高中英语疑难探究 I don't think的否定转移素材
I don’t think的否定转移
有网友问，我们老师说当主语是第一人称，think, believe, expect, guess 等动词接that宾语从句时，如果用否定式，否定意义要转移到从句的谓语。例如：I don't think he is honest. “我认为他不诚实。”
但我却看到这样一个句子：He doesn't think you realize the gravity of the situation. “他认为你没意识到局势的严重性。”我的疑问是，这个句子主句的主语是第三人称，为什么也否定转移了呢?
关于这个问题，实际上适用于各种人称，不单纯是第一人称。所以，完全可以说：He doesn't think you realize the gravity of the situation.
关于此问题，我想说明一下个人的理解：
I don't think he is honest. 在翻译成汉语时，不一定非要把“否定”转移到从句。以下两种译法都对：
“我认为他不诚实。”
“我不认为他诚实。”
如果把以上两句汉语再翻译成英语时，则要按英语的习惯来翻译，应把否定词转移到主句上来，应说：I don't think he is honest. 不说：I think he isn’t honest.
由此说明，汉语翻译是否转移不受限制，而英语的转移则是习惯要求的。此外，下列情况，否定则不转移。
1. 如果否定词不是not，而是never, hardly 等，则不转移。因为一旦转移，意思跟原来不符。例如：
I think he will never escape hard work. 我想他永远逃避不了辛苦的工作。
We think she can hardly finish the job in one day. 我们认为她很难在一天内完成这项工作。
2. 如果think有其他成分修饰，则不转移。因为一旦转移，意思跟原来不符。例如：
He thinks with reason that I do not like him. 他有理由认为我不喜欢他。
I do think you aren't right. 我确实认为你不对。
We really think he won't come tonight. 我们真的认为他今晚不会来。
3. think的这种否定转移，限于一般现在时态和过去时态，如果是完成时或其他时态，则不转移。因为一旦转移，意思跟原来不符。例如：
I've always thought he is not honest. 我一直认为他不诚实。
下面重点谈谈You don't think的否定转移：
1. You don't think that you've betrayed your country. — No I don't. No, not at all.
“你认为你没有背叛自己的国家。”——“我没有，根本没有。”来自《柯林斯例句》
2. You don't think he's gone native, do you? Perhaps he has married out there and decided he can't come home.
你觉得他并没有入乡随俗，是吗？可能他和那里的人结了婚，认定回不了家了。来自《柯林斯例句》英语中的问题，如果“语法”解决不了，我们可以尝试从“逻辑”的角度去分析和判断。常言道，“语法”是研究句子对不对的，“修辞”是研究句子好不好的，“逻辑”是研究句子通不通的。下面我想谈三个问题，尽量简练一些：
一、句子的肯定和否定：
第一组：
1. The bomb exploded. 炸弹爆炸了。
2. The bomb didn’t explode. 炸弹没有爆炸。
句1和句2，前者动作发生了，后者动作未发生，句子意思相反。
第二组：
1. He said he was not busy. 他说他不忙。
2. He didn’t say he was busy. 他没说他忙。
句1和句2，前者否定在宾语从句，后者否定在主语从句，意思大不一样。
第三组：
1. I think it is true. 我认为这是真的。
2. I don’t think it is true. 我不认为这是真的。
（1）本组跟第一组做比较：很明显，exploded就是“已经爆炸”，而didn’t explode就是“没有爆炸”，就是说，肯定形式表示动作“发生”，否定形式表示动作“未发生”。但是，对于think而言就不一样了，在表达“观点，看法”时，think不管肯定还是否定，都意味着“发生”。就是说，“认为”也好，“不认为”也好，都表示人的思维活动，都意味着“人的观点和看法”已经存在着。
（2）本组跟第二组做比较：既然think是表达“人的观点和看法”，它的肯定和否定都表示已经存在和发生，不像“说”这个动作，说了就是“发生了”，没说就是“没发生”。而且“我不认为”跟“我认为不”在逻辑上没有差别。那么，I don’t think it is true.就等于说I think it is not true. 但是，对于said就不一样了：He didn’t say he was busy. 不等于He said he was not busy.
