2019专八考试翻译技巧:介词的翻译

2019专八考试翻译技巧:介词的翻译
2019专八考试翻译技巧:介词的翻译

2019专八考试翻译技巧:介词的翻译

2017专八考试翻译技巧:介词的翻译

英语中绝大部分介词含义灵活,一词多义多用。除了一些常用短

语已有译法外,大量介词需要从其基本意义出发,联系上下文加以灵

活处理。下面简明地介绍几种基本译法。 (1)转译:英语中常用介词

来表达动作意义。汉译时,可将介词转译成动词。

①在作表语的介词短语中,介词常转译为动词,而连系动词则省

略不译。如:This machine is out of repair.这台机器失修了。

②在作目的或原因状语的介词短语中,介词有时转译成动词。如:The plane crushed out of control.这架飞机失去控制而坠毁。

The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force.通

常用E这个字母表示电动势。③在作条件、方式或方法状语的介词短

语中,介词有时转译成动词。如:

But even the larger molecules with several hundred atoms are too small to be seen

with the best optical microscope.但是,即使有几百个原子

的分子也是太小了,用的光学显微镜也看不见它们。

④介词短语作补足语时,其中介词常转译成动词。如:

Heat sets these particles in random motion.热量使这些粒

子作随机运动。

(2)增译:增词不是无中生有,而是要根据上下文特别是与介词

搭配的动词或形容词的含义加得恰当。有很多情况,句中与介词搭配

的动词或形容词不出现,如照原文结构无法把意思表达清楚,甚至易

于误解时,这就需要增词。

如:Thats all there is to it.那就是与此相关的全部内容。(原句中 to=related to) The engineer was taken ill with consumption. It was flour on the lungs, the doctor told him

at the time.这个工程师得了肺一病、那是因为面粉对肺部的影响,

当时医生这样对他说的。(on=effect)

所以,熟悉介词与动词或形容词的习惯搭配是增词并准确理解词

义的一种重要手段。

(3)分译:介词短语作定语时,往往是定语从句的一种简略形式。介词短语作状语时,有时是状语从句的简略形式。有些介词短语还是

并列句的简略形式。所以汉译时,有的能够拆句分译。

①译成并列分句。

The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就象一把筛子,它把不同质量的分子分开。

②译成让步分句。

With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best.这个设计即使有种种缺点,仍被认为设计之一。

历年专业八级考试真题:翻译

历年专业八级考试真题:翻译 历年专业八级考试真题:翻译 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province(范围)of the rich unless we abdicate(退位、放弃)society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible(易接近的,可达到的)to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives(必要的)of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse(冲动)towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation(表述、陈述)is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment(完成、成就)in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones (标准、试金石)for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire(立志、追求目标、渴望); they carry the most profound (深厚的、深刻的)messages that can be sent from one human to another. 参考译文: 欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈:你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而,享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权,除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众,面向那些个人没有支

英语介词的翻译技巧(2)

英语知识 (3)分译:介词短语作定语时,往往是定语从句的一种简略形式。介词短语作状语时,有时是状语从句的简略形式。有些介词短语还是并列句的简略形式。因此汉译时,有的可以拆句分译。 ①译成并列分句。 The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就象一把筛子,它把不同质量的分子分开。 ②译成让步分句。 With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best.这个设计尽管有种种缺点,仍被认为最佳设计之一。 ③译成真实或虚拟条件分句。 Mans warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without some kind warmth.人的血液是热的,如果得不到一定的热量,人就难以长期在海水中生活。 ④译成原因分句。 We cannot see it clearly for the fog.由于有雾,我们看不清它。The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 这部机器并不因使用的时间长而性能变差了。 ⑤译成目的分句。 This body of knowledge is customarily divided for convenience of study into the classifications: mechanics, heat, light, electricity and sound..为了便于研究起见,通常将这门学科分为力学、热学、光学、电学和声学。 (4)不译:不译或省略翻译是在确切表达原文内容的前提下使译文简练,合乎汉语规范,决不是任意省略某些介词。 ①表示时间或地点的英语介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大都

