快速阅读真题讲练

快速阅读真题讲练
快速阅读真题讲练

What is Integrity?

①.The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.

What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others.

②.Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.

Risky Business

We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.

Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. ③.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. ④.But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense.

"But Everybody Does It"

Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.

⑤.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.

Evaluating Risks

To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as

well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. ⑥.Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.

Getting Away With It--Or Not

depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONL Y policy that works.

Cheating Hurts Others, Too

Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but ⑧.a cheater

regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.

Why Integrity Matters

If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble.

medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond

swindles, and, of course,

integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.

In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.

解析:

1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.

A) sticks to them in their daily life

B) makes them known to others

C) understands their true values

D)sees that others also follow them

选择sticks to them in their daily life

定位在原文第一段,文中说正直(integrity)的关键是一致性(consistency),不仅要有很多道德和伦理的准则,还要每天都坚守。

2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?

A) It helps to create team spirit

B) It facilitates communication

C) It is the basis of mutual trust

D) It inspires mutual respect

选择It is the basis of mutual trust.

题干问正直在人际关系和事业关系中扮演着什么样的角色。定位回第二段,文中说“信任(trust)在任何关系中都是最根本的 (essential),而正直正是最重要的目标之一”。

3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?

A. To ensure we make responsible choices.

B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.

C. so that we don’t break any rules.

D. so that we don’t run into trouble.

选择To ensure we make responsible choices.

定位回原文第四段标红的句子,答案完全照抄原文。

4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______?

A. it has caused no harm.

B. it is claimed to be unintentional.

C. it has gone unnoticed.

D. it is committed with good intentions

选择it is claimed to be unintentional.

定位至第四段倒数第二句,文中说“无意识的(unintentional)”并不能为这一违背(violation)道德的行为开脱。

5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?

A. Avoid making excuses.

B. Listen to other people’s advice.

C. Make his intensions public.

D. Have others watch over his shoulder.

选择Avoid making excuses

定位回到第六段段首,watch out for excuses与本答案对应。

6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______.

A. will often become more cautious

B. are usually very aggressive

C. value immediate benefits most.immediate benefits

D. may lose everything in the end

选择

定位回到第七段二句,文章说那些人通常专注于当下的利益,与本答案对应。

7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.

A) pay more dearly

B) become more confident

C) be widely admired

D) feel somewhat lucky

定位点在八段首,看到其他三个选项大概都会笑出来。

8、这题不好找,在倒数第三段中间

Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to steal a grade.

本空在原文的成分是表语,故steal是动名词+ing的形式,这里空前的to是动词不定式的标志,因此steal要改为原型,未改写者不得分。

9、倒数二段首句中"rely on"处

Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.

10、倒数第二段中间处

Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of Watergate.

本次快速阅读选择题整体难度偏易,填空题偏难,话题幽默讽刺,意在告诉大家要做一个正直的人,考试不能作弊。

仔细阅读

Passage One

来自英国卫报(The Guardian): single-sex schools help boys to enjoy arts, says study

57.Boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.

Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either

sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereo*type, the US study says.

57.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

The report, presented at a conference of the International Boys' Schools Coalition in London

better when taught alongside girls.

The headmaster of Eton, Tony Little, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because 59.it had become too focused on girls. He criticised teachers for failing to recognise that boys are actually more emotional than girls, despite the fact that girls "turn on the waterworks".

The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become demoralised when their female counterparts do better earlier in verbal skills and reading, because the left side of the brain develops faster in girls. They also felt they had to be "cool" rather than studious.

60.But in single sex schools teachers are able to tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, education expert Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Boys in boys' schools "loved" to pen verse because they enjoyed the "inherent structure in poems", James said. Because, the researchers say, boys generally have better spatial skills, more acute vision, learn best through touch, are more impulsive and more physically active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around, with this natural impulse not seen as disruptive. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.

61.Single sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype gained from the media by girls that men should be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In the present sexualised atmosphere prevalent in mixed schools, boys feel coerced into acting like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the report said.

解析:

57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _____.

A. force boys to h ide their emotions to be “real men”

B. help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys

C. encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

D. naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man

选择 encourage boys to express their emotions more freely

题目问男生学校可以怎样,

着更好的促进作用。

58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _____.

B. grow up more healthily

C. behave more responsibly

D. receive a better education

选择perform relatively better

本题较难,题干问通常大家都认为在男女同校的学校中男生都怎样。

原文四段末句中received wisdom表示常识或者被多数人所接受的观点,于是后面的部分是本题的出题点。

59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?

A. It fails more boys than girls academically.

B. It focuses more on mixed school education.

C. It fails to give boys the attention they need.

D. It places more pressure on boys than on girls.

选择it fails to give boys the attention they need

原文红字处说这些体制都更关心女生,取反之后意为这些体制都没那么关心男生,于是与此选项对应。

60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _____.

A. teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

B. boys can focus on their lessons without being distracted

C. boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested in

D. teaching can be designed to promote boys’ team spirit

选择teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys

原文红字说在男校里,老师可以"根据男生的学习风格量身定制(tailor)课程"

61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James’ report?

A. They enjoy being in charge.

B. They conform to stereotypes.

C. They have sharper vision.

D. They are violent and sexist.

选择they conform to stereotype

文章最后两段都是在总结人们对男生的一般印象以及男校如何避免一些问题的出现,James的实验提及许多男生都正遵循着老套的路线发展,即本选项的同义改写;其余选项均是例举中的具体内容,包含于此答案。

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