英语动词基本形式专题(含答案)

英语动词基本形式专题(含答案)
英语动词基本形式专题(含答案)

外研版英语动词基本形式专题(含答案)

一、动词基本形式

1.If you ___________ too much money on the dress, you will have none to have lunch.

A. spend

B. pay

C. take

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:如果你……太多钱在裙子上,你会没钱吃午餐。spend,pay,cost,take都意为“花费”,但用法不同。spend的结构是sb. spend time/money on sth或者doing sth;sb. pay money for sth;sth. cost sb. money; it takes sb some time to do sth.故选

A。

【点评】考查四个“花费”的用法。

2.I don't know if he______ to my party, but I'll ask him about it when he ______ to school soon.

A. comes; will come

B. will come; will come

C. comes; comes

D. will come; comes

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:我不知道他来不来我的派对,但是我会在他回学校的时候问一

下。第一个空,他还没有来,所以用一般将来时,所以用will come。第二空,when引导

的时间状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主语是he,谓语动词用单三式comes,故选D。

【点评】考查一般将来时及时间状语从句,注意平时识记,理解句意。

3.You are beautiful today. your shoes color __________ your dress color.

A. catches

B. matches

C. meets

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:你今天很漂亮。你鞋子的颜色跟连衣裙的颜色很搭配。catch意为

“抓住”,meet意为“见面;满足”。动词match符合句意,故选B。

【点评】考查动词的词义辨析,注意理解句意,根据语境选择合适的动词。

4.To his surprise, he tried his best but he still the exam.

A. failed

B. passed

C. took

D. make

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:令他惊讶的是,虽然他尽力了但是他还是考试______。A.failed失

败,不及格;B.passed 通过;C.took拿,取;D.make制造。故选A。

【点评】考查动词辨析。

5.The box is too heavy for me to ________.

A. take

B. show

C. provide

D. carry

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:对我而言这个盒子太重了搬不动。take带走;show展示;provide 提供;carry 搬运;;此题考查是too…to太…而不能,故选D。

【点评】考查动词辨析。

6.The girl has a boyfriend Bill.

A. call

B. called

C. is called

D. is calling

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:那个女孩有个名叫比尔的男朋友。此题考查过去分词做定语。called名叫......的。故选B。

【点评】考查动词的不同形式。

7.The common Chinese people are looking forward to their life standard as soon as possible.

A. making

B. improving

C. dropping

D. hitting

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:普通的中国老百姓渴望能尽快地提高生活水平。A制作,B提高,C掉,D击打。根据life standard生活水平,用提高improve。故选B。

【点评】本题考查动词辨析,注意理解动词意思,理解句意。

8.Lucy gave Jane no chance to _______ to her question and left hurriedly.

A. answer

B. ask

C. say

D. reply

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意是:露丝没有给简回答她的问题的机会就匆匆离开了。answer 回答,是及物动词,后面直接跟名词,例如answer her question,ask 提问,say 说,讲,reply答复,回答,是不及物动词,后面跟to ,例如 reply to her question,故选 D。

9.—Do you often get online?

—Yes. I most of my time on it. It's a good way to search for information.

A. cost; surfing

B. spend; surfing

C. pay; playing

D. take; playing

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——你经常上网吗?——是的。我把我的大部分时间都花在上面了,它是搜寻信息的好方法。take和cost主语是物,此处主语是人用spend或者pay,而pay不能和动词-ing搭配,spend...doing sth.意为“做某事花费……”。故答案为B。

【点评】考查表示“花费”的四个动词的辨析。

10.Although she has no good look, she really hopes to be by her roommates.

A. criticized

B. left

C. respected

D. kept

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:虽然她没有好看的样貌,但她希望能够得到室友的尊重。A批判,B离开,C尊重,D保持。根据Although she has no good look.可知,虽然不好看,但是她希望能够得到尊重。故选C。

【点评】本题考查动词辨析,注意理解动词意思,理解句意。

11.During the period of the Anti-Japanese War, millions of common people our great country.

A. died of

B. died from

C. died for

D. died off

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】A. died of若死因存在于人体之上或之内(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因), 一般用介词 of。如:die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc)死于疾病(心脏病, 癌症, 发烧等);B. died from 若死因不是存在人体之内或之上, 而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因), 一般用介词from。如: die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc)死于地震(交通事故, 雷击等);C. died for为……而死;

D. died off一个个地死去。句意:抗日战争期间, 好几百万普通人为我们的国家捐躯。根据语意故答案选C。

【点评】考查动词短语词义辨析。考生只要对短语died of died from died for died off 意思了解,就能找到答案。

12._________ more accidents, we should slow down the driving speed.

