十五从军征阅读题及翻译与答案

十五从军征阅读题及翻译

与答案

Prepared on 24 November 2020

十五从军征

十五从军征，八十始得归。道逢乡里人：“家中有阿谁”

“遥看是君家，松柏冢垒垒。”兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。

中庭生杂树，井上生旅葵。舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。

羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁！出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。

注释：始：才。归：回家。道逢：在路上遇到。道：路途。阿（ā）：在文章中是一个语音词。君：你。遥看:远远的看。柏（bǎi）：松树。冢（zhǒng）：坟墓。

累累：与“垒垒”通，形容丘坟一个连一个的样子。狗窦：给狗出入的墙洞，窦,洞穴。

雉（zhì）:野鸡。中庭:屋前的院子。生：长。

旅谷：植物未经播种叫“旅生”。旅生的谷叫“旅谷”。旅葵(kuí)：即野葵。

舂（chōng）：把东西放在石臼或乳钵里捣掉皮壳或捣碎。持：用。作：当作。羹（gēng)：菜，糊状的。一时：一会儿就。贻：送，赠送。沾：渗入。

1.解释加点的字

①八十始得归：②采葵持作羹：

③兔从狗窦入：④不知贻阿谁：

2.说说下列诗句的意思

①遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。

②出门东向望，泪落沾我衣。

3.诗中主人公离家归家的年龄分别是多大

4.用诗中的句子回答：主人公的家现在怎样

5.全诗表达了一个怎样的主题

6.“十五”“八十”是____的手法，这样写的目的是

7.主人公归家后，看到家中凄凉破败的景象是

8.此诗抒发了老翁怎样的心情通过哪句诗体现出来的

译文：

十五岁就应征去参军，八十岁才退伍回到故乡家中。

路上碰到一个乡下的邻居，问：“我家里还有什么人”

“你家那个地方现在已是松树柏树林中的一片坟墓。”

走到家门前看见野兔从狗洞里出进，野鸡在屋脊上飞来飞去。

院子里长着野生的谷子，野生的葵菜环绕着井台。用捣掉壳的野谷来做饭，摘下葵叶煮汤算是菜。

汤和饭一会儿都做好了，却不知赠送给谁吃。走出大门向着东方张望，老泪纵横洒落在征衣上。

《十五从军征》参考答案：

1.①才②菜汤③洞④给

2.远远看去，那就是你的家，那边松树柏树很多，坟墓一大堆。走出门外向东望去，（心情极其悲痛），眼泪就流了下来。

3.十五、八十

4. 松柏冢累累，兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。

5.全诗通过对一个久别家乡重归故里的老兵回家时所见情景的描述，表现了他的孤独和凄凉，反映了战争的残酷无情，也体现了人民对战争的厌恶和憎恨之情。

6.夸张暴露封建社会兵役制度的极端的不合理。

7.兔从……葵。

8.抒发了老翁孤独凄凉的心情。“羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁，出门东向看。泪落沾我衣”。

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英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选参考英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery： giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像绝大部分人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这个重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，

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十五从军征（汉）《乐府诗集》十五从军征，八十始得归。道逢乡里人：“家中有阿谁？” “遥望是君家，松柏冢累累。” 兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞，中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。舂谷持作饭，采葵持作羹。羹饭一时熟，不知贻阿谁。出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。注释始：才。归：回家。道逢：在路上遇到道：路途。阿（a）：在文章中是一个语音词君：你，表示尊敬的称呼。遥看:远远的看柏（bǎi）：松树。冢（zhǒng）：坟墓。累累：与“垒垒”通，形容丘坟一个连一个的样子。狗窦（gǒu dòu）：给狗出入的墙洞，窦,洞穴。雉（zhì）:野鸡中庭:屋前的院子生：长旅谷：植物未经播种叫“旅生”。旅生的谷叫“旅谷”。旅葵(kuí)：即野葵。舂（chōng）：把东西放在石臼或乳钵里捣掉皮壳或捣碎。持：用。作：当作羹（gēng)：菜。糊状的一时：一会儿就贻（yí）：送，赠送沾：渗入译文十五岁就应征去参军，八十岁才退伍回到故乡家中。路上碰到一个乡下的邻居，问：“我家里还有什么人？” “你家那个地方现在已是松树柏树林中的一片坟墓。” 走到家门前看见野兔从狗洞里出进，野鸡在屋脊上飞来飞去。院子里长着野生的谷子，野生的葵菜环绕着井台。用捣掉壳的野谷来做饭，摘下葵叶煮汤算是菜。汤和饭一会儿都做好了，却不知赠送给谁吃。走出大门向着东方张望，老泪纵横洒落在征衣上。

