初中英语-意思相近-用法却不同的近义词汇总

初中英语-意思相近-用法却不同的近义词汇总
初中英语-意思相近-用法却不同的近义词汇总

初中英语-意思相近- 用法却不同的近

义词汇总

1. happen , take place

二者都有“发生”的意思。

happen 指事情的发生,往往带有"偶然"的意思。

It happens that I am free today. 恰好今天我没有事。

take place 指事先安排或策划好而后发生,没有" 偶然"的意思。

2. must, have to

must 表示说话人的主观看法;而have to 则表示客观需要。mustn\'t 意为“不可以;不允许” ;don\'t have to 意为“不必”。如:

(1)My father had to work when he was ten years old 。

(2)The play is not interesting. I really must go now 。

3. arrive , reach , get to

三者都有“到达”之意。

reach 为及物动词。They reached Tianjin yesterday. 昨天他们到达天津。

arrive 为不及物动词,后面接介词in 或at 。

get to 常用于口语,可代替前二者。

4. because , because of

二者均表示“因为”

because 是连词,引导状语从句。

We stayed at home because it rained.

因为下雨,我们呆在家。

because of 是短语介词,后面接名词性词语。

We stayed at home because of the rain .

因为下雨,我们呆在家。

5. in front of, in the front of

in front of ?意思是"在??前面" ,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括是

;其反义词behind(在??的后面)。

如:He walked in fount of me 。

There are some flowers in fount of the house

他走在我的前面。

房子前面有些花卉

in the front of 意思是"在某一空间内的前部" ,即甲物在乙物的范围之内;其反义词是at the back of ?(在??范围内的后部)。

如:There is a big desk and a blackboard in the fount of our classroom 。我们的教室前边有一张大桌子和一块黑板。

Our teacher stands in the fount of the classroom 。

我们的老师站在教室前

6. look , see , watch

三者都有“看”的意思。

look 是看的过程。

I looked , but saw nothing . 我看了,但什么也没看见。

see 是看的结果。

see a film 看电影

watch a football match 看足球比赛。

see a play 看戏(话剧)

watch 是看移动的事物或定晴地看。watch a football match 看足球比赛。

watch TV 看电视

7. sometime; sometimes; some time; some times

sometime 是副词,可与过去时或将来时连用,表示"(在过去)某个时候" 或"(在将来)某个时候"。

如I saw him sometime in May 。

some time 多数情况下作名词短语,意为" 一些时间;一些时候";它还可以作副词词组,用来表示一个未肯定的时刻,此时它可与sometime 互换。

如I\'ll be away for some time 。

sometimes 是一个表示时间频率的副词,意为"有时候"。

如:Sometimes I help my mother with the housework 。

some times 是" 几次、几倍" 之意。

如:They have been there several times 。

8. how long, how often, how far, how soon

how long 意为"多久、多长时间",主要是对一段时间进行提问,答语通常是(for)three days/weeks/months 等时间段,它可用于各种时态。

How long do you stay in Beijing every year?

每年你在北京住多久? how often 意为"多久??次、是否经常",用来提问在某一特定的时间进行某个动作的次数,答语通常是always ,usually ,often ,sometimes ,once/twice a day/month 等。

How often do you get to school very early?

你多久早到校一次?

how far 意为"多远" ,对距离提问时用。How far is that? 那有多远?

how soon 意为" 还要多久",是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问,常用在一般将来时态的句子中,其答语通常是"in + 一段时间"。

-How soon can you finish the work? 还要多久你能完成这项工作?

-In half an hour. 半小时后。

9. agree with ,agree to ,agree on

两者都有“同意”、“赞成”的意思。

agree with 后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词作宾语。agree with 还有“适合”、“符合”的含义。如:The climate here doesn\'t agree with him 。他不适合这里的气候。

agree to 后面一般接表示提议、办法、计划之类的名词作宾语。

agree on 就?达成一致的意见。

10. across , cross, crossing, through, past 1)cross 意为“横过,穿过”为动词,相当于walk(go ,run)across

Look both ways before you cross the road 。

(2) across 意为“横过,穿过”为介词,不作动词,不能作谓语,常放在动词之后,如:go across

He walked across the field 。

(3) through 是介词,含有“从?中间穿越”之意,表示四周含有物体的穿越。The ball went through the window 。

(4) past 既可作形容词也可作副词,做副词时有:“穿过,越过”之意。

Will you be going past my house on your way home?

