直流电动机外文翻译

外文文献

? 1. INTRODUCTION

?Electric Drive Technology Development 1.1 Current Situation

30 Over the years, the DC motor drive has undergone significant changes. First of all,

replacing a rectifier, thyristor rectifier device to replace the conventional long-standing group of DC motors and generators of mercury rectifier DC electric drive device to complete a big leap forward. At the same time, control circuit has achieved a high level of integration and miniaturization, high reliability and low cost.

More than technology, so that DC Speed Control System increase performance, expanding the scope of application. DC drive technology development to mature, and perfect, serialization, standardization, in the reversible PWM, high-precision field of electrical transmission is still hard to replace.

? 1.2. Computer control and status of the development of motor

Relatively simple computer control of the motor, as long as the use of microcomputer control relay or electronic switching elements so that the circuit open or off it. In a variety of machine tool equipment and production lines, the now commonly used with the programmable computer controller, in accordance with the laws of certain types of motor control action. For the complex motor control, then use computer control motor voltage, current, torque, speed, angle, etc., so that motor in accordance with the instructions given accurate work. Through computer control, motor performance could greatly improve.

? 2. Speed and current dual closed-loop speed control system of the two regulator cascade connection for the outer speed feedback loop, current loop for the inner ring.

The speed regulator output current is given, the output amplitude is limited to the maximum current value. Adjust the limit of small amplitude or current-feedback coefficient can be adjusted easily to change the maximum current. In effect, the braking process, the speed regulator quickly into saturation, the output amplitude limit for the current loop to provide a maximum current setting, the current regulator for the PI regulator, in its regulatory role under the current remained at the maximum when the system is in fact a constant-current-conditioning system. Since the current loop so that the regulating role of the system, the braking current transition process in the best form of transition closer to the ideal waveform. When the speed overshoot, the speed regulator out of saturation, on speed play a major regulatory role, to become current with the current loop control system.

? 3. Current feedback loop allows the system to enhance the anti-interference ability, role in the current loop to the channel on the role of all the disturbances, such as disturbances such as voltage, current loop by regulating the timely inhibited, so that speed is not affected or less affected by disturbances. Current speed of the inner ring also played in the transformation of the target structure and regulation of the role of parameters to accelerate the speed of adjustment in response to the process of ring.

In characteristics, the speed of the adjustment ring to ensure the system without static error, the role of current loop system with better sag characteristics of an excavator.

? 4. System Simulation

MathWorks Inc. MATLAB is introduced in 1984 a set of numerical simulation software, is divided into the total package and a number of kits, you can achieve the numerical analysisDifferent branch of mathematics it to function in the form of algorithms classified as libraries, the use of direct calls to these functions and give the actual parameters of the problem can be solved quickly and accurately.

that is, to a series of connecting module, a complex model of the system. In recent years, was the rise of the Simulink has become a field of academic and industrial ?Building, simulation and analysis of dynamic systems on the most widely used software package, it supports linear and non-linear systems, could create a continuous time, discrete-time system or a mixture of the two models. System is also able to multi-sampling frequency (Multirate), which is different in different systems can combine the sampling frequency.

Simulink of MATLAB as an additional component, a system used to provide most of the work of modeling and simulation platform. Simulink is a way of modules allow users to quickly and accurately to create computer models of dynamic systems, especially for complex non-linear, and its effect more visible.

Simulink model can be used to simulate the linear or nonlinear, or both continuous or discrete hybrid systems, which means it can be used to simulate almost all of the dynamic system can be encountered. In addition, Simulink provides a graphical animation approach so that users can easily observe the whole process of simulation.

