《娜塔莎》课文原文

《娜塔莎》课文原文
《娜塔莎》课文原文

娜塔莎

[俄国]列夫·托尔斯泰

出生于贵族家庭的娜塔莎,是一个充满浪漫与幻想且又多愁善感的女性。她纯真善良,渴望生活、爱情与幸福,是托尔斯泰笔下一个经典形象。呈现在这里的有三部分,分别选自第二卷第三部第14、16节和第二卷第五部第15节。第一部分是写蛳塔莎第一次参加一位要人家举办的大型舞会前的兴奋、激动与焦急的心情。第二部分是写娜塔莎在盛大舞会上的心理、与安德来公爵相遇开双双在心中埋下爱情的种子。第三部分是写已经许配给安德来的娜塔莎因为孤独与寂寞,受美男子阿那托尔的诱惑而背叛安德来后的心理状态。(编者)

12月31日,1810年元旦的前夜,叶卡切锐娜朝代的一位要人家里举办舞会和夜餐。外交团体和皇帝都要到会的。

在英国码头上,这个要人的有名的宅邸里闪耀着无数的灯火。在铺着红布的、灯火辉煌的大门口站着警察和宪兵,而且还有警察局长和几十个警官。许多马车驶开了,许多新到的马车、穿红号衣的听差和戴花翎帽子的听差又驶来了。从马车里走出了穿军服的、佩星章和勋绶带的男人们;妇女身穿绸缎子与银鼠皮大衣,小心地踏上砰然拉下的脚踏板,急速而又无声地在大门口的红布上走过。

几乎每次在新车子来到时,人群里就发出低语声,并且都脱掉帽子。

“皇帝吗?……不是,大臣……亲王……大使……你没有看见花翎吗?……”人群里有人这么说。人群里的一个人,穿得比其余的人都好,似乎认识所有的人,叫出当时最显要的人的名字。

已经有三分之一的客人来到跳舞会了,而要赴这个跳舞会的罗斯托夫家的人还在忙着准备服装。

罗斯托夫家里对于对这个跳舞会有过许多讨论和准备;有过许多恐惧,怕接不到请帖,怕衣服准备不好,怕一切不能办得合适。

玛丽亚·依格娜姬也芙娜·撇隆斯卡雅要和罗斯托夫家的人一同到跳舞会去,她是伯爵夫人的朋友和亲戚,前朝的一个又瘦又黄的女官,在彼得堡上层社会里领导外省的罗斯托夫家的人。

罗斯托夫家的人要在晚间十点钟到塔夫锐达花园去找女官;这时已经是十时欠五分了,小姐们还没有穿好衣服。

娜塔莎要去赴她平生第一次的大跳舞会。她这天早晨八点钟就起身,整天都在狂热的兴奋和活动中。她的全部精力,从早晨就集中在一点上,就是她们全体,她,妈妈,索尼亚,都要穿得不能再好。索尼亚和伯爵夫人都十分信任她。伯爵夫人要穿降红天鹅绒的衣服,她们俩在粉红色绸套裙上穿白色细纱布衣,胸襟上戴蔷薇花,头发要梳成alagreeque【希腊式】。

一切必要的事情都做好了:脚、手、颈、耳,已经特别仔细地照跳舞会所需要的那样洗过了,搽过香水和香粉了;挑花的丝袜和白缎子的有彩带结的鞋已经穿上了,发装几乎完成了。索尼亚的衣服快要穿好了,伯爵夫人也要穿好了,但替大家帮忙的娜塔莎却落后了。她还坐在镜子前面,瘦肩膀上披在短宽服。索尼亚已经穿好衣裳,站在房当中,用针别紧着最后一条在针下擦响的缎带,把小手指都顶痛了。

“不是那样的,不是那样的,索尼亚!”娜塔莎说,一边转过头去,用双手抓住头发,替她梳头的女仆来不及放手。“彩带结得不好,到这里来。”

索尼亚蹲下了。娜塔莎把缎带改了样式,别上了。

“我说,小姐,这样是不行的。”女仆握着娜塔莎的头发说。

“啊,我的上帝,等一下!这就对了,索尼亚。”

“你们快完了吗?”伯爵夫人的声音说,“马上就是十点了。”

“就好了,就好了。……您准备好了吗,妈妈?”

“只要用针别上帽子了。”

“让我来吧,”娜塔莎大声说:“您不会弄!”

