(完整版)多视角研究生英语课后翻译Unit7-11(武汉理工大学用书)

Unit Seven Education and employment

Passage one

1.Fourteen years of higher education and a handful of Ivy League degrees, and there I was, stiff and stupid, struck dumb by my own dumbness.“Ivy retardation,”a friend of mine calls this.

1.我十四年的大学教育和在几所常春藤大学工作的经历使得我傻乎乎站在那里，笨拙不看，尴尬不已。有个朋友称这种现象为“常春藤错位”。

2. To consider that while some opportunities are being created, others are being canceled and that while some abilities are being developed, others are being crippled is, within this context, not only outrageous, but inconceivable.

2.但是再这个背景下，如果认为它创造了一些机会，却丧失了其他机会，培养了有些能力，却其消弱了其他能力，不仅是大逆不道的而且是不可思议的。

3. There is nothing wrong with taking pride in one’s intellect or knowledge. There is something wrong with the smugness and self-congratulation that elite schools connive at.

3.对自己的智慧或者只是感到自豪没有任何不对的地方，问题出现在名牌大学录取通知书进入家门的时刻起，是名牌大学所纵容的沾沾自喜和自我吹捧。

4.Not the most abject academic failure, not the most heinous act of plagiarism, not even threatening a fellow student with bodily harm—I’ve heard of all three—will get you expelled. 4.不管是最绝望的课程不及格，还是最可恶的抄袭劣行，甚至对其他同学的身体伤害的威胁等都不会被开除，这三种情况我都听说过。

5.Long before they got to college, they turned themselves into world-class hoop-jumpers and teacher-pleasers, getting A’s in every class no matter how boring they found the teacher or how pointless the subject, racking up eight or ten extracurricular activities no matter what else they wanted to do with their time.

5.在他们进入大学之前很久就已经把自己变成世界一流的俯首帖耳，讨好老师的小爬虫，在每门课上都得优秀成绩，不管他们觉得这个老师多么乏味，不管他觉得这门课多么没有意义。他们也尽力积累八到十个课外活动，不管多么想用这些时间做别的事情。

Passage two

1.Certainly many neurotic boomer parents-and their stressed-out ,resume-building teenagers—assume that it is always better to choose Harvard over Big State U. because of Harvard’s presumably superior educational environment, better alumni connections, and more lucrative on-campus recruiting opportunities.

对于那些在生育高峰期出生，已为人父母的人和他们焦虑不安，整日忙于增加阅历，以使简历内容更加丰富的十几岁的孩子来说，选择哈佛大学当然比重点州立大学更好。因为哈佛可能会有优越的教育环境，更好的校友圈子，以及更加诱人的校园招聘机会。

2.It’s true that big law firms, major teaching hospitals, and investment banks—heck, even the offices of FORTUNE—are stuffed with Ivy Leaguers. It’s also true that if you want a career at what passes for the American establishment—Sullivan&Cromwell, McKinsey, Goldman Sachs—a gilt-edged diploma is a distinct advantage.

事实上，大型法律公司，主要示教医院和投资银行，甚至是财富杂志的办公室，满是常春藤学生。这也是事实，如果你想在被当做美国经济基石的公司谋得一份职业，如苏利文＊克伦威尔律师事务所，麦肯锡，高盛等，那么一份镶金的学位证书无疑是一个独特的优势。

3.The advantages of Harvard, in other words, confer few benefits on the class slacker. Robert Zemsky. An education professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who believes a prestigious

undergraduate degree does pay off, puts it this way: “It’s like the brass ring on a merry-go-round. If you go to a high-prices, highly selective school, you have a better shot at the brass ring. But you have to grab it.”

换句话说，哈佛的优势在于不会给偷懒者带来太多的好处。宾夕法尼亚大学的教育学教授Robert Zemsky认为读有名的大学是划算的，他这样说：“这就好比是旋转木马上的铜环。如果你选择一个昂贵的高选性的学校，你就有更好的机会能够击中铜环。但是你必须得抓住它。”

4.So listen up, high school seniors: Your life is not over if you end up at the University of Oklahoma. In fact, if you want to be governor of Oklahoma when you grow up, you’re probably better off graduating a sooner.