(5) crossing 意为“渡口,人行横道,(铁路与公路的) 交叉点。

All the cars should stop before the zebra crossing 。

11.on ,in ,with

(1) on :表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒,乘坐交通工具等;

I don't want to talk about it on the phone 。

(2) in :使用语言文字等媒介

Can you speak it in English?

(3) with :借助具体的手段或工具。

Don't write it with a red pen 。

12. at,on,in

at, on, in 三者都可以表示" 在??的时候" 。

(1) at :表示在哪个时刻用;表示时间点。

I get up at six o'clock in the morning . 我早晨六点起床。

(2) On :表示在哪一天,哪一天的早上(下午、晚上);

on Wednesday , on Sunday morning , on May I , on a cold morning in 1936 (3) in :表示在哪一年(季、月),在上午,下午等。

in September , in the morning , in the afternoon

13. few, a few; little , a little

虽然都表示“少”,但

·few, a few 是可数的,little, a little 是不可数的。

·a few, a little 含肯定意味,few, little 含否定意味。

(1) They have a little ink, don't they? 他们有一点墨水,是吗?

(2) They have little ink, do they?

他们几乎没有墨水,是吗?

(3) She has a few Chinese friends, doesn't she? 他有几位中国朋友,是吗?

(4) She has few Chinese friends, does she? 他几乎没有几位中国朋友,是吗?

(5) She has a little dog 。她有一只小狗。

14. not ?until, until

not ?until 直到?才?(主句动词是短暂性动词)

(1) He didn't

一直到?(主go to bed until his mother came back 。。until

句中使用延续性动词)

(2) I study hard until it is midnight

every day 。

15. spend, pay, cost, take (1)Sb. Spend ?on sth. 某人花了?(时间、金钱)

在某事上。

I spend ten yuan on the book

(2) spend (in) doing sth. 某人花了?(时间、金钱)做某事。

She spent two hours in drawing the house 。

(3) Sb. pay ?for ?sth. 某人为某物花了?钱。

I paid 50 yuan for the clothes 。

(4) Sth. cost sb. ?某物花了某人?钱。

It cost us five dollars 。

(5) It takes/took sb. ?to do sth. 花了某人?(时间、金钱)做某事。

It takes us ten minutes to brush my teeth every day 。

16. too much, too many, much too

too much + 不可数名词too many + 可数名词much too + 形容词、副词

(1) There is too much milk in the basket 。

(2) She ate too many biscuits yesterday morning 。

(3) He runs much too quickly 。

(4) The chair is much too expensive 。

17. after , in

(1)After+ 时间段表达过去一段时间以后,常用于过去时态的句子;

I received the letter after two days .

我是两天以后收到这封信的。

(2)After+ 时间点表示将来一段时间以后,用于将来时态的句子。

He will arrive after four o'clock 。

(3) in+ 时间段以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句

子。

You will receive the letter in three days .

你三天以后将收到这封信。

18. ago , before

(1)ago 立足于现在,表示从现在起,若干时间之前;ago 通常与一般过去时连用,不能与完成时连用;

I met him three years ago 。(距今)三年前,我遇到他。

(2)before 立足过去,表示从过去某一时刻起,若干时间以前。before 通常与过去完成时连用。

I had met him three years before 。

(距当时)三年前我见到他一次。

19. alone, lonely

alone 是表语形容词,只能作表语用

Though I am alone, I am not lonely 。虽然我孤独一人,但我并不感到寂寞。lonely 除了有"孤独的"意思外,还有"寂寞的"意思。另外说明特点时还有“人迹稀少的”、“荒凉的”意思。

He was taken to a lonely house . 他被带到一个荒无人烟的房子内。

20. also , either , too , as well

also 用于肯定句. You study English and I also study it 。

你学英语,我也学。

either 用于否定句,并放在句尾;

You don't study English and I don't study it either 。

你不学英语,我也不学。

too 和as well 用于肯定句,放在句尾,多用于口语。

例如:

You are a student and I am a student, too.

你是学生,我也是。

You know the way and I know it as well.

