独立主格结构的概念、作用和形式

独立主格结构的概念、作用和形式
独立主格结构的概念、作用和形式

独立主格结构是高中英语考试中考查频率很高的语法点,除了在单选中会遇到它,在其它各种题型中如完型、阅读中也会看到它。如果在作文中能用上一两个独立主格结构,文章瞬间提升一个档次。今天,小简老师就来和大家一起学习独立主格的概念、作用和形式。

一.独立主格结构的概念:

独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。

需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二.独立主格结构的作用:独立主格结构在句子中一律做状语状语。

三.独立主格的形式:

1.名词(代词)+现在分词

The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后,我们就回家了。

We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting.

明天假设天气好,我们就进行比赛。

2. 名词(代词)+过去分词

The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。

More time given, we should have done the job much better.

如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。

3.名词(代词)+不定式

So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.

有如此多的人来帮助他,他一定会成功的。

4. 名词(代词)+介词短语

The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hands. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。

A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了,手里拿着书。

5. 名词(代词)+形容词或副词

He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排,嘴半开着。

She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready to begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前,衣领已解掉,头低了下来,拿好钢笔,准备开始写一封长信。

6. There being +名词(代词)

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。

There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed.

没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。

7. It being +名词(代词)

It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.

由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。

It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。注意:独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。

Don’t sleep with the windows open. 别开着窗睡觉。

He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。

She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。

He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。

I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。

独立主格结构

独立主格结构 概念:由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与主句不发生句法上的联系。 构成:逻辑主语+逻辑谓语 特点:1. 用逗号与主句分开; 2. 逻辑主语与主句主语不同,单独存在。 位置:句前、句末或句中,位置相当灵活。 注意:独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词 句法功能: 1.作时间状语All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open. = After/ when all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open. 2.作条件状语All the work done, you can have a rest. = All the work is done, and you can have a rest. 3.作原因状语The boy leading, we had no trouble finding the strange cave 4.作伴随状语或补充说明I took my ticket, and marched proudly up the platform, with my cheeses, the people filling back respectfully on either side. (Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome) 5.作定语,其功能相对于一个定语从句Close to the bank I saw deep pools, the water blue like the sky. 基本结构: 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词 e.g.: There being no bus, we had to walk home. (由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走路回家。) 2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 e.g.: City born and city bred, I have always regards the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the week. 3. 名词(代词)+不定式 e.g.: Many trees, flowers, and glass to be planted, out newly-built school will look even more beautiful. (种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。) 4. 名词(代词)+形容词 e.g.: The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse. (特洛伊人睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里面悄悄爬了出来。) 5. 名词(代词)+副词 e.g.: The lights off, we could not go on with the work. (灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。) 6. 名词(代词)+名词 e.g.: His first shot failure, he fired again. (他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。)

英语语法——独立主格

英语语法——独立主格 一、独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点: (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 (2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的形式 英语中,独立主格结构的形式是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成独立主格结构。 1. 名词 / 代词 + 不定式。如: A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。 2. 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。如: The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。 3. 名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。如: His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。 4. 名词 / 代词 + 形容词。如: The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。 5. 名词 / 代词 + 副词。如: The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。 6. 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。如: Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1. 作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后,学生们都回家了。

5种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解

英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3)Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如: 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) +V erb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例: 1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。 四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词) 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

独立主格结构的用法

独立主格结构的用法 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式、名词等构成,在句中常作状语。 一、独立主格结构的特点 1、独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不同,它独立存在。 2、名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 3、独立主格结构一般是用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的构成 1、名词或代词 + 现在分词 The children playing in the room, I couldn’t get down studying. 孩子们在屋里玩,我没法学习。 Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了,我只好待在家里照顾她。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。 2、名词或代词 + 过去分词 Five years later, he returned home, his character greatly changed. 五年后他返回家乡,性格大变了。 They walked along holding hands, their fingers interlocked. 他们手指交错,携手而行。 The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。 Everything considered, his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑,他的计划似乎好一些。 That done, he put on his sweater and went out. 做完这事他穿上毛衣出去了。 The question settled, they went back to their respective posts. 问题解决了,他们就各自回到了他们的工作岗位。 This done, we went home. 做完这事,我们就回家了。 3、名词或代词 + 不定式 在“名词/代词 + 动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式,如: We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor. 我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。 He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company. 下个星期他会去参加会议,所有费用归公司出。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 学校种上了许多树、花和草,我们新建的学校看起来越来越漂亮了。 4、名词或代词 + 形容词 He entered the room, his face pale. 他走进屋来脸色苍白。

独立主格用法详解

一、 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点: (1)结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 (2)名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、 英语中,的形式是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成。 1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。如: A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。 Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。 2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。如: The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。 3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。如: His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。 4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。如: The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。 5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。如: The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。 6. Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。 三、 在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1.作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后,学生们都回家了。 The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后,比赛开始了。 2.作条件状语 It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话,我们就去划船。

英语语法——独立主格

独立主格 10.1 独立主格 (一):独立主格结构的构成: 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词; 名词(代词)+形容词; 名词(代词)+副词; 名词(代词)+不定式; 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 (二)独立主格结构的特点: 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 举例: The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后,我们才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆 10.2With的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. 典型例题 The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。

高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格 一、独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”,是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实,所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分句,与主句紧密联系在一起,共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。 二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能 独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构。 1.名词/代词+ 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 例The man lay there, his hands trembling. So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 注:“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。 2.名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been,being。如果加上,这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。 3.名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two books,the third one to come out next month. We shall get together at 7:30, the procession(游行)to start moving at 8 sharp. 4. 名词/代词+名词 名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 例Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon. 5.名词/代词+形容词短语 形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。 例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of sorry. 这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就变成了现在分词分句。 6.名词/代词+副词 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。

独立主格结构图表解析

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D. it 5. The cave __ very dark, he lit some candles ___ light. A. was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give 6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand __ a gun and his face ____ with sweat.A held; covered B. holding; covering C. holding; covered D. held; covering 7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ___ . A. flowed in the breeze B. was flowing in the breeze C. were flowing in the breeze D. flowing in the breeze 8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ___ parents seated together joking.

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