完整word版,高中英语代词讲解与练习(附答案)

代词

人称代词2 物主代词3 反身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接一

在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me.

但在强调结构中却常用主格：It is I that∕who will love you from beginning to end.

在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：

1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.

2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g.①Mary and I will be in charge of the case.

②You,she and I ,who are all good friends,should love one another from the bottom of our heart forever.

3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。e.g. He and she still don’t agree to the plan.

二

1.

2.

1) 主语Ours is a big family.

2）宾语The life in your country is quite different from ours.

3）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine.

4）“of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is …….

三

1

1

2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days.

3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right.

在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”

They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。

与by oneself较难区分by oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）”

They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。

2．自身代词常和某些动词连用

enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己举止良好),help yourself to sth. 请吃点https://www.360docs.net/doc/8616244820.html,e to oneself苏醒

3．常与某些介词连用

by oneself 一个人做（不要别人帮助）

for oneself替自己，自己He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。

in oneself 本身This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。

to oneself供自己用She had a room to herself. 她自己住一间房。

四相互代词

One another与each other由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。

We can help one another (each other).

We are eager to learn from each other.

五指示代词

有this, that, these, those.

注意：

1．前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that (或those)表示。

e.g.①We have no time to do it. That’s our trouble.

②The umbrella you bought yesterday is cheaper than that I bought a moment ago.

③

2.

I want to know this: has John been here?

3 those在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现，表示人们或东西（后面多有一定定语修饰）

Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

六疑问代词

有who, whom, whose, what, which都是来构成特殊问句的。Who通常做主语和表语，whom做宾语。

1 what, who 一般来说，what 问的是职业或地位，who问的是姓名。

----What was her husband?

---- He was a lawyer.

比较---- who was her husband?

----- He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.

2 which, what

Which用于已知情况的选择，其后可以跟of, 而what用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of.

What fruit do you like best?

Which do you like better, oranges or apples?

3 在以这类代词做主语时，后面的动词可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式，要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。

e.g. Who live(s) in this room?

如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数，则动词多用单数形式。

-----What’s there on the desk?

①Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.

②What I really care about is whether it works or not.

③That china is a great socialist country is well known.

④The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.

⑤I did n′t know what had happened until he told me the news.

⑥After 5 hours′drive,they got to what they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.

⑦When will the person who you think is up to the task come to work?

⑧How he worked it out is still a secret.

代词what有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思。

We should never pretend to know what we don’t know.

2 who(m), which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，和前面所提到的疑问代词一样，引导名从。

whatever［=anything﹨everything that或any ］, whichever (=anyone who∕anything that…)whoever (=anyone who) , whomever (=anyone whom…)whoseve r(﹦anyone whose)等可用于引导名词性从句。这类引导词均相当于“先行词＋关

系代词”，没有疑问语气，但没有ever的引导词which, who等却依含有疑问意味。如：

①The poor young man is ready to accept whatever (=any) help he can get. 那个年青人意愿接受能得到的任何帮助。

②Whoever (=Anyone who) comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。

③This kind of book is of great help to whoever wants to do the job. 你们之中谁想要，我就给谁。

﹍﹍﹍﹍will come to help with my English has n′t been decided.

A .No matter who B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Who

案D只有D带有疑问口气.

八．不定代词：

英语中有下面这些不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.以及一些复合不定代词，如：anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing.

1.some, any和no的用法

1). some /any+可数名词复数/不可数名词

2). some用于肯定句或期待肯定应答的疑问句。any用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中表示“任何一个”

Would you like some tea?

You can ask me if you have any questions.

3). some of +代词宾格复数∕+ the + 名词复数

I have no car. ( I have not a car.)

We had no bread for breakfast. (We had not any bread for breakfast.)

Exercise : Fill in the blanks with some, any or no

1). I asked her for _______ paper, but she didn’t have _______.some any

2). Would you like to have _______ bananas? Yes, I’d like to.some

3). Lucy has _______ bike and she often rides her sister’s bike.no

4). ______ of the plants grow well. Some

5). There is _______ air on the moon. no

There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me?

A．any; some B．any; any C．some; some D．some; any A

1). I have a little good friends in our class.(改错) a little----a few

A B C D

2). There is little water in the bottle, ______ _______?

(补全反意疑问句) is there

3)．There is ____ water here; but there are quite ____ empty glasses.