“但已经十点钟了。”

决定是十点半钟到跳舞会的,但娜塔莎还要穿衣服,他们还要到塔夫锐达花园去。

梳装完毕后,娜塔莎穿着从下边露出舞鞋的短裙,披着母亲的短宽服,跑到索尼亚面前,看了她一下,然后跑到母亲面前去了。她转动着母亲的头,用针别好了帽子,刚刚吻到了她的白发,她又跑到替她缩短裙子底边的女仆们面前去了。

耽搁的原因是娜塔莎的裙子,它太长了,两个女仆在缩短裙边,匆忙地咬去线头。第三个用嘴唇和牙齿衔着针,从伯爵夫人面前向索尼亚面前跑着;第四个高举着手拿着薄纱衣。

“马富路莎,快一点,亲爱的!”

“把别针从那里拿给我,小姐。”

“快了吧,行了吧?”伯爵走到门口说,“这是香水。撇隆斯卡雅等得已经很久了。”

“弄好了,小姐。”女仆说,用两个手指举起缩短了的纱衣,在吹掉什么,抖掉什么,用这个动作表示她知道她手中纱衣的轻盈和干净。

娜塔莎开始衣服。

“马上,马上就好了,不要进来,爸爸。”她大声地在遮着脸部的纱裙下边向开门的父亲说。

索尼亚砰然一声关上了门。过了一会儿,她们让伯爵进来了。他穿着蓝色大礼服,长统袜、低口鞋,搽了香水和发油。

“啊,爸爸,你多么好看,漂亮极了!”娜塔莎说,她站在房当中,理着薄纱衣的皱襞。

“请您,小姐,请您,……”女仆说,她跪着,把衣服向下拉着,用舌头把针从嘴的这一边向另一边移动着。

“随你怎么说!”索尼亚看了看娜塔莎的衣服,失望地叫了一声,“随你怎么说,还是太长了!”

娜塔莎走开,照壁镜去了。衣服还是太长了。

“哎呀,小姐,一点也不长。”马富路莎说,跟着小姐在地板上爬着。

“哦,太长了,那么,我来缩一下,一分钟就缩好了,”态度坚决的杜妮亚莎说,从胸前的布巾上拔出一根针,又跪在地板上着手做起来。

这时候伯爵夫人穿了天鹅绒衣服,戴了帽子,难为情地轻轻地走进来。

“唔,我的美女!”伯爵大声说。“比你们都好看!……”

他想要抱她,但她红着脸避开了,免得弄皱了衣服。

“妈妈,帽子还要偏一点,”娜塔莎说。“我来替你重新别一下,”于是她冲上前去,但是在缩短衣边的女仆们来不及放手,衣边的一块纱被撕了下来。

“哎哟哟!这是怎么一回事?凭上帝,这不是我错……”

“不要紧,我来撩一下,不会看得出来。”杜妮亚莎说。

“美女,我的女皇!”从门外走进来的保姆说,“啊,索纽斯卡!美女们啊!……”

十点一刻他们终于上车出发了。

* * * *

终于皇帝在他最后的女舞伴面前站住了(他和三个妇女跳了舞),音乐停止了;一个焦急的副官跑到罗斯托夫家的人面前,请她们再让开一点,尽管她们已经靠在墙边了;接着乐队奏起了清晰的、正确

的、动人的、有节奏的华姿曲。皇帝带着笑容向大厅里望了一下。过了一分钟——还没有人开始跳舞。司仪副官走到别素号娃伯爵夫人面前,邀请她。她微笑地举起手,没有望他,把手放在副官的肩上。司仪副官是个跳舞能手,他紧搂着他的舞伴的腰,自信、从容、平稳地和她开始在圈子的边上跳滑步,然后在大厅的角落抓住她的左手,把她转过来,由于音乐节奏越来越快,只听到副官的疾速的灵活的两腿发出有节奏的鞋刺声,每隔三个拍子,在旋转时,他的舞伴的天鹅绒衣服便飘起来,好像闪光一样。娜塔莎望着他们,几乎要哭了,因为跳第一圈华姿舞的不是她。

安德来公爵穿着骑兵上校的白军服、高统袜、低口鞋,显得活泼愉快,站在圈子里面的行列里,离罗斯托夫家的人不远。非尔号夫男爵对他说起预定在明天举行的国务会议的第一次会议。安德来公爵是一个斯撇然斯基斯基亲近的、参与法规委员会的工作的人,能够说出明天会议的可靠消息,关于这个,正有各种流言在散布。但他没有听非尔号夫对他所说的话,时而望望皇帝,时而望望准备跳舞却没有决心走进圈子里去的人们。