综上，think的肯定和否定都意味着动作已“发生”，并且“认为不”和“不认为”在逻辑上没有本质差别。——这就为“否定转移”奠定了基础。
二、英语句子的汉语翻译：
对于think类表示观点的动词而言，应把宾语从句的否定转移到think上，一般语法书都说，这是英语的表达习惯，但没有指出为什么。仔细分析，这实际是人们的思维习惯和逻辑使然。举个例子：The earth goes the around the sun. （地球围绕太阳转。）科学家们认为这是事实，所以，They think the earth goes the around the sun.（科学家们认为地球围绕太阳转。）而基督徒们则不这样认为，因此说，They don’t think the earth goes the around the sun. （基督徒们不认为地球围绕太阳转。）这个例子说明：我们用肯定句表示一个假定的论点，然后人们对这个假定的论点发表“肯定”或是“否定”的看法。故出现了这种貌似习惯表达，实则符合人们思维逻辑的语言现象。
说到汉语翻译，是否转移则不受限制，原因是“认为不”和“不认为”没有本质差别。就是说，在翻译成汉语时，不一定非要把“否定”转移到从句。所以，以下两种译法都对：
I don’t think he is honest.
“我认为他不诚实。”
“我不认为他诚实。”
Mary doesn’t think he is honest.
“玛丽认为他不诚实。”
“玛丽不认为他诚实。”
You don't think he is honest, do you?
“你认为他不诚实，是吗？”
“你不认为他诚实，是吗？”
三、含有think的反义疑问句：
有人曾引用含有think的反义疑问句，来证明You don’t think不存在否定转移。指出：“不难看出，两个句子的附加疑问句部分都用了do you? 这就说明，don't think都没有否定转移，否则附加疑问句部分应该用don't you? 或根据从句用分别用has he? 和would it?”。
上述问题的意思是，如果是否定转移的话，You don't think he's gone native, do you? 应改为：①You don't think he's gone native, don’t you? 或者②You don't think he's gone native, has he?
——如果这样理解的话，那么，我倒觉得曾老师才是从汉语的角度去考虑英语的转移。否定转移的实质是：在think等词的宾语从句中，英语习惯上不用否定，而是把否定移到主句上面。至于怎么翻译和理解，那是汉语的事情，翻译成“认为不”或者“不认为”都行。反义疑问句You don't think he's gone native,
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What is a climax of a story?（什么是故事高潮?） More tension=satisfying climax 文学故事中的高潮（climax）----故事的主要场景（key scene）也通常是故事的转折点（turning point），是指故事达到最紧张或扣人心弦的那一部分。高潮有时候是剧情中的 "危机" 点。有时候, 它只是达到关键时刻或者转折点, 发生了一些事情, 或者主角必须做出决定, 从而导致一个结果或其他。我们在分析叙事类故事或者小说故事的时候常常用下面的图表来表示故事情节。 常见故事高潮示例： 1. A little girl has been searching for her lost dog. All of a sudden, she hears a bark coming from around the corner, and she looks around to see . . . 2. Kevin has worked very hard to try out for the soccer team at school. The coach has posted a list of this year's team members on his office door. Kevin walks forward to look at the list . . . . 3. Mary's parents have been discussing whether or not to move to another state. They call Mary and her sister down to talk with them about their decision . . . 4. Lois has performed in the state gymnastics finals. She waits anxiously to hear the names of the winners. The announcer says, "And first place goes to . . ." 文学名著中的一些故事高潮 1. The deaths of Romeo (who kills himself because he thinks Juliet is dead) and Juliet (who kills herself when she awakes and sees Romeo dead). Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare （罗密欧和朱丽叶，莎士比亚） 2. When Gaston and the townspeople come to attack the beast, and Belle admits her love for the beast. Beauty and the Beast, Disney （美女与野兽，迪士尼） 3. In "The Three Little Pigs," suspense builds up until the confrontation between the third pig and the wolf. This confrontation is the climax.（三只小猪） How to create a climax of a story? (如何营造故事的高潮？) 方法1.增加外部冲突 增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的可以达到故事高潮的方式。冲突带来紧迫感, 将故事推向必要的解决或崩溃。 1）角色之间的冲突(人物观点差异, 竞争需要等) 如：2017年11月浙江英语高考：On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why
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1.bring 与take相反bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 拿来，带来，送来 bring about vt. 引起，突现，造成bring in 引进、引来、吸收 bring back 归还，带回来bring back to life (health) 使复生，使恢复健康bring out 显示出来，表现出来，讲清楚；出版；生产；提出bring on 使．．．前进bring up 提出；抚育大，教养bring down 1. 降低 2. 使．．．倒下2.break break away 突然逃掉或离开；断绝往来；改掉（习惯）；破除（旧做法） break away from 脱离．．．break the rule 违反规定 break down （身体）垮了；（谈话）中断；（机器）坏了；压倒，克服 break forth 突然（迸出）break in 突然进入，非法进入；插嘴，打岔 break into 破门而入；突然，一下子．．．