十年专八翻译真题附答案

2013汉译英 生活像一杯红酒,热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。Life is like a cup of wine;people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. 将它握在手中观察,它的暗红有血的感觉,那正是生命的痕迹。Hold in the hand and gaze at it,the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood,which is the impress of life.抿一口留在口中回味,它的甘甜有一丝苦涩,如人生一般复杂迷离。Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste,the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life,which is complicated and blurred. 喝一口下肚,余香润人心肺,让人终受益。Once the sip is swallowed,the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind,leaving a person lifelong benefit. 红酒越陈越美味,生活越丰富越美好。There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine:the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows,just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. 当人生走向晚年,就如一瓶待开封的好酒,其色彩是沉静的,味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 When life comes to twilight years,it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity,just like a bottle of wine to be savored. 英译汉 联合国代表大会,中心政治论坛,由193个成员国组成,几乎包括世界上所有国家,其中三分之二的国家为发展中国家,占世界总人口的四分之三。通过决议非常困难,尤其是所有惯例决出的协议必须达成一致才能通过。结果就是,重要的协议总是被狭隘的特殊利益所挟持,并且大部分协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化。但真正的问题是世界上主要国.是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展。联合国安理会,负责和平和安全,处理最重要的政治问题。安理会只有15个成员国,所以能经常性地应付危机。它曾一度由于冷战对立而停摆,但已经重新获得了联合国宪章给予的权利。 2012汉译英 痛苦纠聚心中,眉心发烫发热,胸口郁闷难展,胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时,她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步,这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗,窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧,这里有善心的神父和修女,这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心,这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密,她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。 Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment. She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. ―Just leave it here‖, she told herself, ―This is the best choice by far, for there are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center‖. The chi ld was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods. 英译汉But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会,就把等保安人员)(not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses)now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. 然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧买醉,处于保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们为了保住自己卖酒的牌照也不会允许过激的事情发生)。现在,大学生们躲到他们互助会会所和公寓中酗酒,对自己饮酒的 数量或行为都不再控制。政府在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地,没收了违禁品,导致毒品的价格暴涨,那些便宜的替代品因此也有了竞争力。糟糕的是,那些便宜的替换品带来的危害甚至比他们所替代的毒品更大。 2011:汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是,面对重重矛

第三章 常用翻译技巧

第三章常用翻译技巧 了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力,一般而言,大致有下述8种基本技巧:1) 选词用字(Diction)2) 增词法(Amplification)3) 省略法(Omission)4) 转换法(Conversion)5) 重复法(Repetition)6) 语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译,反说正译(Negation)8) 长句拆译(Division) &分清主从(Subordination)。 3.1 选词用字 简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字),就是说,在理解原文时,由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异,对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲,找出它们的内涵意义(connotation),再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺,符合译文习惯。 例1.Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 译1:爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。× 译2:办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精,愿买贵的。√ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 译1:他们需要质量,但却要预算价格。× 译2:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. (1)“little grace”和“less give”:“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”?言不达意且文脉不通。 (2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义:既然是政治谈判,所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗? (3) “less”一词更须注意,它是前面“little”的比较级,说明“give”比“grace”更少。译文如下: 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 文中“stay”“tastes”二字极其通俗,而“budgets”却又十分抽象。如何在译文中用符合行业规范的词语表达值得推敲。直译“逗留”“预算”“口味”均不合适,读者无法接受。根据上下文语义,结合目前流行的说法,“下榻”、“档次”、“品味”译得恰到好处。

介词翻译技巧

介词翻译技巧(1) (1)转译:英语中常用介词来表达动作意义。汉译时,可将介词转译成动词。 ①在作表语的介词短语中,介词常转译为动词,而连系动词则省略不译。如:This ma chine is out of repair.这台机器失修了。 ②在作目的或原因状语的介词短语中,介词有时转译成动词。如: The plane crushed out of control.这架飞机失去控制而坠毁。 The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force.通常用E这个字母表示电动势。 ③在作条件、方式或方法状语的介词短语中,介词有时转译成动词。如: But even the larger molecules with several hundred atoms are too small to be seen with the best optical microscope.但是,即使有几百个原子的分子也是太小了,用最好的光学显微镜也看不见它们。 ④介词短语作补足语时,其中介词常转译成动词。如: Heat sets these particles in random motion.热量使这些粒子作随机运动。 (2)增译:增词不是无中生有,而是要根据上下文特别是与介词搭配的动词或形容词的含义加得恰当。有不少情况,句中与介词搭配的动词或形容词不出现,如照原文结构无法把意思表达清楚,甚至易于误解时,这就需要增词。 如:Thats all there is to it.那就是与此有关的全部内容。(原句中to=related to)The engineer was taken ill with consumption. It was flour on the lungs,the d octor told him at the time.这个工程师得了肺一病、那是由于面粉对肺部的影响,当时医生这样对他说的。(on=effect) 因此,熟悉介词与动词或形容词的习惯搭配是增词并正确理解词义的一种重要手段。 介词翻译技巧(2) (3)分译:介词短语作定语时,往往是定语从句的一种简略形式。介词短语作状语时,有时是状语从句的简略形式。有些介词短语还是并列句的简略形式。因此汉译时,有的可以拆 句分译。 ①译成并列分句。 The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就 象一把筛子,它把不同质量的分子分开。 ②译成让步分句。 With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best.这个 设计尽管有种种缺点,仍被认为最佳设计之一。 ③译成真实或虚拟条件分句。 Mans warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without som e kind warmth.人的血液是热的,如果得不到一定的热量,人就难以长期在海水中生活。 ④译成原因分句。 We cannot see it clearly for the fog.由于有雾,我们看不清它。 The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 这部机器并不因使用的时间长而性能变差了。 ⑤译成目的分句。 This body of knowledge is customarily divided for convenience of study into the classifications:mechanics,heat,light,electricity and sound.。为了便于研究起见,