A. To make

B. To keep

C. Stop

D. To prevent

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意:为了阻止更多事故的发生,我们应该减慢驾驶速度。动词不定式做目的状语,排除C。阻止:prevent,make:使,让,keep:故选D。

【点评】考查动词辨析,根据语境确定正确的单词和词形。

13.When I see people rubbish everywhere, I am often very angry.

A. set

B. throw

C. make

D. take

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】throw rubbish everywhere“到处扔垃圾”,throw“扔”,符合句意。故选B。句意是:当我看到人们到处扔垃圾时,我会很生气。

【点评】本题考查动词的词义辨析。

14.“重要的事情说三遍。”can be translated into "Important things must be again and again.”.

A. spoken

B. repeated

C. described

D. introduced

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“重要的事情说三遍”可以翻译成“重要的事情必须反复讲。”A. spoken说,说话;B. repeated重复;重说;C. described形容,描述;D. introduced介绍。把重要的事情多次“复述,重复”。故选B。

15.一Long time no see!

— Oh, it ____________ like years since I last saw you.

A. looks

B. seems

C. feels

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:——很久不见了。——哦,自从上次见到你好像有几年了。look like看起来像;seem like似乎;feel like想要。故选B。

【点评】考查动词辨析。

16.Don't any more time, or he will miss the meeting.

A. save

B. trust

C. waste

D. love

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:不要再浪费时间,否则他会错过会议的。A. save节约,节省;B. trust相信,信任;C. waste浪费,滥用;D. love喜欢。如果浪费了时间,就赶不上开会。故选C。

【点评】考查动词辨析,结合句意选择合适的词。

17.I will see what I can do, but I can't _________ you anything.

A. plan

B. prepare

C. promise

D. protect

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:我将要看看我会做什么,但是我不能向你承诺任何事。plan计划;prepare准备;promise许诺,承诺;protect保护。根据短语promise sb sth向某人承诺某事,只有promise可以接双宾语,其他三项都不能接双宾语,故选C。

【点评】此题考查动词的用法。根据句意及动词的用法可选出正确答案。

18.— Why don't you buy the car?

— It is too expensive. I can't __________ it.

A. afford

B. receive

C. sell

D. keep

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意:——你为什么不买那辆车?——太贵了。我买不起。afford,负担得起, receive 接收,sell卖 ,keep保持。根据句意,故答案为A。

【点评】考查动词辨析。牢记单词词义和用法。

19.—Jim,I think you can _______ money by yourself to buy a small present for your friend.

—OK, mum. I’ll spend less money on junk food this week.

A. pay

B. save

C. cost

D. leave

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】考查动词词义辨析。pay“支付”;save“节省”;cost“花费”;leave“离开;留下”。由答语中的“spend less money”可知其母亲是建议吉姆节约用钱,故选B。

20.—Why were you late for school this morning?

—Because my alarm clock didn't go off and I .

A. overslept

B. completed

C. changed

D. missed

【答案】A

【解析】【分析】句意:——你今天早上为什么迟到?——因为我的闹钟没响,我睡过头了。completed完成;changed改变;missed思念;oversleep动词,睡过头,过去式overslept。根据句意,故答案为A。

【点评】考查动词词义辨析。掌握词义和用法。

21.— Angela, I think your explanation can hardly satisfy our customers.

— I'm sorry, but I will explain it to them more clearly.

A. make ... worried

B. make ... interested

C. make ... pleased

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:——安吉拉,我认为你的解释几乎不能让我们的顾客感到满意。——对不起,但是我会向他们解释的更清楚一些。satisfy使满意;A.让……担心;B.让……感兴趣;C.让……满意/高兴;故选C。

【点评】考查动词词义。

22.In the old days, they ________ in the factory from morning to evening.

A. were made to work

B. asked to work

C. made to work

D. were asked for work

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意为:在过去,他们总是被迫从早到晚在工厂里工作。make sb. do sth. “迫使某人做某事”,被动式为sb. be made to do sth.某人被迫去做某事。根据“in the old days”可知,时态用一般过去时。故选A。

【点评】本题考査一般过去时的被动语态和动词辨析,掌握make sb. do sth. “迫使某人做某事”及被动式sb. be made to do sth.某人被迫去做某事的用法。

23.We didn't win the match, because he to score the goal.