请高校的高年级学生注意听好了：如果你仅仅只是毕业于俄克拉马荷马州立大学你的人生并没有完蛋。而事实上，如果你想长大后成为俄克拉荷马州的州长，你还能近水楼台先得月。

5.Most studies use future income, the favorite yardstick of those dead souls called economists. But knowing the cost-benefit ratio of a purchase is not the same as knowing it value.

很多研究运用未来收入，因为这是那些被称为经济学家的老家伙们最青睐的计算标准。但是，知道一件所购之物的成本效益率并不等于知道了它的价值。

Unit Eight Travel

Passage one

1. As darkness fell on the olive trees and the grazing deer, I slipped into the jacuzzi in my tree house and listened to the Pacific breakers roll in.

当夜幕落在橄榄树和吃草的鹿上，我滑进我树屋中的浴缸，听着太平洋的波涛滚滚的声音。

2. Kaikoura is not a name that trips off the tongue when you list those lucky places that offer encounters with nature and a touch of luxury.

与那些让游人接触到大自然和获得奢侈享受的著名景点相比，凯库拉并不是人民耳熟能详的名字

3. There’s a shock of cold water and a heave of ocean swell, even though we’re within sight of the mountains ,not half a mile from the shore.

尽管我们的视线还能看到山脉，离海岸不超过半英里，却感到一股冰冷的水袭和湍急的海涌。

4. Today, the hunt is for thrills not kills.

今天，追踪鲸鱼只是为了刺激而不是杀戮。

5. It’s a view that the modern world is starting to share .And here in Kaikoura, you can experience it for real.

这一点在世界渐达共识。在卡库拉，你可以真真切切体会到它。

Passage two

1.It often puts a strain on water resources and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources.

1.它常常造成的水资源紧张的局面，迫使当地居民为了争夺紧缺资源。

2.Because of the hot climate and the tendency of tourists to consume more water when on holiday than they do at home, the amount used can run up to 440 liters a day.

2.因为炎热的天气和越来越多旅游者的趋势，比起平时待在家里，水消耗在假期会变得更多，总使用量高达440公升/天。

3.In areas with high concentrations of tourist and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a

serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment - rivers, scenic areas and roadsides.

3.在旅客活动集中地区和颇具人气的自然景点，废物处置是一个严峻的问题，不恰当的垃圾处置会威胁到自然环境——河流，风景区和路边。

4.Often tourism fails to integrate its structures with the natural features and indigenous architecture of the destination.

4.通常旅游业都无法将其结构和当地的自然特点与原始建筑风格相结合。

5.It can also cause the loss of biodiversity when land and resources are strained by excessive use and when impacts on vegetation, wildlife, mountain, marine and coastal environment and water resources exceed the carrying capacity.

5.当土地和资源被过分利用时，植物、野生动物、山川、海产和沿海环境以及水资源超过其承载能力时，也会导致生物的多样性的流失。

Unit nine Beauty and Fashion

Passage one

1. On any day, the average US consumer is exposed to constant messages about beauty and appearance.

1.每一天，美国消费者普遍都会接触到源源不断的有关美丽和美貌的信息。

2. Cosmetic interventions are about normalizing-thatis, striving to achieve the current cultural norms of appearance.

2.化妆是一个标准化的问题，即尽力实现当前大家都认同的外貌标准。

3. The more devoted society becomes to physical looks, the more difficult it is for regular people who may feel that they do not measure up.

3.社会越多的关注外在样貌，普通人越会感觉到难以符合标准。

4. The organization encourages patients to become educated about their options

4.这个组织鼓励患者对自己的选择要有所认识和了解。

5. So, too, does the amount of time and money we spend on what is ultimately a futile goal: changing time.

5.同样，我们在这样一个终归是毫无意义的目标上耗费的时间和金钱也是如此：只是为了欺骗岁月。

Passage two

1. The government’s sudden decision to ask for a halt to breast-enlargement operations because they might be unsafe has terrified 2million women who have had them.