你知道路,我也知道。

21. as,when,while

When :可与一个点的时间或表示一段的时间连用,从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时,也同先于主句的动作。

Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoodup 。

当老师进来时,学生们起立。

While :只指一段时间,不能指一点时间。因此while 从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,主句和从句的动作同时发生。Don'ttalkwhileyouareeating 。吃饭时你不要说话。

As:主句和从句的动作同时发生,有时可译作“一边??,一边”。

22. begin,start

二者均可表示“开始”

一般可以通用,但start 较为口语化。

Ithasbegun(started)raining 。已经开始下雨了。

start 还可表示“动身”、“开动”等意思,而begin 则不能这样用。例如:TheystartforBeijingtomorrow 。他们明天动身去北京。

23. date,day

date 指"日期"。What'sthedatetoday? 今天几号?

day 指"星期几",指二十四小时的一整天;也单指白天;也指重要的日子。

Whatdayistoday? 今天星期几?

Therearesevendaysinaweek 。一周有七天。

NationalDay 国庆节

24. besides,except,exceptfor,but “除??之外”

besides 的意思是"除?之外,还有?"是肯定的;包括,besides 后面的宾语在内,含有"加上"的意思。

Ihavethreeotherpensbesidesthis 。

除了这支笔外,我还有另外三支笔。

except(but) 的意思是"除??之外,没有?" 是否定的;不包括except 后的宾语在内,含有"减去"的意思。

but 用于"除了"之意时,只能用于noone,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything 等词之后。

Everybodyishereexcept(but)Mary 。

除了Mary 之外,大家都来了。

except for 的用法是在说明基本情况后,而在细节上加以纠正时

except for 有可以与except 互换,表示"除了??之外",但位于句首时,不

可以和except 互换。例如:Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes 。除了有几个拼写错误之外,你的作文很好。

besides 意为"除了??之外,还有"except 意为"除了??之外",but 用于"除了之意时,只能用于noone,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything 等词之后。

25. bring,take,fetch

bring 是" 带来" 。

例如:Don't forget to bring adictionary with you 。

别忘了把辞典带来。

take 是"带去"。

例如:Please take the small blackboard to the classroom

请把这块小黑板带到教室去。

fetch 是"去取","去拿来"。

例如:Please fetch me some chalk 。

26. borrow,lend 二者都有"借"的意思。borrow 是"借入",lend 是"借出" 。例如:

Can I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的钢笔吗?

Lend me your pen,will you? 把钢笔借给我用用,可以吗?

27. finally,at last,in the end 它们都有"最后"、"终于"的含义。但用法不同。finally 用于动词之前,表示人们长期以来期待的某事最后实现了。

He tried many times and finally succeeded 。

他试验了多次,最后成功了。

at last 也有此义,但期待的感情更强烈一些。

At last he has understood it 。最后他终于明白了这个。

in the end 表示经过许多变化或周折,最后发生了某事。

例如:We made several different plans for our holiday, but in the end we had a summer campagain 。

我们制定了好几种不同的度假方案,但最后我们还是选定了再来一次夏令营活动。

28. find,look for ,find out

二者都有“寻找”的意思find 是look for 的结果。

What are you looking for? 你在找什么?

look for 是find 之前的寻找过程。

Have you found your pen? 你找到你的钢笔了吗?

Find out 指经过一番努力最终找到。

I found out she was wrong 。我发现她错了。

29. join,take part in,join in

二者都有“参加”的意思。

join 多指参加某组织、党派或社会团体,成为其中的一个成员。

He joined the League in1985. 他在1985 年入团。

joinin 参加正在进行的竞赛、娱乐、谈话等活动。

如:join us in the match;

take part in 指参加活动、群众性活动或会议,并在其中起一定作用。

The old man took part in the Long March 。这位老人参加过长征。

30. dress , have sth. on , wear , put on

它们都有"穿" 、" 戴" 的意思。但用法不同have sth. on 表示穿戴的状态。He had a straw hat on . 他戴了一顶草帽。

wear 表示穿戴的状态。

She likes to wear the light green dress .

她喜欢穿浅绿色的衣服。

put on 表示穿戴的动作.

You'd better put on your overcoat before going out 。出门之前你最好穿上大衣。

dress 既表动作也表状态。

The mother is dressing her baby .

