calm.

The final tip is to focus.

When you're busy, it’s highly attractive to multi-tasks. But if you want to stay calm and actually get stuff done, don't have a try. 4．When you do two things at once, it has to switch between them very rapidly and gets overstimulated, and floods your body with stress hormones.

5．

So next time you feel panic rising, stop and remember to breathe, hum and focus.

A．Then get ready for humming.

B．Now listen to your favorite songs.

C．Scans show your brain can only do one thing at a time.

D．Here are three easy and reliable techniques you can use.

E. Remind yourself th at there's no "right” answer to these questions.

F. By doing one thing at a time, you can quickly go from feeling stressed to clam.

G. You can change the message your brain's receiving from “danger" to "all is well".

（B）

Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.

Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.

Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.

“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. Af ter a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired, but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”

It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwo rk and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bill s and groceries. ”

Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.

1.Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?

A.To assess their health status.

B.To evaluate their work habits.

C.To analyze their personality.

D.To measure their mental ability.

2.How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?

A.By using an expert’s words.

B.By making a comparison.

C.By referring to another study.

D.By introducing a concept.

3.Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A.Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills

B.Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs

C.Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp

D.Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age

词汇填空

1. with to to

2. 袭击 突然想到 打动(某人的心) 敲 碰撞

3. destroyed ruined damaging

4. differ different;differs;differently;difference

5. 陈述 颁发 提交 现在的;目前的 在场的;到场的 in for

6. to attempting at an attempted

7. resistance turning;shouting resistant

8. absorb in absorbed Absorbed

9. that consequences consequently

10. 品尝 体验 味道 尝起来

阅读理解

1．上一句提到“neuroscience can give you some help.（神经系统科学可以给你一些帮助。）”D 项“Here are three easy and reliable techniques you can use.（下面是三个你可以使用的简单可靠的技巧。）”与上一句“give you some help”相呼应；下文的三段提到了三个技巧，D 项是承上启下。故选D 项。

2．空前一句提到“Breathe deeply and slowly.（深沉、缓慢地呼吸）”；空后一句提到“So the next time you feel panic rising, use deep breathing through your nose to force your body into a state of calm.（所以下次你感到惊慌的时候，用鼻子深呼吸，迫使你的身体进入平静的状态。）”，G 项“You can change the message your brain's receiving from “danger" to "all is well".（你可以把你大脑接收到的信息从“危险”改为“一切都好”。）”是说明当你紧张时要缓慢深呼吸的原因，空后一句是说明结果。其中so 表示因果关系。故选G 项。

3．设空处位于段首，根据文章结构可知，该处为本段的标题，也是主题句；文章第二段的小标题中提到“First”，第四段小标题中提到“The final tip”，A 项中“Then”与第二段、第四段小标题中的“First”“final”表示顺序关系；该段下文中提到“humming can stimulate one of the most important parts of the body （哼唱可以刺激身体的最重要的一个部分）

”“sing a song or

just hum a note（唱首歌或仅仅哼唱曲子）”说明哼唱在缓解压力时的作用。因此A项“Then get ready for humming.（然后准备好哼唱）”可以作为该段的小标题。故选A项。

4．该段小标题“The final tip is to focus”，该段提出的建议是要集中注意力；C项中“… your brain can only do one thing at a time.( 你的大脑一次只能做一件事)”与该段小标题中的“focus”相符。故选C项。

5．空前一句提到“When you do two things at once, it has to switch between them very rapidly and gets overstimulated, and floods your body with stress hormones.（当你同时做两件事的时候，你的身体就会迅速地在两件事之间切换，从而受到过度刺激，让你的身体充满压力荷尔蒙）”，说明大脑同时做两件事会让你压力增加；F项“By doing one thing at a time, you can quickly go from feeling stressed to clam.（一次只做一件事，你很快就能从紧张状态恢复平静）”是进一步强调一次做一件事情的好处，紧扣该段主题“focus（集中注意力）”。故选F项。

1。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选D项。

2。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then 是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。故选B项。

3。第一段“Challenging work tha t requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。故选C项。