；打扰，打断 break out爆发；突然（大声地）vt .break off vt. 打断,折断；中断，断绝（关系）break through 突破，打通break up 分散,折散；分解；腐蚀 3.burn燃烧，烧毁；烧着；晒黑 burn away vi. 熊熊燃烧；烧掉，烧完burn one’s fingers 吃亏 burn the midnight oil 开夜车burn down 把．．．烧成平地、烧光 The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down . burn ... to the ground 烧毁，把．．．烧平 In the country the revolutionaries set fire to the nobles' castles and burnt them to the ground . ( SIIL 87 ) 4.matter vi. 有关系，有严重性，要紧没关系It doesn’t matter. It doesn’t matter that．．．．= It doesn’t make difference that．．．It doesn’t matter doing sth. n. What’s the matter?怎么啦？What’s the matter with ．．．? No matter what(how．．．)．．．不管怎么．．． It is no matter that．．．．没关系as a matter of fact事实上，不瞒你说 5.check check sth. 检查,调查,核对; 阻止,遏制check in 报到,签到,到达 check off 核对无误; 下班check on 查清楚,检查 check out 把…检查一遍,清点登记; 结账后离开(旅馆) check over 检查一遍check through 查看,校阅 check up (on) 检查,调查,核对check with 和…核对;和…相符n. make a check of 核对,检查check 支票, (饭馆)账单, 方案keep (hold) in check 控制住 6.burst burst through 冲破；爆裂；炸破；胀破burst forth 突然出现（发生）；(vi.) burst into tears (laughter, leaf, blossom) 突然（进入某种状态或发生某种情况） burst with 装得满满的，装得快要裂开了；非常，．．．之极 突然．．．起来burst out laughing (crying… ) burst into song (sweat…) be bursting to do sth. 急于做．．．；迫切想做．．． 7.appear vi. link-v. = seem 似乎, 显得 appear to do sth. appear + adj. appear + done appear + sth. It appear that…. 8.look link-v look + adj. (过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来， look about 四周打量look about for 四处寻找look ahead 预测未来
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【英语】高中英语词组固定搭配(整理珍藏 一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 请求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事 fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 帮助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 promise to do sth. 答应做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词： aim to do sth. 打算做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事
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最新高中英语读后续写积累素材积累(一) (1)
续写积累 姓名：______________ 班级：_______________ 一、环境描写的素材 环境描写分为客观和主观两种角度：客观为从环境事物本身入手，主观则从观察者角度描写。通常在描写时主客观交替进行，主观描写比重稍大。 客观环境描写： Part 1 环境描写的adj要求：有声，有色，有质感，有味道 the blue sky(蓝天）the songs of birds（鸟鸣）the thundering clouds（电光闪雷鸣） the fragile flowers (娇嫩的花）;（the dark,raining evening 雨夜交加的夜晚）the green grass（青草） the fragrant roses（艳丽的玫瑰）; the setting/rising sun(落日/冉冉升起的太阳）… Part 2 环境描写的verb （vi&vt）要求 一)．Wind （blow/click/howl/wail/roar） 1.A gust of wind blew and parted the drooping branches of the weeping willow like a curtain,…一阵风吹，吹起了弯柳的低垂枝条，就像卷起的窗帘。 2.The wind, soft and cold, clicked through tree branches and stirred the bushes that sprinkled the slope.风，轻柔却寒冷，轻点着树枝，搅动着斜坡下的灌木丛。 3.A cool breeze blew through the quiet park.凉爽的微风吹拂着寂静的公园。 4.A cold breeze wafted through my hair. (冷风吹拂过我的头发） The wind was perfect for kite flying, blowing just hard enough to give some lift. （今日正是放风筝的好天气，强劲的风力带动了风筝的上升。） 二)．Water (flow/travel/move/meander/enter) 声音：1.At one point, the faint sound of water tumbling through the valley. 在某处，潺潺的的水声在山谷中奏响。
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第一部分：听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节：请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。每段对话仅 读一遍。 1．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo? A．TogooutwithSally．B．ToseeSally．C．TotalktoSally． ． A． A． 6．WhatisMikegoingtodo? A．Toseeamovie．B．Toattendaparty．C．Tolookafterababy．7．Wherewillthechildrendopicnic? A．Onthetopofamountain．B．Onasmallisland．C．Neartheirhouse．8．Howwillthechildrengothere?
