高考英语名词性从句知识点汇总

高考英语名词性从句知识点汇总
高考英语名词性从句知识点汇总

高考英语名词性从句知识点汇总

在句中起名词作用的从句被称为名词性从句。名词性从句相当于名词,可以用作主语、表语、宾语和同位语,所以可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从历年的高考英语试题来看,名词性从句是语法填空和短文改错考查的重点。

一、名词性从句解题思路

1、先找出句子的谓语动词,后根据从句在句中的位置来判断它属于哪一种名词性从句;

2、先成分后含义——先分析连接词在从句中的成分,后根据含义直接翻译即可;

3、若作主、宾、表、定语等成分,则用what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which(ever)引导;

4、若不作成分,则用that, if, whether,引导,只起连接作用;

5、若作状语,则用when(ever), where(ever), why引导。

注意:主语从句常放在主句谓语动词之前,it作形式主语除外;表语从句位于系动词后;宾语从句位于动词或介词后;同位语从句位于名词之后,但要注意区分定语从句和同位语从句。

二、名词性从句高频考点易混点拨

高频考点一:考查that与what的区别

在引导名词性从句时,从属连词that一般要注意三个"不":

1.不省略。当从属连词that引导的主语从句位于句首时,that不省略;that 引导同位语从句时,一般不省略。

2.不作成分。that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。

3.无词义。that 在名词性从句中没有实义。

在引导名词性从句时, what一般要注意一个"不",一个"有意义",一个"作成分":

1.不省略。what 引导名词性从句时,不省略。

2.有词义。what 引导名词性从句时,有词义。一般表示"……的东西/事情等",这一用法与that 的用法不一样。

3.作成分。what 在引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当成分。这一用法与that 的用法不一样。

例如:Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport.该句中,that引导同位语从句,在句中不作任何成分,不能省略且无词义。

What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. what引导主语从句,在句中有词义。

高频考点二:考查形式主语it放在句首,真正的主语是that从句

常用句型如下:

①It+系动词+n.+ that从句;

②It+系动词+adj.+ that从句;

③It+be+动词的ed(如said, reported, suggested等)+that从句;

④It+特殊动词(appear, seem, happen, matter, turn out, work out 等)+that从句。

高频考点三:考查whether与if的区别

whether与if在作"是否"讲时,是可以互换的。但在有些情况下不能互换:

1.whether可以与or not 连用,构成whether…or not或者whether or not,但if没有这种用法。

例如:Whether they do it or not matters little to us.他们干还是不干,与我们关系不大。

2.如果宾语从句是否定结构,则用if,而不用whether。

例如:I don t care if he doesn t show up.他来不来我都不在乎。

3.介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导。

例如:The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl s feelings.老师担心他是否伤害了女孩的感情。

4.引导表语从句和同位语从句时都用whether。

例如:The question is whether they can cooperate with us.问题是他们是否会与我们合作。

5.少数动词如discuss, doubt, leave, put后的宾语从句常用whether引导。

例如:They discussed whether they should close the shop.他们讨论了是否应该关掉商店。

6.whether后面可以接不定式短语,而if不能。

例如:We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.我们想知道今天走还是明天走。

7.为避免产生歧义,不用if,而用whether引导宾语从句。

例如:You should tell your mother whether you want to go with her for a holiday.你应该告诉你母亲你是否想和她一起度假。(若用if,则可能被理解为是条件状语从句:如果你想和你母亲一起度假,你就应当告诉她。)

高频考点四:考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气

1.在主语从句中, 下面的几种情况谓语动词通常用"should +动词原形

",should可以省略。

①"It is/was+形容词+that …"句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, strange, surprising等。

②"It is/was+名词+that…"句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal,requirement, request, desire, order等。

③"It is/was+动词的过去分词+that…"句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。

2.在下列动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用"should+动词原形",should可

以省略。

这类动词有:insist(坚持), urge(力劝), order(命令),command(命令), request(请求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要),suggest(建

议),advise(建议),propose(建议), recommend(建议, 推荐) 等。

3.在含有advice, order, demand, proposal, requirement, suggestion 等名词的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词用"should+动词原形",should可

以省略。

4.在wish后的宾语从句中:

①表示将来的愿望实现的可能性非常小时,宾语从句的谓语动词用情态动词should/could/would/might+动词原形。

例如:We wish the friendship between the two countries would last forever.

②表示与现在事实相反的愿望时,宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。

例如:He always wishes he were a millionaire and owned a big house and

a sports car.

③表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。

例如:How he wished he hadn t wasted too much time on playing computer games while at school.

5.在would rather后的宾语从句中,从句谓语常用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。

【英语】名词性从句知识点总结和题型总结

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