安德来公爵注意着那些在皇帝面前怯场的男人,以及那些因为希望被邀请而焦急的女人。

彼埃尔走到安德来公爵面前,抓住他的手。

“您总是在跳舞。我的protegee【被保护人】,年轻的罗斯托娃来了,您请请她吧,”他说。

“在哪里?”保尔康斯基问。“对不起,”他向男爵说,“这些话我们留在别的地方再说完吧,在舞会上应该跳舞。”他按照彼埃尔给他指出的方向走上前去。娜塔莎那张失望的、焦急的脸映入了安德来公爵的眼帘里。他认出了她,猜中了她的心情,明白了她是初次露面,想起她在窗子上所说的话,于是他带着愉快的脸色朝罗斯托娃伯爵夫人面前走去。

“让我向您介绍我的女儿,”伯爵夫人红着脸说。

“我已经荣幸地认识了,假使伯爵小姐记得我,”安德来公爵恭敬地低低地鞠着躬说,和撇隆斯卡雅说他粗鲁恰恰完全相反,他走到娜塔莎面前,还未说完邀请跳舞的话,就伸出手去搂抱她的腰。他提议跳华姿舞。娜塔莎对于失望和狂喜都有所准备的焦急的面色,忽然明朗起来,露出了快乐、感激、小孩般的笑容。

“我等你好久了,”这个惊惶的、快乐的女孩子,当她把手放到安德烈来公爵的肩上时,似乎是用她那含泪的眼睛里所流露出来的笑容这么说。他们是走进圈子里面去的第二对。

安德来公爵是当时舞会中跳得最好的人之一。娜塔莎也跳得好极了。她那穿缎子舞鞋的小脚,迅速、轻巧、灵活地跳动着,她的脸上现出了幸福的喜色。

她的光脖子和手臂又瘦又不好看。和爱仑的肩膀比起来,她的肩膀是瘦的,胸脯是不明显的,手臂细的;但在爱仑身上,由于受到过上千人的目光的注视,仿佛涂上了一层油彩,而娜塔莎好像是一个第一次袒肩露臂的姑娘,假使不是他们使他相信,这是绝对必要的,她便要觉得这是很可羞的了。

安德烈公爵喜欢跳舞,他希望尽快避免别人同他进行政治性的、理智的谈话,希望尽快突破那种因为皇帝的驾临而形成的令他厌烦的拘束,所以他去跳舞,并且选择了娜塔莎,因为彼埃尔向他指出了她,因为她是他眼中所看到的第一个美女;但他刚刚揽住那个灵活的腰身,她便和他那么靠近地扭起身子,对他那么亲密地微笑了一下,她的魅力之酒使他陶醉了;当他换一口气,放下她,停下步子,开始望别的跳舞的人时,他觉得自己活泼年轻了。

* * * *

索尼亚晚间很迟回来时,来到娜塔莎的房里,令她惊异的是,她发现娜塔莎还没有脱下衣服,睡在沙发上。在旁边的桌上放着一封打开的阿那托尔的信。索尼亚拿了信,开始看信。

她一面看信,一面注视睡着的娜塔莎,在她脸上寻找她所看的这信的说明,却没有找到。她的脸是安静的、温顺的、幸福的。索尼亚抓着胸口,避免气闷,她面色发白了,因为恐惧和兴奋而颤抖着,坐在圈椅上流泪。

“怎么我一点也没有注意到?怎么这件事会弄到这种地步呢?难道她不爱安德来公爵了吗?她怎么会主库拉根这样做?他是骗子,是恶徒,这是很明显的。尼考拉,亲爱的、高贵的尼考拉,知道了这件事,他要怎么办呢?这就是前天、昨天、今天她兴奋的、坚决的、不自然的面色的含义,”索尼亚想,“她爱他,这是不可能的!也许她打开了这封信,不知道是谁寄来的。也许她生气了。她不会做出这种事的!”

索尼亚拭去眼泪;走到娜塔莎那里,又注视着她的脸。

“娜塔莎!”她说得几乎听为见。

娜塔莎醒来,看见了索尼亚。

“啊,回来了?”

然后她带着睡醒时所常有的那种坚决和温柔,抱着她的朋友,但是注意到索尼亚脸上的迷惑神情,娜塔莎的脸上表现了慌张和怀疑。

“索尼亚,你看了信吗?”她说。

“是的。”索尼亚低声说。

娜塔莎狂喜地微笑了一下。

“不,索尼亚,我不能够再这样下去了!”她说。“我不能够瞒你了。你知道,我们彼此相爱!……索尼亚,亲爱的,他写信……索尼亚……”

索尼亚,好像不相信自己的耳朵,睁大了眼睛望着娜塔莎。

“但是,保尔康斯基呢?”她说。

“啊,索尼亚,啊,只要你知道我是多么幸福就好了!”娜塔莎说。“你不知道,爱情是什么样的……”

“但是娜塔莎,难道那一切都完结了吗?”