A．Bybike．B．Bybus．C．Bycar． 听第7段材料回答第9至11题。 9．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout? A．Traveling．B．Trainenginesmaking.C．Hobbies．10．Whichcontinentdoesthemanprobablylivein? 12． A．．A A．Oneofhisclassesfinishedearly．B．Hewantedtogetsomestu dyingdone. C．ThelibraryhadaspecialdisplayontheRevolution·16．Aftergettingthebooks，whatdidthemando?
A．Checkedthemout．B．Puttheminhisbookbag．C．Returnedth emtotheshelves 17．Accordingtotheman， whathappenstoallthebooksinthelibrary? A．Theyaremarkedwithcoloredlabels．B．Theyareinspectedby A．C．To A． ll-l5：BBACAl6-20：BCCAC 听力原文： Textl M：IfyouseeSally，canyouaskhertophoneme? W：Sure．I'llbeseeingherthisevening，SoI’lltellherthen．
高中英语读后续写积累素材积累(一)
树人中学2019学年第一学期高一故事续写积累（一） 一、环境描写素材 环境描写分为客观和主观两种角度：客观为从环境事物本身入手，主观则从观察者角度描写。通常在描写时主客观交替进行，主观描写比重稍大。 客观环境描写： Part 1 环境描写的adj要求：有声，有色，有质感，有味道 the blue sky(蓝天）the songs of birds（鸟鸣）the thundering clouds（电光闪雷鸣） the fragile flowers (娇嫩的花）;（the dark,raining evening 雨夜交加的夜晚）the green grass（青草） the fragrant roses（艳丽的玫瑰）; the setting/rising sun(落日/冉冉升起的太阳）… Part 2 环境描写verb （vi&vt）要求 一)．Wind （blow/click/howl/wail/roar） 1.A gust of wind blew and parted the drooping branches of the weeping willow like a curtain,…一阵风吹，吹起了弯柳的低垂枝条，就像卷起的窗帘。 2.The wind, soft and cold, clicked through tree branches and stirred the bushes that sprinkled the slope.风，轻柔却寒冷，轻点着树枝，搅动着斜坡下的灌木丛。 3.A cool breeze blew through the quiet park.凉爽的微风吹拂着寂静的公园。 4.A cold breeze wafted through my hair. (冷风吹拂过我的头发） The wind was perfect for kite flying, blowing just hard enough to give some lift. （今日正是放风筝的好天气，强劲的风力带动了风筝的上升。） 二)．Water (flow/travel/move/meander/enter) 声音：1.At one point, the faint sound of water tumbling through the valley. 在某处，潺潺的的水声在山谷中奏响。 颜色2.The water was deep blue and sunlight glittered on its looking glass-clear surface.水是深蓝色的，阳光在透明的玻璃表面闪闪发光。 3.A little way off was a small brook, rushing and sparkling along between green bank. 离此不远,有一条小溪，在绿色的河岸间奔腾闪耀。 4. It murmured in a soft voice like a little innocent girl whispered to her loving mother. 似乎它在温柔低语，就一位天真少女对着她那慈爱的母亲细细私语。(action, sound, colour) 三)．Sky (stand/ appear/turn) 1.The sky was a curdled gray burdened with lumps of clouds. 天空是浓浓灰色，伴着拥挤朵朵云 2.Blue skies stood tall and far 蓝蓝天空高高耸立 主观环境描写：