A. succeeded

B. failed

C. replied

D. supported

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:我们没有赢得比赛因为他没有得分。A成功,B失败,C回答,D 支持。根据We didn't win the match.可知没办法赢得分数。故选B。

【点评】本题考查动词辨析,注意掌握固定搭配fail to do sth.做某事失败的应用。

24.—I'm sorry I ________ my exercise book at home this morning.

—It doesn't matter.Don't forget ________ it here this afternoon.

A. left; to take

B. forgot; bringing

C. left; to bring

D. forgot; to bring

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:﹣对不起,今天早晨我把作业本忘在家里了.﹣没关系,不要忘了今天下午带来。根据关键词I'm sorry,可知是把作业本忘在家里了,leave,把某物忘在某地;forget to do sth,忘记做某事;bring,带来;take,带走;故选C。

【点评】考查固定搭配forget to do sth,动词take与bring辨析。

25.Finish your homework first, then you'll ______watch TV for an hour.

A. can

B. be able to

C. able to

D. could

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意:首先要完成你的作业,然后你才可以看一小时的电视。can,表示具备某种能力,could为can的过去式,be able to能,表示可以做……。完成作业就可以看电视,用be able to do sth,故选B。

【点评】考查情态动词的辨析,注意 can , be able to , able to和could 的不同用法。

二、定语从句

26.I have some information about the astronauts _______ is helpful to you.

A.who B.what C.that D.whose

【答案】C

【解析】

句意:我有些关于宇航员的信息对你有帮助。这里是定语从句,先行词是information是物,关系词用that,在句中做主语。先行词是人关系词用who;whose在定语从句中做定语。根据题意,故选C。

点睛:1.that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置

27.The pen ________ you are looking for is under the desk.

A.who B.whose C.that

【答案】C

【解析】

句意:你正在找的那支钢笔在桌子下面。考查定语从句。三个选项都可引导定语从句:who的先行词是人;whose的先行词是物,表所属;that的先行词是人或物。先行词the pen是物,且在从句中做宾语,需用that引导;根据句意结构,可知选C。

28.–What do you think of the program Sing My Song on CCTV?

--I t’s a good chance to those musicians ____write their own songs.

A.who B.whom C.which D./

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:——你认为中央电视台的节目“中国好歌曲”怎么样?——这是给那些自己写歌曲的音乐家们的一个好机会。先行词指人,引导词在定语语从句中做主语,故引导词用who。故选A。

29.This is the bike_______I lost last week.

A.that B.what C.who D.whose

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:这是我上周丢失的那辆自行车。此句是一个定语从句。bike为先行词,当先行词为物时,引导词应该用that/which,故答案为A。

考点:考查定语从句。

30.Most students like the teachers understand them well.

A.which B.who C.where D.when

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:绝大多数的学生都喜欢能够很好理解他们的老师。分析:考查定语从句的用法,先行词是the teacher,先行词在从句中作主语,因此引导词用who.故选 B

考点:考查定语从句的用法。

31. My grandparents like stories ________ have happy endings.

A.they B.who

C.which D./

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我爷爷奶奶喜欢有快乐结局的故事。考查定语从句。先行词stories(故事)表示物,需用关系代词that或which,引导词同时做从句的主语,根据句意结构,故选C。

32.China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world.

A.who B.which C.what

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:中国在制造高科技产品方面变得更加擅长,并且这些产品世界大部分地区都能买到。

此句考查定语从句的关系词。who引导定语从句时先行词是人,who在从句中作主语或宾语;which引导定语从句时先行词是物,which在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能用来引导定语从句。本句的先行词是hi-tech products高科技产品,指物,用which来引导,故答案为B。

【点睛】

在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结

构交替使用,例如:

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

33.This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen.

A.that B.which C.what D.who

【答案】A

【解析】

句意:这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时,引导词应用that。

结合句意和语境可知选A。

点睛:限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况:

当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如:

Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如: Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有被邀请参加婚礼的

客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如:She is the only person that understands me. 注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如:

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? 站在人群前

面的那个人是谁?Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 哪一间是王先生住的房间?

当先行词人与物时。如:Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.

当先行词是reason, way(方法)等词时,关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如:She admired the way (that) they solved the questions.

34.The only language ____ is easy to learn is mother tongue.