A．little; a few B．few; little C．few; a few D．little; a little A

4). Kate is a nice girl. She says _____ but do much. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little c 3.some，any, no, every与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法

some，any与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。

something, somebody和someone用于肯定句

anything, anybody和anyone用于否定句或疑问句

注意：

1).这些代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Everything is hard at the beginning.

2). something，anything，nothing三者跟形容词时,形容词要放在它们的后面。

Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you.

A．important anything B．anything important C．important something D．something important D

4.both和all的用法：

1). both “两者都”；all “三者或以上都”

2). both+名词复数Both suggestions are good.

both of +代词宾格复数Both of my parents are healthy.

both of + the+名词复数

3). all + the+名词复数/不可数名词All the oil has been used up.

all of +代词宾格复数All of them go to the movies.

all of + the+名词复数All of the windows are open.

5.both, either和neither的用法：

both：指两者都，肯定。后面的名词要用复数，谓语动词用复数。

either：指两者中的任意一个。后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。

neither：指两者中没有一个，全否定。后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。

例如: My brother and I saw 2 movies last night,neither of which was interesting.

both…and…作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.

either …or…“不是……就是; 或者……或者”. 连接的并列结构作主语时,谓语坚持就近原则neither…nor…“既不…又不…

Exercise:

1).Both Li Ping and I ____ (be) students. are

2).Neither Li Ping nor I ____ (be) a student. am

3).Either this answer or that answer ____ (be) correct. is

4).Both (of them) ______ (enjoy) the rice. enjoy

5). They were all asleep. _____ of them heard the sound. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither c

6).---May I use your pen?

---Yes, here are two and you can use _____ of them. A. both B. every C. any D. either d

7). Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ?

_____, thanks. I’d just like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None b

8)．There are some trees on ____ side of the street.

A．both B．all C．Either D．everyC

6.each和every的用法：

1).each强调个体(指一定数目的两者或两者以上，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。做主语谓语动词用单数。)

every强调“全体”,只能作定语(后面必须跟着名词，指不定数目中的每一个)。

Each boy and each girl works hard every day in order to enter the dreamy college。

Each side of the street has a lot of trees.

Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。＝Not every man is honest.

On ________ side of the street there are shops and restaurants. each

On __________ side of the square there are tall buildings. Each/every

3). every还可以表示“每隔…的；每…中的”

Every year or two每一两年every other day每隔一天

4). and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

Exercise:

1). --- How often are the Olympic Games held?

--- ____ four years. A. Every B. Each C. In D. For A

2). There are many trees on ____ side of the street. A. all B. every C. neither D. each d

3). ____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in the dictionary

A．Each; every B．Every; each C．Each; each D．Every; every a

4).There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand.

A．both B．all C．every D．each D

5)．____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look

up words in the dictionary.

A．Each; every B．Every; each C．Each; each D．Every; every A

改错：

1). I gave a present to every of her parents . every改each

2). There are lots of English books here, and every of them is easy to understand. every改each

7.one, (the) other , (the) others和another的用法

1). one:一个…, 代指前面出现过的同类可数名词，复数为ones。

2). another，是泛指。I don’t like this coat. Show me another, please.

another +数字+复数名词：另外几个We need another 3 plates.

3).other表示“另外的”，只作定语;other+名词复数=others (没有范围限定）

当other 前no, any, some 等词时，可接单数形式。 e.g. any other plant, some other day(改天)，no other choice.

4).the other,两者中的另一个。常与one连用，构成one…the other (一个。。。另一个)

5).others泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部，全部是“the others”）e.g. some… others

6).the others特指其余的人或物,是the other的复数形式。

Exercise:

用another和other、others

1). Lei Feng is always ready to help ________. others

2). Some are planting trees, some are carrying water, and ______ are watering the trees . others

3). I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red , the _______ are blue. others

4). She held a pen in one hand and his notebook in the ________. other

5). I have read three stories. I’ll go on to rea d ________. Others/another

6). Can I have _________ three cakes? another

7). The red T-shirts are more expensive than the white _______. One

These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one.

A．other B．others C．the others D．another D

There are twenty teachers in this grade．Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers.

A．the otherB．the others C．others D．other B

8. none, no one, nothing的用法区别

1).no one=nobody

只能指人，但不具体指什么人。不与of连用；

谓语动词用单数；

表示“什么人也没有”，一般用来回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。

No one like a person with bad manners.

——Who is in the room?——No one.

——

可与

谓语动词用单或复数；

指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中"没有一个“, 代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”。一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑问句。请看：

None of us have/has seen him.

He wants me to lend him some money, but I have none at hand.（特指前面提到的钱）

——How many students are there in the room? ——None.