母亲正给她的婴儿穿衣服。

31. take care of, look after

take care 意为“注意”,“当心”,“留心”。可以单独使用,也可以跟不定式或that 从句。

Take care!The ice is thin 。当心! 冰很薄。

take care of 意为“照顾”,“照料”,侧重于负有责任这一层意思,后面的宾

语从句可以是人,也可以是某物,比较口语化。

Please take care of my house 。请照看一下我的家。

look after 一般情况下可替换take care of ,在意思上强调看管或照料,其宾语可以是物,但多数情况下是人或动物。

Will you look after my dog? 请照看一下我的狗好吗?

32. whether ,if 这两个连词都作“是否”解,引导宾语从句时,两者通常可以互换。但在下列几种情况下,不可用if 代替whether 。

1)当whether 与or not 连成词组时。

I don't know whether or not they will come for our help 。我不知道他们是否来帮助

我们。

2)whether 用在不定式前面时。

She hasn't decided whether to go or not 。

她还没有决定去还是不去。

3)whether 引导的从句放在句首时。

Whether this is true or not,I can't say 。

这是不是真的,我不说(或我说不准)

33. either ,either ?or, neither, neither ?nor,

both ?and

either 其意为“两者中的任何一个”。

There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。either 用在否定句的句末,表示"也"的意思。

If you don't go there, I won't, either. 如果你不去那里,我也不去。

either...or. 。。意为" 或者??或者??;不是??就是??"之意。表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。

either...or. 。。连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的"就近原则"。

同义句转换类型大全初中英语

英语学习中体现为运用不同句型来表述同一意思。细微而言,表述同一意思的各个不同句型各有其语义上的倾 重点;但一般情况下,尤其是对初学者而言,这种细微 的“异”并不要求强调。换言之,是要求从“同”的角 度来看待表述同一意思的不同句型。本章拟以列举实例 的方式来作一综合介绍。 一、一句多讲 1.今天天气怎么样? How is the weather today? What is the weather like today? 2.你怎么啦? What is the matter with you? What’s your trouble? What’s wrong with you? 3.是上学的时候了。 It’s time for school. It’s time to go to school. 4.这男孩今天16岁了。 The boy is sixteen (years old). The boy is at the age of sixteen. He is a boy of sixteen.

5.我把门打开你不介意吧? Do you mind if I open the door? Do you mind my opening the door? 6.他每天花1小时做作业。 It takes him an hour to do his homework every day. He spends an hour (in) doing his homework every day. He spends an hour on his homework every day. 7.自从1992年以来上海发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in Shanghai since 1992. There have been great changes in Shanghai since 1992. Shanghai has changed a lot since 1992. 8.她的父亲去世5年了。 Her father died five years ago. Her father has been dead for five years. It is five years since her father died. (这里用It has been five years亦可。) 9.我没有钢笔和铅笔。 I have no pens and no pencils. I have neither pens nor pencils. I have no pens or pencils. (no = not any,所以可用not any代替no)

初中英语常用近义词组辨析练习

I (A) 用所给的词组填空。 as fast as possible at the same time as usual at least at the beginning of at times at once at the head of at the top of at most at first at last 1. I can pay only fifty pounds _______________. 2. _______________ my mother lets me watch TV in the evening. 3. The two runners reached the finishing line _______________. 4. It was late for school. Li Lei ran _______________. 5. She would go home, _______________, for Christmas. 6. If you find any mistakes, tell me _______________. 7. _______________ he knew the meaning of the text. 8. The exam will begin _______________ June. 9. _______________ he was a little shy in class, but now he is active. 10. Mary graduated _______________ her class. 11. There were _______________ a hundred people in the hall. 12. There was snow _______________ the mountains. (B) 用所给的词组填空。 how long how soon how far how often how much how many how deep how old 1. --- __________ do you go to Beijing --- Once a year. 2. --- __________ do you want to go to Beijing again --- I can’t wait to. 3. --- __________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing --- About 1,157 kilometers. 4. --- __________ have you been a League member --- Three years. 5. --- __________ will Mr Green come back to Beijing --- In three years. 6. --- __________ kilos of milk was produced on the farm in 2001 --- 48,400 kilos. 7. --- __________ is the Lake, do you know --- It’s about 1,600 meters deep, I think. 8. --- __________ was he last year--- Ten. (C) 用所给的词组填空。 in the day instead of in English in the future in fact in time in this way in the open air 1. I’ll go to see her _______________ you. 2. No one knows what will happen _______________. 3. No one believed it, but, _______________ Mary did get an A in maths.