政府突然决定要停止实施隆胸手术,理由是这种手术可能不够安全，这一决定使得200万接触过这一手术的妇女感到惊恐。

2. Until recently the most remarkable thing about cosmetic surgery in America, was how unremarkable it was. 在美国美容业当前最引人注目的事是它过去多么为人们所忽视。

3. New rules may discipline the industry, but they are unlikely to stop it growing unless the American obsession with physical beauty sours.

新的规定可能会对这行业有所约束，但不大可能阻止它的发展，除非美国人不再那么迷恋于体形美。

4. When pushed to defend their trade, cosmetic surgeons argue that “vanity surgery”is often just an extension of reconstructive surgery.

迫于舆论压力，整容医生也不得不为自己的行业辩护，他们争辩说，被称为“美容外科”的整容手术常常只不过是再造外科手术的一种延续而已。

5. Critics say this is surrendering their identities to the white stereotypes that appear on the media. Surgeons say the point is more subtle: minorities want to de-emphasise rather than eradicate their looks.

评论家指出，这是放弃他们自身的特征，而趋附于宣传媒体中出现的那种白人的形象，整容医生说事情还有更加微妙之处，其实少数民族只想不突出他们的外表，而并非要根除他们的容貌特征。

Unit Ten Environmental Engineering

Passage one

1.“The spill is an insidious enemy.”said Coast Guard Admiral Thad W.Allen, “This is a long campaign, and we’re going to be dealing with this for the foreseeable future”.

1.美国海岸警卫队司令泰德·艾伦说：‘漏油是一个阴险狡猾的敌人，这将是一场持久战，为了不远的将来，我们当然会全力以赴’。

2. Even when the company did something right, it couldn’t do it right.

2.即使公司采取了正确的措施也于事无补了。

3. President Barack Obama-criticized for being too cool in a crisis-has begun to reflect America’s rage.

3.在墨西哥湾漏油事故发生后，一直置身事外而饱受诟病的奥巴马总统，开始回应国人的愤怒。

4. And all of us bear responsibility too for depending on and demanding cheap oil underwritten by risky drilling while showing again and angina at the ballot box that we wouldn’t support a government that really regulated the industry.

4.我们也咎由自取，因为我们过分依赖和需求由高风险钻进开采的廉价石油，同时，在选票选举中我们也一次次的反对真正能够规范这个行业的政府行为。

5.As difficult as cleaning the oil over the next several months will be, mopping up the bureaucratic slopthat led to the Gulf spill will be far tougher.

5.接下来的几个月清理油污会很困难，而肃清导致海湾地区石油泄漏时间的官僚政治腐败更举步维艰。

Passage two

1 If conservationists hope to save even the wild lands and wild creatures, they are going to have to address issues of economy, which is to say issues of the health of the landscapes and the towns and cities where we do our work, and the quality of that work, and the well-being of the people who do the work.

1.如果生态环境保护者们希望能挽救的即便是荒地和野生动物，他们也将不得不解决经济方面的问题，也就是指地区风貌和我们工作的城镇、城市的健康问题，以及这项工作的质量和做这项工作的人们的福祉。

2 We know that soil erosion, air and water pollution, urban sprawl, the proliferation of highways and garbage are making our lives always less pleasant, less healthful, less sustainable, and our dwelling places more ugly.

2.我们知道我们正在自己的森林里滥砍滥伐；我们知道水土流失、空气及水源污染，城市蔓生，以及公路和垃圾暴增，常常使自己的生活更加不如意，不健康，不可忍受，住所更加丑

陋不堪。

3 Such damage is justified by its corporate perpetrators and their political abettors in the name of the “free market”and “free enterprise”, but this is a freedom that makes greed the dominant economic virtue, and it destroys the freedom of other people along with their communities and livelihoods.