译文

? 1.引言

? 1.1电气传动技术发展现状

?三十多年来，直流电机传动经历了重大的变革。首先实现了整流器的更新换代，以晶闸管整流装置取代了习用已久的直流发电机电动机组及水银整流装置使直流电气传动完成一次大的跃进。同时，控制电路已经实现高集成化、小型化、高可靠性及低成本。以上技术应用，使直流调速系统的性能指标大幅提高，应用范围不断扩大。直流调速技术不断发展，走向成熟化、完善化、系列化、标准化，在可逆脉宽调速、高精度的电气传动领域中仍然难以替代。

? 1.2 微机控制电机的发展和现状

?比较简单的电机微机控制，只要用微机控制继电器或电子开关元件使电路开通或关断就可以了。在各种机床设备及生产流水线中，现在已普遍采用带微机的可编程控制器，按一定的规律控制各类电机的动作。对于复杂的电机控制,则要用微机控制电机的电压、电流、转矩、转速、转角等等,使电机按给定的指令准确工作。通过微机控制，可使电机的性能有很大的提高。

? 2 单闭环控制直流脉宽调速系统

?本章主要讨论单闭环直流调速系统。由于开环控制的直流调速系统静态转速降较大，不能满足调速指标的要求，因此需采用转速负反馈或电压负反馈组成闭环调速系统。但是单闭环系统并不能满足本课题调速系统的要求。

? 3 微机控制双闭环可逆调速直流PWM调速系统原理设计

?转速、电流双闭环调速系统的两个调节器串级连接，转速反馈环为外环，电流环为内环。速度调节器的输出即为电流给定，其输出限幅值即为最大电流给定值。调整限幅值的小或调整电流反馈系数就可方便地改变最大电流。在起、制动过程中，速度调节器很快入饱和，输出限幅值为电流环提供了最大电流给定，电流调节器为PI调节器，在它的调节作用下使电流保持在最大值，这时系统实际上为一个恒值电流调节系统。由于电流环的调节作用使系统的起、制动过渡过程中电流的波形接近于理想的最佳过渡波形。当转速超调后，速度调节器退出饱和，对转速起主要调节作用，电流环成为电流随动系统。

?电流反馈环使得系统的抗干扰能力增强，作用在电流环前向通道上的一切扰动作用，如电网电压扰动等，受到电流环的及时调节所抑制，使转速不受或少受扰动的影响。电流内环还起到改造转速外环中调节对象结构及参数的作用，加快了转速环的调节响应过程。在特性上，转速环的调节作用保证了系统无静差，电流环的作用使系统具有较理想的挖土机下垂特性。

? 4 系统仿真

?MATLAB是由MathWorks公司1984年推出的一套数值计算软件，分为总包和若干个工具箱，可以实现数值分析、优化、统计、偏微分方程数值、自动控制、信号处理、图像处理等各个领域的计算和图形显示功能。它将不同数学分支的算法以函数的形式分类成库，使用时直接调用这些函数并赋予实际参数就可以解决问题，快速而且准确。

?Simulink是MathWorks公司于1990年推出的产品，是用于MATLAB下建立系统框图和仿真的环境。从名字上看，立即就能看出该程序有两层含义，首先，

“Simu‘’一词表明它可以用于计算机仿真，而“Link”一词表明它能进行系统连接，即把一系列模块连接起来，构成复杂的系统模型。最近几年，后来崛起的Simulink已成为学术领域及工业领域

?在构建、仿真与分析动态系统上使用最为广泛的软件包，它支持线性及非线性系统，能创建连续时间、离散时间或者两者混合的系统模型。系统也能够是多采样频率的(Multirate)，也就是不同的系统能够以不同的采样频率结合起来。?Simulink作为MATLAB的一个附加组件，用来提供一个系统极的建模与动态仿真工作平台。Simulink是用模块组合的方法来使用户能够快速、准确地创建动态系统的计算机模型的，特别对于复杂的非线性，它的效果更为明显。?Simulink模型可以用来模拟线性或非线性、连续或离散或者两者混合系统,也就是说它可以用来模拟几乎所有可遇到的动态系统。另外，Simulink还提供一套图形动画的处理方法，使用户可以方便地观察到仿真的整个过程。