——How much money do you have on you? ——None.

——Is there any water in the bottle? ——None.

3).nothing

指物,泛指；谓语用单数；强调内容。

一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。

He felt hungry, but he could find nothing to eat in the kitchen.（泛指所有吃的东西，不是特指某一种）

——What is in the box? ——Nothing.

——Is there anything in the sky? ——Nothing.

——Can you see anything without glasses? ——Nothing.

下面的顺口溜将帮你记得更清楚。

No one与none好分辨。/具体人，物把none填。

不知何人与何物，/No one，nothing是一路。

No one人nothing物，/保你不会出错误。

Exercise :

1.There is _________ in the room. no one

2.________ of the students is afraid of difficulties . None

3. --How many fish did you catch? None

--______.

4.--Who is in the classroom?

--_________. No one=Nobody

They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.

A．any B．Some C．none D．neither C

9. 全部否定和部分否定

1）.All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every加名词都表示全部肯定，no one, none, nobody, nothing, not…any 和no +名词都表示全部否定；但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在他们之前还是之后都表示部分否定；

e.g. Both of them haven’t read this story. (not在后) 他们两人并没有都看过这个故事。

＝only one of them has read this story.

All bamboo doesn’t grow tall=not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都长得高。

全部否定的例子：all of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.

2）总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not连用时，也表示部分否定。

Such a thing can’t be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。（部分否定）

Such a thing can be found nowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。（全否）

It作代词时一般替代前面提到的同一事物，可以代替单数可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。

ONE 用来代替同类事物中的一个，只可代替可数名词，表示同类泛指，复数形式是ones，有时one 可以有修饰词。THAT 用来代替同类事物中的特指的一个，表示同类特指，即可代替单数名词（替代可数名词用those）也可替代不可数名词。其代替可数名词单数时相当于the one .

Key: 1—8ADDDDACC

代词it的用法

（一）

it的用法主要体现在以下几个方面：作为人称代词的it，先行代词的it，非人称代词的it以及强调句中的it和it的一些习惯用法。

1. it指代前文出现的同一事物、群体、经验、活动等。可以代替一个词、词组或整个句子，以免重复。

That wasn’t where you had dinner，was it？

If you remember these points，it will help you.

I love running. It keeps me fit.

it也可指代婴孩或姓名∕性别不详的人。

Do you hear a baby crying？Something must have hurt it.

Who is making so much noise？It must be the children.

Somebody is knocking at the door. I don’t know who i t is.

Who is it? 未见具体人，不同于Who is that ？见到具体某人，但不相识。

2. it用作非人称代词的主语，表示气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等或虚指的情境。

It’s Sunday tomorro w,so we are all going to church.

It’s five miles to the nearest station from here.

It was dull when Tom was away.

It seems that no one would like to help you.

3. it充当形主或形宾

①It is of great help to master a foreign language.

②It took me a week to recite the text.

③I find it quite necessary to make some changes.

代指动名词，可作形式主语或形式宾语，常用在下列句型中

It is no good（no use，useless）＋动名词①It is no use∕good crying over spilt milk.

It is a waste＋动名词①It is a waste of time arguing with them on this matter.

代指名词性从句

①She wants to make it clear whether you still love her or not.

②It is not known what caused the accident.

③It is true that age doesn′t always bring wisdom.

4. 用于强调句型中It is（was）＋被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）＋that（who）…。it无任何指代关系，也无实义。It is I who（that）will love you from beginning to end.

It was in Shanghai that I first met Jack.

It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to downtown yesterday.

（二）

研究一下近年来的高考试卷可以发现，含it 的句型几乎年年考到。可见it 句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。现根据其用法特点可归纳为下列几个句型。

1. It is＋被强调部分＋that …

该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

It was they that（who）cleaned the classroom yesterday.

It was in the street that I met her father.

2. It is not until＋被强调部分＋that …

该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调时间状语，译成汉语“直到……才……”，可以说是not … until … 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

＝Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.

＝I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

3. It is a pity（a shame …）that …

该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should 可省去. 表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It is a pity that such a thing（should）happen in your class.

4. It is time（about time , high time）that …

该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟. ②有时也用should＋动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“早该……的时候……了”。

It is time that children should go to bed.

＝It is time that children went to bed.

5. It is the first（second …）time that …

该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it 有时用this 替换，常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。

It is the first time that I have been late this term.

It was not the first time that the boy had made such a mistake.