3.这种损害是其企业肇事者及政治教唆者们以“自由市场”和“自由企业”的名义得以辩护的。但是这种自由是以贪婪为主导的经济美德。它会破坏他人的自由，以及他们的社区和生活。

4 As a result, our once-beautiful and bountiful countryside has long been a colony of the coal, timber, and agribusiness corporations, yielding an immense wealth of energy and raw materials at an immense cost to our land and our land’s people.

4.其结果就是，我们曾经美丽而富饶的乡村长期以来都是作为煤炭，木材。农业产业的殖民地，以我们的土地及其子民的巨大牺牲来换取能源和原材料的巨额财富。

5 Furthermore, to permit the smaller enterprises always to be ruined by false advantages, either at home or in the global economy, is ultimately to destroy local, regional, and even national capabilities of producing vital supplies such as food and textiles.

5.此外，无论在国内还是全球经济范围内，让小型企业在这些人为的优势之下破产，最终将会破坏地方，区域甚至国家生产重要供应品的能力，比如食品和纺织品。

Unit Eleven Health

Passage one

1.Until recently,the growing awareness that government were, living a lie over life expectancy was largely confined to a small crile of specialist demographers.

1.直到最近，越来越多人认识到政府不明智的以为寿命仅限于一小部分人口学家关心。

2.We have to strongly consider that current frcecasts of the elderty are actually too low. Not only will the numbers be greater, but there will be more at the older end of the scale.

2.我们强烈地认为目前对老年人寿命的预测太低了。不仅老年人的寿命会更长，而且还会有更多数量的老年人。

3.Reductions in mortality should not be seen as a disconnected sequence of unrepeatable revolutions but rather as a regular stream of continuing progress.

3.死亡率的减少不应该视为不可重复变革的间断结局，而是一个常规的持续过程。

4 The ignominius saga of life expectacy maxima is more than an exquisite case for historians intrigued by the foibles of science;continuing belief in imminent limis is distoring public and private dcision making

4.有关最高寿命的耻辱传说对于历史学家来说不仅仅是科学缺陷的一个精致案例，继续相信临近界限也会扭曲公众和个人的决策。

5. The paper accuses colleagues of using“empirical misconceptions and specious theories" to reassure policymakers.

5.该文章指控同行用“经验误解和似是而非的理论”安慰决策者。

Passage one

1.The main reasons for this trend are the dramatic advances in medical diagnosis and treatment as well as the changing American lifestyle, with its new emphasis on healthier diets and regular exercise and its declining dependence on tobacco.

1.这种趋势主要归因于医疗的巨大进步和一直都在改变的美国人的生活方式，

强调健康饮食，经常锻炼以及逐渐减少抽烟。

2.Every country with reliable health statistics reports that women live longer than men;the observation is at least as old as health statistic themselves,because women outlived men by nearly three years when such data were first recorded in Europe more than 200 years ago.

2.这种性别差异不只是限于美国。各国可靠的健康统计报告都显示女性比男性活得长;这个论断至少和健康统计本身一样久远，因为200多年前在欧洲记录的最早统计数据就显示女性比男性长寿将近3年。

3.The importance of fetal hormones in determining sex characeristics is obvioas, but their role in influencing longevity is far from clear.

3.胚胎激素在确定性别特征方面的重要性是显而易见的，但它们在影响寿命方面的作用还不清楚。

4.The differences in estrogen and testosterone levels between men and women is the simplest way to account for the gender gap, athough it does not fully explain the variancs in life expectancies. 4.男女不同的雌激素和雄激素水平是解释性别差异的最简单的方法，尽管它不能完全解释寿命的差别。

5.A walk down the health aisle of your local bookstore tells the tale: books on women's health greatly outnumber books on men's health, because publishers respond to consumer demand.

5.你只要去当地书店的健康栏看看就会发现:有关女性健康的的书籍远远比男性健康书籍多，因为出版商是迎合顾客需求的。