高中英语中的近义词辨析实例分析

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初中英语常用同义词辨析(70) 初中英语常用同义词辨析(70) noise, sound, voice 这些名词均含声音之意。 noise : 通常指不悦耳的、令人烦恼的嘈杂声,隐含贬义。 sound : 普通用词,含义笼统,指人们能听到的各种声音,无褒贬色彩。 voice : 指人说话或唱歌时发出的声音。 nonsense, rubbish 这两个名词均含废话,胡说之意。 nonsense : 指因愚蠢或无知而出现的一切荒唐和无意义的言语。 rubbish : 从本义垃圾引申而指毫无价值的话或思想。 normal, ordinary, regular, natural, typical 这些形容词均含规则的,正常的,正规的之意。 normal : 指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。 ordinary : 强调一般性和普通性,含不突出的意味。 regular : 指已有模式、有规律或定期的。 natural : 侧重某人或某物的行为符合其固有特性。 typical : 指个体能体现出群体的特征。

notice, note, mind, attend, remark 这些动词均含注意之意。 notice : 指对所见所闻所感的人或事作出的反应,侧重结果。 note语气比notice强,指不仅注意到,而且记录下来,侧重注意的认真与仔细。 mind : 指用心地去观察,了解某人或某物以达到某一目的。常用于命令句中。 attend : 一般用词,侧重专心于某事。 remark : 一般指经过思维活动而注意到。 nourish, feed, graze 这些动词均含提供所需食物,喂养之意。 nourish : 指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料,尤指用营养品促进生长。 feed : 普通用词,含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物,又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。 graze : 侧重指用正在生长的青草喂养牲畜。 novel, romance, fiction, story, fable, tale 这些名词均含小说,故事之意。

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高中英语易混易错词汇总结 1. clothes,cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, anarticle of2.incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故Hewas killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount后接不可数名词,number后接可数名词a numberof student s 4. family, house,home home 家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员.Myfamily is a happy one. 5. sound, voice,noise sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate theloud noise outside. 6. photo,picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word具体的单词He has a largevocabulary. 8. population, people population人口,人数,people具体的人Chinahas a large popula tion. 9. weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况The climatehere is not goodfor you. 10. road,street,path,way road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径takethis road; in thestreet,show methe wayto themuseum. 11. course, subject course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)a summer course 12. custom, habit custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do,habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. I've gotthehabitof drinking a lot. 13.cause, reason cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接of sth./doingsth,rea son用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. therea sonforbeing late 14.exercise,exercises,practice

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初中英语近义词辨析1

初中英语近义词辨析1 初中英语近义词辨析(一) 1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of 2. family, house, home home 家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 3. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 4. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画. 5. population, people population人口,人数,people具体的人 China has a large population. 6. road, street, path, way road具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径,way道路,途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 7. custom, habit custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do, habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.

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关于这一点,她什么也没有对我讲。 *speak 当及物动词用时,宾语一般是语言或词语之类的词。如: does anyone speak english here? 这儿有人会说英语吗? 2、good well nice good 形容词,好的,合适的,新鲜的,擅长的。 well 作形容词时,指"(身体)健康的”;还可用作副词,修饰动词。nice形容词,美好的,令人愉快的,可爱的,特指取悦感官的事物。she is good at english.她擅长英语。 this cake tastes good.这蛋糕好吃。 his mother is very well.他妈妈很健康。 she is a nice little girl.她是个可爱的小姑娘。 3、look see watch read 看 look通常为不及物动词,强调“看”的动作,指“认真看”,强调看的对象时,后须接介词at才能带宾语,即look at。 see是及物动词侧重于看的结果“看见,看到” watch 作动词,意为“观看,注视”,多指观看运动着的事物,如电视、比赛、表演等。 read 主要强调“读,阅读,朗读”,汉语中常译成“看”,多指看书、报、杂志。 look!the man is coming!看!那个男的来了。 look at the map .看这张地图。 can you see the dog over there?你能看见那儿的狗吗?