A.which B.that C./ D.it

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:唯一的容易学的语言就是母语。先行词language在定语从句中作主语,由于它前面有修饰语only,所以只能用关系代词that,不能用which,因此选B。

考点:考查定语从句。

35.Linda will never forget the words her father told her.

A.that B.who C.where D.what

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:Linda将永远不会忘记她父亲告诉她的这些话。that关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词可以为人或物;who关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为人;where是关系副词,引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语;what什么,常引导名词性从句,不能引导定语从句。根据句子结构可知,这里是一个定语从句,修饰空前的the words,指物,且在从句中作宾语,故应选A。

英语动词基本形式练习全集

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(1) 一般情况下,在动词后加ed构成:work / worked, stay / stayed, hout / shouted等。 (2) 在以-e结尾动词后只加d:close / closed, like / liked, live / lived, smile / smiled等。 (3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y改为i 再加-ed:study / studied, carry / carried等。 (4) 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed:stop / stopped, admit / admitted, refer / referred, prefer / preferred等。 【注】(1) 以字母l结尾的动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加-ed,如control / controlled,但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节, 则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语),如travel / travel(l)ed。 (2) 动词picnic(野餐)的过去式和过去分词是picnicked,不是picniced。 (3) 词尾-ed 读音规则是:在清辅音后读作[t],元音和浊辅音后读作[d], 在辅音[t]或[d]后读作[id]。 3. 现在分词的构成方法 (1) 一般情况下在动词后加-ing构成:work / working, sleep / sleeping, wait / waiting等。 (2) 在不发音的-e结尾动词去掉e后再加-ing:smile / smiling, move / moving 等。

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hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A---A---B型(现在式和过去式同形) beat beat beaten 打 3. A---B---A型(现在式和过去分词同形) come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4. A ---B ---B型 (1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 (2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 (3)其他 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 5. A---B---C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同) (1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。 eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶

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英语动词的基本形式及练习 一、概述 动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。如:表示动作的动词go,do,write,work,like,enter等;表示状态的动词be,keep,feel,sound 等。 二、动词的分类 1、单个动词和短语动词 根据构词方式,动词分为单个动词和短语动词。 (1)单个动词;由一个单词构成。如;come, go, brush, hope, need等。 If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to leave their name and address. 如果有人打电话,告诉他我出去了,请他留下姓名和地址。 The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car. 出租汽车司机提醒顾客临下车时带走他们的物品。 -Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? 你认为明星队会打败公牛队吗? -Yes. They have better players, so I expect them to win. 会的。他们有更好的队员,所以我预料他们会赢。 They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 他们注视着火车直到消失在远方。All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States. 各大主要报纸都报道了中美两国贸易谈判的消息。 (2)短语动词:由两个或两个以上单词构成。短语动词常有以下几种组合: ①动词+副词 动词+away, back, out, ahead, forward, aside, up, on, over, off等构成的动词短语,如:set up, put on, give up, bring out, make out等。 “及物动词+副词”相当于一个及物动词;如果其宾语是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间。也可放在副词后面;若其宾语为人称代词,则须把宾语置于动词和副词之间,其后必须有宾语。常见的短语:back up支持,blow up炸毁,call off取消,bring up抚养,cut off切断carry out执行,give away送掉,分发,放弃,泄露,出卖,让步,陷下,find out 查明,hand in上交,give up放弃,look up查找,hand out分发,make up构成,make out认出,point out指出,pick up拣起,put forward 提出,put off取消,ring up打电话,put on穿上,set off出发,see off送行,set up建立,set aside 留出,宣告无效,take off脱下,take in吸收,受骗 “不及物动词+副词”相当于一个不及物动词,这种动词结构不能接宾语,也不用于被动语态。常见的短语: break down毁掉,制服,压倒,停顿,倒塌,中止,come to 苏醒,die away逐渐消失,drop out 退出,give in让步,grow up长大,knock off停工,look out当心,pass away去世,run out 耗尽,show off炫耀,turn up出现,fall through失败,fall out争吵,pass out死,不复存在,blow over 结束,come off成功,look up改进,有起色,come out开花,make off逃跑,fall back后退,make up 和好,fall off下降,catch on理解,pull up停下,crop up 发生,出现 We thought the matter over. 或:We thought over the matter.我仔细考虑过这个问题。 She put it on and went out.她穿上它出去了。 而不能:She put on it and went out. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have brok en down with no agreement reached. 有消息报道那两个国家的和平谈判没达成任何协议而失败。

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