科技英语语法第一章_2

2015/9/16 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
第一章
? ? ? ? ?
词类
? ? ? ?
§1.3 等立连接词 1、and Certain materials, such as silver and copper, have many free electrons. And some materials have practically no free electrons. When an emf（电动势） is applied across two ends of a wire, many free electrons progress along the wire and a current results.
I、冠词 II、介词 III、等立连接词 IV、数词 V、动词
VI、副词 VII、形容词 VIII、代词 IX、名词
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.3 等立连接词 1、and Air has weight and occupies space. We can go one step further and take into account the nonzero slope（斜率）of the actual curves.
§1.3 等立连接词 1、and come go try and … stop …… Try hard, and you will work the nut
（螺母）loose.
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.3 等立连接词 1、and （祈使句 + and = if 条件句）句型：一般： A, B, C(,) and D 强调： A and B and C and D.
§1.3 等立连接词 2、or R, G, or B video voltage indicates information of that color. This variable should be compared with the ideal, or desired value. There are three main laws of mechanics or three laws of Newton.
1

2015/9/16 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.3 等立连接词 2、or Computers are particularly useful in such systems as telemetry（遥测）, where signals must be quickly recorded or be lost. It is important for the reader to learn and understand the basic concepts and operations presented here, or the development（讲述） and the applications of later topics will be difficult to comprehend.
§1.3 等立连接词 must important …… essential …… or …… imperative necessary The greater the resistivity（电阻率）, the greater the field（电场） needed to establish（建立） a given current density （密度）, or the smaller the current density caused by a given field. 2、or
西安电子科技大学
§1.3 等立连接词 2、or
句型：一般：A, B, C (,)
?
第一章
词类
? ? ? ?
or D
? ? ? ?
强调：A or B or C or D
I、冠词 II、介词 III、等立连接词 IV、数词 V、动词
VI、副词 VII、形容词 VIII、代词 IX、名词
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.4 数词～ 1、分数表示法
（1）一般公式分子（基数词）/ 分母（序数词复数；但若分子≤1时用单数）
§1.4 数词～ 1、分数表示法
（1）一般公式零点三克→ three tenths of a gram ; 0.3 gram 零点几克→ a few [several] tenths of a gram 这个电阻上的电压为零点零几伏特。
1/3 → one third 5/6 → five sixths 1/2 → a [one] half （绝不能用“one second”）
The voltage across this resistor is a few [several] hundredths of a volt.
2

2015/9/16 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.4 数词～ 1、分数表示法
(2) 科技上的一种常用形式（一般表示比较小的分数）分子（基数词 + part(s)）/ 分母（in a + 基数词 [ in + 阿拉伯数字; per + 基数词]）
§1.4 数词
2、数词作前置定语倍数分数百分数 + ① the, its, their +名词 ② that +后置定语 ③ what从句
This mass（质量）change is less than 1 part in 1011. Its error is only 5 parts in 106 [ in a million; per million].
Its output is 100 times (as great as) the signal applied to the amplifier（放大器）.
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.4 数词～ 2、数词作前置定语
§1.4 数词～ 2、数词作前置定语 The force provided by two parallel rubber bands is twice (as large as) that provided by one rubber band.
或者：Two parallel rubber bands provide twice as large a force as one rubber band.
两根平行的 (parallel) 橡皮筋(rubber band) 所提供的力为一根橡皮筋的两倍。
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.4 数词～ 2、数词作前置定语
§1.4 数词～ 2、数词作前置定语
这个电压为原来的2/5。
This voltage is two fifths what it was. [ = two fifths its original value]
3

2015/9/16 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.4 数词～ 3、两个句型的汉译法 (1) The LEO（低地球轨道）system requires 20 times more satellites than a GEO（同步地球轨道）system to cover（覆盖）the globe （地球）. The average Nu is found to equal 23.5 or nearly 4.5 times greater than the ideal Nu of 5.38.
§1.4 数词～ 3、两个句型的汉译法
XVI is used to express the number of 16. To express a number a thousand times larger, the Romans put a line above that number.
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.4 数词～ 3、两个句型的汉译法
§1.4 数词～ 3、两个句型的汉译法
这本书比那本厚3倍。
This book is four times thicker than that one.
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§1.4 数词～ 3、两个句型的汉译法
§1.4 数词～ 3、两个句型的汉译法 (2) This transistor causes the signal current to increase by a factor of 100. The initial（起始的）photon（光子） number was taken to be 10 times the inversion（反转） ratio for solid（实心的） curves, whereas a factor of 10 less was used for the dashed（长划的） curve .
规则：
“n” times + 比较级 = “n” times as 原级
as
即：英译汉减一倍；汉译英加一倍
4

2015/9/16 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
§1.4 数词～ 3、两个句型的汉译法
规则：用“a factor of n”来表示“增减” 的倍数时，等效于“n – 1”倍
(factor = multiplied by)
5

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2015/12/2 Wednesday
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句
1、一般情况（1）公式
§5. 2 同位语从句 The latter（后一）form has the advantage that it can be extended（扩展） to complex quantities .
+ 某些抽象名词 +
the this a/an O no
形容词物主代词
that从句[“that”在
从句中无词义、无成分]
③ “动宾译法”：这时该“抽象名词” 来自于可带有宾语从句的及物动词。
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句
（2）译法 ① “～这一 ……” 的
§5. 2 同位语从句 During the past several years, there has been an increasing [a growing] recognition [realization; awareness] within business（商务）and academic（学术的） circles（界）that certain nations have evolved（发展）into information societies .
The assumption that β = constant is often made to simplify analysis. R = r is the condition that power delivered（提供）by a given source is a maximum .
西安电子科技大学
西安电子科技大学
§5. 2 同位语从句 Here we have used the definition （定义）that acceleration（加速度）is the rate（速率）of change of velocity .
② 这一 ……：～以下的
§5. 2 同位语从句 The main theoretical development in this decade（十年）has been in the recognition that material properties should be included in analytical models . This is equivalent to a statement that everything is attracted by the earth.
This account for（解释）the observation（观察到的情况）that the resistivity of a metal increases with temperature .
1

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科技英语语法考题

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自考英语语法名词解释

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英语语法名词专题

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科技英语语法 第一章_2