Chapter 6 谓语翻译for students

Chapter 6 谓语翻译

一）汉英谓语对比

二）确定谓语的原则

1. 主谓一致+时态+语气

1) 我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。

Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on in our country.

2) 她的独生子让车给轧了。

Her only son was run over by a car.

2. 谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当

1）这件事告诉我们，他为人不诚实。

The incidence showed us that he was dishonest

2）世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.

3）这次旅游可以选择的地方有北京、上海或西安。

Beijing,Shanghai and Xi’an are the places we can choose during this trip.

4）本书精选流传于中国南方26个少数民族的131则脍炙人口的故事。

The books consists of 131 superb stories popular among 26minority nationalities in the south of the China.

5) 这一证书课程将在三年内学完。

This certificate course of studies will spread over three years.

6) 细雨淅沥，秋风瑟瑟。

It was drizzling on a windy autumn.

7）你的教学科研取得了长足的进步，但不应因此而自满。

You have made great progress in the research on teaching,but you should guard against complacency.

8）汉语部不仅教中国学生汉语和中国文学课，还招收学习汉语的外国留学生。

The Chinese Program offers not only Chinese and Chinese Literature but course for international students of Chinese.

3. 谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当

1）秦朝第一位皇帝秦始皇于公元前221年统一六国。

QinShiHuang,the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty,conquered the other six states in 221BC.

2）热腾腾的晚餐已摆好在桌上。

Hot meals were served on the dinner table.

3）他们也学会了中国的饮茶。

They became accustomed to the Chinese tea-drinking.

4）到麦当劳去吃什么? 有人总结说：吃时髦，吃清洁，吃快捷，吃氛围，吃气派，吃档次，吃高雅。闹了半天，还没有涉及“吃饱肚子”。

For what do we go to the McDonald’s?Summarized are the following answers:for its popularity,for its remark cleanness,instant services,exotic atmosphere,showing off,super quality,elegant consumption.With so many for,yet we have not come to “for our stomach”.

5）退耕还林具有长远的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。

Grain for green will bring about far-reaching ecological,economic and social benefits.

6）九斤老太早已做过八十大寿，仍然不平，而且健康，六斤的双丫角，已经变成一支大辫子了。

Old Mrs.Ninepounder celebrated her eightieth birthday some time ago and s as full of complaints,as hale and hearty as ever.Sixpounder’s twin tufts of hair have changed in a thick braid.

7）液体的形态总是随着容器的变化而变化，因为液体没有自己的固定形态。换言之，无论你把它放在什么样的容器中，它的形状总是和容器内壁的形状完全一样。

Since a liquid has no definite shape of its own,it varies in shape from container to container.In other words,in whatever container it is poured,the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container.

4. 根据目的语的表达习惯

花坛北面有一株腊梅花，南端是一丛南天竹。

A winter plum stood on the northern end of the terrace,and a nandina erected on the southern end.

5. 谓语最小化原则

1）今天的中国，经济发展，政治稳定，民族团结。

Today’s China is enjoying unprecedented political stability,economic prosperity andethnic harmony.

2）第二天早晨，他腋下夹着几本书回来了。

The next morning, she came back home with some books under her arm.

6. 词汇的多样化

1）一个世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化，第一次是辛亥革命，第二次是中华人民共和国的成立，第三次是改革开放。

2）英雄造时势，时势造英雄。

Times makes heros, while heros shape the times.

7. 谓语选词要具体化

在餐饮方面，私营企业的买卖完全超过了国家办的。

In the retail and catering sectors,household operations have completely outmarketed the state.

三）连动式的译法

翻译下列句子：

今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要侧重两个方面：一是加强亚太经合组织成员之间的合作，共同应对可能出现的经济衰退，重树信心；二是继续推进亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程，推动世界贸易组织尽早开始新一轮谈判。

The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all the APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession through rebuilding up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment of APEC for the start of a new round of negotiations / talks for WTO.

1 第一组

1）他把书接过来摆在桌子上。

He took the book and laid it on the desk.

2）这个军官放下杯子站了起来。

The officer put down his glass and stood up.

3）她备好了课开始写日记。

Having prepared her lessons, she began to write dairy.

2、第二组

寻章摘句，世之腐儒也，何能兴邦立事？

Those who are lost in selecting passages and choosing phrases are pedants. How can such men make their states strong and do great deeds?

3、第三组

1）老汉举起手来搔他那光秃秃的头顶。

The old man raised his hand to scratch his bald head.

2）去年我和弟弟回乡去看朋友。

Last year, I went back to hometown with my little brother to visit our friends.

3）他回房间去取钥匙。

He went back to his room for the key.

4）这年头，谁敢下乡去收租米？

Who dares go to the villiages for rent those days?

5）她上楼去拿大衣。

She went upstairs for her coat.