历年专八翻译真题

历年专八英译汉翻译真题 1995 I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life? For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self? I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.” Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us. 对我的几个儿子来说,乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜,垂钓来的鱼,邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。乡下有不用付报酬便可请来照看孩子的邻居,作为回报,我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间互相交换技能和劳动。但比之更重要的是,你如何来衡量那静谧与安详?如何来衡量自我价值呢? 我无意将小地方的生活理想化。因为有时外面的世界会无情地侵入:比如汽油价格上涨,开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田;那里充斥着凶残和偏狭,大城市的种种卑劣行径,小地方也一应俱全。不仅如此,当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为,而又不得不承认这一切是我们的一部分时,就更难以忽视它们。 1996 It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America – a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将,他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源,是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利,也很多好消息可供炒作。例如,美国上下一片和平,美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开始强劲反弹。此外,这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助,因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是,他们的候选人是罗纳德·里根,他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰·F·肯尼迪总统以来,里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图的总统:一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。

常用翻译技巧.

1)Diction(选词用字) 2)Amplification(增词法) 3)Omission(省略法) 4)Conversion(转换法) 5)Repetition(重复法) 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation(正说反译,反说正译) 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination(分清主从) 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译:办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精,愿买贵的。 √ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈

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增词不是无中生有,而是要根据上下文特别是与介词搭配的动词或形容词的含义加得恰当。有不少情况,句中与介词搭配的动词或形容词不出现,如照原文结构无法把意思表达清楚,甚至易于误解时,这就需要增词。 如:That's all there is to it.那就是与此有关的全部内容。(原句中to=related to) The engineer was taken ill with consumption.It was flour on the lungs,the doctor told him at the time.这个工程师得了肺病、那是由于面粉对肺部的影响,当时医生这样对他说的。(on=effect) 因此,熟悉介词与动词或形容词的习惯搭配是增词并正确理解词义的一种重要手段。 三、分译 介词短语作定语时,往往是定语从句的一种简略形式。介词短语作状语时,有时是状语从句的简略形式。有些介词短语还是并列句的简略形式。因此汉译时,有的可以拆句分译。 ①译成并列分句。The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就像一把筛子,它把不同质量的分子分开。

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些粒子作随机运动。 (2)分译:介词短语作定语时,往往是定语从句的一种简略形式。介词短语作状语时,有时是状语从句的简略形式。有些介词短语还是并列句的简略形式。因此在英译汉是,拆句分译也是经常会使用的方法。一位青岛专业翻译公司老师说,而分译的句型选择可以有很多,这可以根据上下文来灵活处理,下面我们给大家介绍的是一些在分译中经常能够用到的句型和方法。 ①译成并列分句。 The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating molecules.多孔壁的作用就像一把筛子,它把不同质量的分子分开。 ②译成让步分句。 With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best.这个设计尽管有种种缺点,仍被认为最佳设计之一。 ③译成真实或虚拟条件分句。 Mans warm blood makes it difficult for him to live long in the sea without some kind warmth.人的血液是热的,如果得不到一定的热量,人就难以长期在海水中生活。 ④译成原因分句。 We cannot see it clearly for the fog.由于有雾,我们看不清它。 ⑤译成目的分句。

近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案

2007年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C-E:暮色中,河湾里落满云霞,与天际得颜色混合一起,分不清哪就是流云哪就是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂得图画旁边,在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,瞧一眼这美丽得黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家得最后一刻再次咀嚼。这就是黄河滩上得一幕。牧羊人不见了,她不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚得,像些胖娃娃.如果走近了,会发现它们那可爱得神情,洁白得牙齿,那丰富而单纯得表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞,还会生出无限得怜悯. Besidethis picture withprofusionsofcolors, a groupof sheep are lowing their heads,eating by the river bank、Hardlynoneof them would sparesometime toraisetheir eyes tohaveaglanceat the beautifuldusk、They are,perhaps,takinguseof every minute toenjoy their last chewbefore being driven home、Thisis a pictureof the Yellow Riv erbank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knowswhere he is resting himself、Only thesheep, however, as free creatures,are joyfully appreciating the dusk、The exuberant waterplantshave nutrited the sheep, making them grow as

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