6. It is ∕has been… since …

该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

It is（has been）5 years since his father died.

7. It is … when …

该句型中的when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”。

It was 5 o’clock when he came here.

8. It be … before ……

①It will be …before …再过…才会…

②It won′t be long …before …不久就会…

③It was …before …过了多久才…

④It wasn′t long before …没过多久就…

It won′t be long before the village takes on an entirely new aspect.

It wasn′t long before they fell in love with each other.

9. It is no good（use）doing sth.

It is no good learning English without speaking English.

练习

1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.

A. you

B. me

C. him

D. her B

2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a little

B. little

C. a few

D. few D

3. ---You want ________ sandwich?

---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.A. other B. another C. others D. the other B

4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.

A. they

B. them

C. themselves

D. theirs C

5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?

---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None B

6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.

---Never mind. You can have ________.A. us B. ours C. you D. yours B

7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None A

8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?

---Work harder than last term.A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself D

9. ---Is _______ here?

---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody A

10. Paul has _____ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.A. many B. some C. few D. more C

11. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.

A. more

B. other

C. the other

D. another D

12. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?

---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?

A. neither

B. both

C. none

D. either A

13. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?

---No. _______ of them can use a computer.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All C

14. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?

A. you; it

B. you; he

C. your; it

D. your; that A

15. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?

A. another

B. other

C. one

D. the other B

16. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.

A. us

B. our

C. ours

D. ourselves C

17. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?

---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.

A. no

B. any

C. some

D. none A

18. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.

A. me

B. my

C. mine

D. myself C

练习二：

1. This is ______ classroom. Where is ____?A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs C

2.Our manager allowed _______to take a holiday next week.

A. you and I

B. yourself and me

C.I and you

D. you and me D

3.-I feel a bit thirsty.

-Why don't you have _______ water? A. some B. a C. any D. little A

4.I have two cats and I like_______. A. all of them B. them both C. every one of them D. them each B

5. My father said that he would take _______ for dinner when he came next time.

A. all us out

B. out all us

C. all out us

D. us all out D

6.Some of my students study very har_just don't care. A. Anothers B. The other C. Others D. Some other C

7.My brother is a man of_______words. A.little B.few C.less D.fewer B

8.There is _______hope for the work to be finished in such short time. A. much B. small C.few D.little D

9.Some old buildings were put down,but_______new ones have been built.

A.much more

B.no more

C.many more

D.any more C

10.When they met,they stopped and said hello to___.

A.each other

B.each another

C.the other each

D.each one A

11.-Which of the two French films do you like better?

-_______,because they are meaningless. A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither D

12.-The US is certainly an interesting country.

-Yes,you can find just about_______there. A. something B. everything C.nothing D.anything B

13.Although the city is small,its library is as complete_______.

A.as a large city

B.like a large city

C.as that of a large city

D.like in a large city C

14.A few of__are planning to drive to New York during spring break. A.we boys B.boys https://www.360docs.net/doc/8616244820.html, boysD.boys C

15.That man is a friend of my_______.

A.brother's

B.brother

C.brothers

D.brother mso's own A

16.Of all the problems,_______is so difficult as this one. A.not one B.either C.neither D.none D

17.I'm sorry I can't give you_______advice. A.a B.an C.any D.some C

18.-What does John do in China?

-I hear_______teaches English. A.she B.him C.his D.he D

19.There were only_______people who could get_______money for the work.

A.few;many

B.little;many

C.a few;much

D.a little;much C

20.The population of China is larger than_______.

A.India

B.that of India

C.India's

D.those of India B

21.There are trees on_______side of the road. A.every B.each C.both D.all B

22.The book has lost its cover.I will put a new_______on it. A.cover B.ones C.one D.piece C

23.Does_______matter if he can't come tomorrow? A.this B.that C.he D.it D

24.It was_______who told you the news. A.him B.his C.he D.himself C

25.I'm sorry I can't express_______in English well. A.me B.mine C.I D.myself D

26.You can find a tower at_______ends of the bridge. A.both B.all C.each D.either A

27.She is doing her homework.I'll do_______. A.such B.so C.the same D.the same as C

28.I found____impossible for___to work out the maths problem. A.it;him B.it;he C.that;him D.that;he A

29.That only man had three sons,all of__died during the last earthquake. A.them B.which C.those D.whom D

30.Mary learned Chinese for about two years,_______is,from 1993 to 1995. A.this B.that C.it D.he B

31.He kept the money without_______knowing where it was. A.anyone B.anything C.everything D.someone A