6）我们必须集中力量进行经济建设，进一步发展和壮大自己。

We must concentrate on economic development, for further developing and strengthening ourselves

4、第四组

1) 他们热烈鼓掌欢迎来宾。

They welcomed the guests with warm applause.

2）不久，他捧着那本书回来了。

Very soon he came back, holding that book in his hand.

3）士兵们端着枪冲了进来。

The soldiers rushed in with their guns in hand.

4）Sophia 在沙发上坐着等。

Sophia is waiting, sitting on the sofa.

5 连动式句式翻译训练

1)妻在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷糊糊哼着眠歌。

The wife is patting Run Er in the house, singing the lullaby to him.

2）双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番就各自走开。

Both sides greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves.

3）我悄悄地披上了大衫，带上门出去了。

Putting on my overcoat and closing the door, I made my way out.

4）海洋覆盖了地球表面的71%，是全球生命支持系统的一个基本组成部分。

The ocean, covering 71% of the earth’s surface, is a basic component of the global life supporting system.

5）后来，青蛇精在深山中修炼，习武多年，终于砸烂了那座塔，救出白蛇精。

For many years afterwards, Green Snake hid herself in deep mountains and gave herself rigorous spiritual and martial arts training; in the end she succeeded in toppling the pagoda and rescued White Snake.

6）一到星期天，他就蒙头大睡打发光阴。

On Sundays, he always whiles away on tucking himself in bed and sleeping like a log.

7）看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。

The doorkeeper was stunned, gasping and staggering down the stairs.

8) 他们利用持久战术把敌人引到内陆歼灭。

The drew the enemy into the hinterland and wiped them out with a prolonged war.

9) 那辆出租车撞倒了小女孩后逃离了现场。

The taxi knocked down the little girl and fled the scene.

10)你最好打个电话跟他约个时间见面谈谈。

You’d better call him and make an appointment to talk with him face to face.

11）中国是最大的发展中国家，市场广阔，商业机会大，劳动力成本低，但资金短缺、科技和管理相对落后。

China is the world's largest developing country, with a huge market, great business opportunities, and low labor costs, but short of capital and relatively backward in technology and management skills.

12）美国是最大的发达国家，经济总量大，资本充足，科技发达，但劳动力成本高。

The US is the world's largest developed country, with a vast economy, abundant capital and advanced in science and technology, but costly in labor.

四）被动句的翻译

1. 隐含被动句

1）屋子烧了。

The house was burned.

2)大部份的问题都满意解决了。

Most of the problems are solved with satisfaction.

3)中国第三届全国大学生运动会定于今年八月在南京举行。

China’s Third National Sports Meeting of College Students is scheduled to be held in Nanjing in August this year.

4)路上的雪打扫了。

The snow on the road has been cleaned.

5)船上的货卸下来了。

The cargoes on the ship have been unloaded.

2.无主句

1) 对他的请求应作出立即的答复。

Respond to his request immediately.

2) 到目前为止尚未得出结论。

So far no conclusion has been reached.

3) 道路两旁已栽上许多幼小的树苗。

Many saplings have been planted on both sides of the road.

3避免使用主语的句子

1）据说(传、报导)这部小说已改编成戏剧了。

It is said that this novel has been adapted for drama.

2）希望你的预言将成为事实。

Hope your prediction will become a reality.

4.使用不确定的主语的句子

1）有人告诉我他今天下午不来参加会议。

Someone told me that he didn’t come to the meeting this afternoon.

2) 在记者招待会上人们问了他许多问题。

People asked him a lot of questions at the press conference.

5. 在汉语里有“在……中”的句型，这种句子可英译为被动句。例如:

1) 公寓在建筑中。

The apartments are being built.

2) 问题在考虑中。

The problem is being considered.

6. “由”字句

1) 这个任务由小刘完成。

This task was finished by Liu.

2) 所有被邀请出席会议的国家都由政府首脑代表。

All the countries that are invited to attend the meeting will be represented by the heads of their governments.

7.翻译练习

1) 我们两国人民贸易的交往可以追溯到很久以前。

Trade contacts between our two peoples can be traced back to long time ago.

2) 团结统一，深深地印在中国人的民族意识中。

Solidarity and unity have been inscribed in the hearts of the Chinese people as part of their national identity.

3) 品牌名称是能看得见、能说出来、能写出来的，而品牌标识是只能看得见而不能说

出来的。

A brand name can be seen, spoken out and written out, whereas a brand logo can only be seen instead of being spoken out.

4) 秦朝的时候，修建了交通要道，统一了文字和货币，并且把长城连接了起来。

During the Qin Dynasty, a road system was developed, writing and coinage were standardized and the Great Walls were joined into one.

5) 这两份文件都是花了大工夫的，我看都是比较成熟的。

Much efforts has been put into the two documents and in my opinion, both are well thought out.