同济博士英语考试大纲

I Vocabulary （10%）

For each of the following sentences there are four choices. Choose the

best one to complete the sentence.

1. The directions were so ____ that it was impossible to complete the a

ssignment.

A) ingenious B) ambitious C) notorious D) ambiguous

2. Our ________ host always enjoys having friends to share his Lucullan

suppers.

A) cursive B)martial C) fractious D) convivial

3. Recently a number of cases have been reported of yo ung children __

__a violent act previously seen on television.

A) modifying B) stimulating C) accelerating D) duplicating

4. This kind of material can _____heat and moisture.

A) delete B) compel C) repel D) constrain

5. The damage to his car was ____; therefore, he could repair it himsel

f.

A) considerable B) appreciable C) negligible D) invisible

6. The ____of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence o

f some physical aspect in the life style of the people.

A) implementation B) expedition C) demonstration D) manifestation

7. One of the responsibilities of the Coast guard is to make sure that all

ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.

A) cautiously B) dutifully C) faithfully D) skillfully

8. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of al

l Indians but seems to be _______ the welfare of his animals.

A) critical about B) indignant at C) indifferent to D) subject to

9. The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dis

missing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.

A) compelled B) posed C) pressed D) tempted

10. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may

result in _______ and lack of unity in style.

A) conflict B) confrontation C) disturbance D) disharmony

11. Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are eq

ually _______.

A) cryptic B)esoteric C)culpable D)occult

12. I don’t know the details for I just ga ve your manuscript only a(n) __

_____ glance.

A) cursory B)cumbrous C)onerous D)obscure

13.the Red Cross society helped _________ families to survive the war i

n the Persian Gulf.

A) demure B)destitute C)assiduous D)sedate

14. the man felt ________ when the girl turned down his proposal of m

arriage.

A) despondent B) fabulous C)dilapidated D)fortuitous

15. the boy gave a ______ look at his classmate’s test paper when the

teacher turned.

A) frivolous B)furtive C)frenetic D)frigid

16. Rubber boots are ___________ to water.

A) imperious B)impetuous C)impervious D)impeccable

17. Missiles were mounted at various points to _______ the enemy aircr

afts.

A) integrate B)jeopardize C)intercept D)interrogate

18. Being careless, she had her arm _____ by the barbed wire.

A) lacerated B)lamented C)juggled D)bemoaned

19. The wrestler’s _______ maneuvers made it difficult for his opponent

to obtain a hold.

A) hermetic B)protean C)titanic D)procrustean

20. Psychoanalysis can help a patient recall long-forgotten experiences lo

st in the ______ recess of his mind.

A) labyrinthine B)chimerical C)iridescent D)mercurial

II Reading Comprehension (50%)

Passage 1

There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has be en accomplished by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent

study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual invent-ors working alo ne, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laborato ries contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, indepe ndent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, th e jet engine, the helicopterminsulin, and streptomycin. Still other invention s, such as stainless steel, television, silicons, and plexiglass were develo ped through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams. Despite these findings, we are urged to support monopoly power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, ca nnot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our s tandard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the prodigious assets of the giant corporation or conglomerate can afford th e kind of expenditures that can produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $ 35 billion spent each year in this count ry, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and pro duct development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. Ther e are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked resea rch projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources. Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstan ding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variabl e, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the competitive process is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new busines s structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, invest ment in innovation--a risky and expensive budget item--might meet resist ance from management and stockholders who might be more concerned with cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it

would be an egregious error to assume that the monopolistic producer s hould be equated with bountiful expenditures for research. Large-scale e nterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circums tances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status q uo and resist the threat implicit in change. Furthermore, the firm with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue new techniques and d ifferent products, since with little vested interest in capital equipment or p lant it is not deterred from in-vestment in innovation. In some cases, wh ere inter-industry competition is reduced or even entirely eliminated, the i ndustrial giants may seek to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescen ce by deliberately obstructing technological progress.

The conglomerates are not, however, completely exempt from strong co mpetitive pressures; there are instances in which they, too, must compet e, as against another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may incl

ude large expenditures for innovation.

16. According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth centu

ry ________.

A. are not necessarily produced as a result of governmental support for

military weapons research and development.

B. came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopoly industries.

C. were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by

research teams.

D. have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates.

17. It is the author"s belief, as expressed or implied in the passage, that

________.

A. monopoly power creates an environment supportive of innovatio n.

B. governmental protection for military research will do much to protect o

ur dwindling resources.

C. industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more q

uickly to technological change.

D. firms with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue innova

tions because they are not locked into old capital equipment.

18. Management and stockholders might be deeply concerned with cost

cutting rather than innovation if _______.

A. their company is faced with strong competition in a field not dominate

d by on

e o

f the industrial giants.

B. they are very stable and secure and hold a monopoly position in thei

r industry.

C. they are part of the military-industrial complex and are the recipients

of federal funds for product development.

D. they have produced some of the important inventions of this century.

19. Which of the following statements is neither expressed nor implied in

the passage?

A. Important inventions have been produced, in he past, by individuals a

s well as by corporate teams.

B. The federal government"s research funds are funneled into pure resea

rch as well as military research.

C. The development of the automatic transmission is not credited to org

anized industrial research.

D. Industrial giants may deliberately suppress innovations to avoid capital

loss resulting from obsolescence.

20. The author"s purpose in this passage is to____.

A. advocate an increase in governmental support of organized industrial

research.

B. point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopolistic power in in

dustry.

C. describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important

matter of research and innovation.

D. show that America"s strength depends upon individual ingenuity and r

esourcefulness.

III Translation from English into Chinese (20%)

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for

the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of angui

sh, reaching to the verge of despair.

I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great tha t I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible lo neliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the pre figuring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This i s what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this

is what at last I have found.

With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understa nd the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. A litt le of this, but not much, I have achieved.

Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward reward t he heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberated in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a haled burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what hu man life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too s

uffer.

This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and I would gladly li ve it again if the chance were offered to me.

IV Write a composition of 250—300 words on“A Solution to the Pre

sent Housing Problem”(20%)