浅析十五从军征，八十始得归。道逢乡里人：“家中有阿谁？”“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞；中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。舂谷持作飰（饭），采葵持作羹。羹飰一时熟，不知贻阿谁。出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。《十五从军征》，是一首暴露封建社会不合理的兵役制度的汉代乐府民歌，反映了劳动人民在当时黑暗的兵役制度下的不平和痛苦。作品真实、深刻、令人感愤，催人泣下。诗的开头，统摄全篇、韵长旨远：“十五从军征，八十始得归。”一个芳年稚齿、未谙世事、生气勃勃的少年，转瞬成了一个龙钟老态的皤然衰翁。那漫长的六十五年的岁月是在哪里，是怎样度过的呢？作者没有写，却以此把读者带进了深沉绵远的诗的意境，同主人公一起去体味接下去作品所描写的怆神寒骨，冰冷严酷的现实。一个“从军征”的“征”字，概括了主人公六十五年的戎马生涯；一个“始得归”的“始”字，准确、精到地传达了主人公六十五年昼思夜家，愁肠几断，盼归不得，年朽力衰方得回转家园的亦悲亦喜，说不清是悲是喜的复杂心情。作者没有絮絮描述这个老士兵六十五年南北征战、杀敌立功、九死一生的惊心动魄的往事。那些，对于年及八旬、日日沙场、夜夜枕戈、乡音久绝的主人公来说，早已习以为常、无甚新鲜了。或者说那些或足自慰或不堪回首的往事，与他此时此地急切渴望知晓家况的心情相比，实实微不足道、不劳挂齿了。平平常常的十个字，突出了主人公不平凡的特殊经历和当时心境心情，创造了足以笼罩全诗的氛围。 “道逢乡里人，‘家中有阿谁？’”主人公的思想脉络由六十五年的征战生活进入邈邈旷野、漫漫古道，对亲人家园的现状由茫然无际的想象到急切的、盼知又怕知的询问，读者由开头两句诗展开的遐想的翅翼也在主人公焦急的劈头问话声中收束。同没有详述主人公六十五年的征战生活一样，作品也省去了对他餐风宿露、匆匆赶路、与乡亲邂逅相遇的惊喜的描摹，一句“家中有阿谁”的追问，推出了作品的聚光点——家。“少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰”，六十五年了，岂敢奢望阖家无恙、亲人健在？能有一二幸存者已是不幸中之万幸了。所以他只问，家中还有谁侥幸苟活人世呢？可是，“乡里人”的回答却如站在冰天雪地里当头浇下的一盆冰凌未澌的水：“遥看是君家，松柏冢累累。”在这动乱的年月，我可亲可爱的亲人们啊，竟无一幸存者吗？满怀希望，满腹衷情，六十五年的风霜雨雪，六十五年积压心底的感情，向谁倾诉、向谁表达啊？唯有那青青松柏、垒垒坟冢吗？那，就是我的家吗？不，不，不可能！摆在他面前的现实是：“兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞；中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。”由遥看到近见，满眼更加荒凉凄楚的景象。作者没说室空无人，而是抓住野兔见人钻进家畜窝中自以为得所，野鸡惊飞落到屋内梁上自以为安的情景；作者没有直书庭园荒芜杂乱，只摄取了井边、中庭随意生长的葵菜和谷物两个“镜头”，人去屋空，人亡园荒，更其形象，倍伤人心神。你看，一个风尘仆仆的老人，站在曾经炊火融融、庭园整洁的“家”的面前，孑然一身，形影茕茕，盼望了六十五年可又无一亲人相迎的家，竟然比想象的还不堪十倍、百倍……这是怎样一种情境，将掀起读者怎样的感情波澜呢？作者没有直接抒写渲染感情，作品却收到比直接抒情更强烈的抒情效果。有些迷蒙、有些浑噩、有些凄怆的老人，象对“松柏冢累累”不闻不见一样，对荒凉的家园的感触也变得麻木了。于是，他默默无言地舂去成熟的谷子的皮壳，采下冬葵嫩嫩的叶子。而当饭熟羹沸时，他才恍然想起不知该给谁吃。 “出门东向看，泪落沾我衣。”他走出年久失修的破门，向东方看去，他也许还抱着希望，他看到了谁？看到了什么呢？他也许看到了久别的亲人？也许什么也没有看。他茫然地从幻想中走出来，潸然泪下。他已不能象年轻人那样嚎啕大哭，只有那凝聚着六十五年的艰辛、六十五年的思念、六十五年的盼待、六十五年的沙场风尘、六十五年人世沧桑的老泪，扑簌簌落到满布征尘的衣襟上。“泪落沾我衣”五个字，饱和了多么丰富、多么深厚、多么沉痛