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4. abolish/cancel 5. above all/first of all/at first 6. accuse/charge/blame/scold

7. acquire/obtain/gain/win/earn 8. adjust/adapt 9. adopt/adapt 10. agreement/contract/bargain

11. also/too/either/as well/besides/moreover 12. anxious/eager/keen 13. apart from/except/except for/except that/besides

14. argue/debate/discuss/quarrel 15. ashamed/shameful/shame 16. at ease/with ease

17. attempt/try/manage 18. attend/join/join in/take part in/participate in 19. average/common/ordinary/general/usual

高级英语近义词辨析整理

第1 课 1.destroy一词最为常见,主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底,一般不带感情或修辞色彩。demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体,如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义,指任何复合体的被毁,如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments。意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”。而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈,字面意思是“化为乌有”,但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤。如说annihilate an enemy force,是指使敌军遭到重创,不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说annihilate one?s opponent in a debate,是指彻底驳倒对手。 2. decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如:His teeth have begun to decay.(他的牙齿开始老化变坏。) rot指有机物质,如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质,如:rotting apples(烂了的苹果)。 spoil用于非正式文体,常指食物变质。如:Fish spoils quickly in summer。(鱼在夏天极易变质。) molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如:Old buildings molder away.(老房子渐渐腐烂了。) disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如:rocks disintegrated by frost and rain(被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石)。 decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如:Water can be decomposed(be decomposed)into hydrogen and oxygen.(水可分解成氧和氧。)该词还可用来替代rot,使语气略显委婉。 在给出答案之前,首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下。 The sentence fragment:片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说,它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号.将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来,那便叫做片断句,练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句,即片断句。 The run-on sentence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句,而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子,这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句,练习中的第2句即是。The dangling modifier:垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)组成的短语若使用不当,与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系,这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误,只是修辞上的毛病,但仍应避免使用这样的结构,尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。 The illogical or faulty parallelism:误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从句用and 与主句相联。关联连词(both…and,either…or等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。 The shift in point of view:角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中的错句可改正如下:The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu. These snakes are dangerous. However,most snakes are quite harmless. 3.Looking out toward the horizon,she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born,a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie. 4.We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent. 5.Last year,after I had graduated from high school.my father put me to work in his office. 6.To appreciate the poem,one must read it aloud. 7.1 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday. 8.Driving across the state,one saw many beautiful lakes. 9.Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful. 1O.I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends. 11.He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers. 12.I am interested in electronics,which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science.

初中英语同义句转换大全

一同义词互相转换 1 alone=by oneself We finished the work alone./by ourselves. 2 actually=in fact Actually, this question is very easy./ In fact, this question is very easy. 3 also=too=as well He’s also a member of us./He’s a member of us, too./He’s a member of us as well. 4 another=one more I’m afraid you have to wait for another ten minutes./I’m afraid you have to wait ten more minutes. 5 arrive in(at)/=get to=reach When she arrived in/got to/reached America, she suddenly felt lonely. 6 iat once=right now Run home at once=Run home right now. 7 continue/go on Let’s continue/go on reading the passage. 8 cost=spend=take=pay (1)I spent ten yuan of/(in) buying this book../This book cost me ten yuan./I paid ten yuan for this book. (2)It took us three days to fulfill this task./We spent three days on this task/in fulfilling this task. 9 cross=go across Before crossing/going across the road, please look both sides. 10 sometimes/=t times He is a good man, but he can be really bad-tempered sometimes./at times. 11 die/=ose one’s life Those people died/lost their lives during the earthquake. 12 now/at the moment She is talking about the problem with her classmates now./at the moment 13 else=other What else/other things can you see in the picture? 14 then=t that moment/at that time She was shopping then/at that moment/at that time, so she knew nothing about it. 15 like/love/enjoy/be fond of/be interested in/care for She likes/enjoys/loves/is fond of/is interested in/cares for collecting stamps very much. 16 will/be going to/be about to The teachers will/are going to/are about to have a meeting tomorrow afternoon. 17 want/would like Do you want to go abroad to study further?/Would you like to go abroad to study further/

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