娜塔莎瞪着大眼睛望着索尼亚,好像不明白她的问题。

“那么你要拒绝安德来公爵了吗?”索尼亚说。

“唉,你什么也不明白,你不要说蠢话,你听。”娜塔莎暂时恼怒地说。

“不,我不能相信这个,”索尼亚说。“我不明白。怎么你整年地爱着一个人,忽然……其实你只看见他三次。娜塔莎,我不相信你,你在说笑话。三天之内忘掉一切,那样……”

“三天,”娜塔莎说。“我觉得,我爱了他一百年了。我觉得在爱他之前,我从来没有爱过任何人。你不会懂得这个的。索尼亚,等一下,坐到这里来,”娜塔莎又抱她又吻她。

“我听说过,这种事是常有的,你当然也听说过,但我直到现在才感受到这种爱情。这不是从前那样的。我一看见他,我就觉得,他是我的主人,我是他的奴隶,并且我不能不爱他。是的,奴隶!他命令人做什么,我便做什么。你不懂得这个。我要怎么办呢?我要怎么办呢,索尼亚?”娜塔莎带着幸福的惊惶的面色说。

“但你要想想看,你在做什么,”索尼亚说。“这件事我不能够让它这样的。这些秘密的信……你怎能让他弄到这个地步?”她带着恐惧和那难以掩饰的憎恶说。

“我向你说过,”娜塔莎回答,“我没有意志了,你怎么不懂得这个:我爱他!”

“这件事我决不让它这样的,我要说的,”索尼亚眼泪迸流,大声地说。

“你是什么意思?为了上帝的原故,假使你要说,你就是我的敌人,”娜塔莎说。“你想要我不幸。你想要我们分裂。”

看到娜塔莎的这样的恐惧,索尼亚为她的朋友流下了羞耻和怜悯的泪。

“但是,你们当中发生了什么?”她问。“他向你说了什么?为什么他不到家里来?”

娜塔莎没有回答她的问题。

“为了上帝的原故,索尼亚,不要告诉任何人,不要折磨我,”娜塔莎请求。“你记着,人不能够干预这类事情的。我向你公开了……”

“但是为什么有这些秘密?为什么他不到家里来?”索尼亚说。“为什么他不直接来向你求婚呢?要知道安德来公爵给了你完全的自由,假使是如此;但我不相信这个。娜塔莎,你想过没有能有些什么样的秘密的原因

.....吗?”

娜塔莎把惊讶的眼睛望着索尼亚。显然,她是第一次遇到这个问题,她不知道怎么回答这个问题。

“是些什么样的原因,我不知道。但一定是有原因的。”

索尼娅叹了口气,不相信地摇摇头。

“假使是有原因……”她开始说。

但是娜塔莎猜中她的怀疑,惊恐地打断了她的话。

“索尼娅,不能够怀疑他的,不能够,不能够,你懂了吗?”她大声说。

“他爱你吗?”

“爱我吗?”娜塔莎对她的朋友的话缺乏了解,带着可怜的笑容重复说,“你看过了信,你看见过他。”

“但是假使他不是高尚的人,怎么办?”

“他!……不是高尚的人?你要知道他是什么样的人,那就好了,”娜塔莎说。

“假使他是高尚的,那么或者他应当说明他的意思,或者不再和你见面;假使你不愿做这件事,我就要做,我写信给他,我告诉爸爸,”索尼娅坚决地说。

“但我没有他便不能生活!”娜塔莎大声说。

“娜塔莎,我不了解你。你在说什么!想想父亲和尼考拉吧。”

“除了他,我什么人也不需要,我什么人也不爱。你怎么敢说他不高尚?你难道不知道我爱他吗?”娜塔莎大声说。

“索尼亚,你去吧,我不想和你争吵,你去吧,为了上帝的原故,你去吧:你知道,我多么苦恼,”娜塔莎用克制的愤怒和失望的声音,生气地说。

索尼亚哭泣跑出房去了。

娜塔莎走到桌前,没有片刻的思索,便给玛丽亚公爵小姐写了她整个早晨写不出来的回信。在这封信中她简短地向玛丽亚公爵小姐说,她们所有的误会都消释了,安德来公爵出国时给了她完全的自由,说她要利用安德来公爵的宽宏大量,她请玛丽亚忘记一切,并且假使她有得罪她的地方,就请她饶恕她,但是她不能做她哥哥的妻子了。这时候,她觉得这一切是那么轻易、简单和明白。

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人教版八年级上册语文《桥之美》教案

人教版八年级上册语文《桥之美》教案 人教版八年级上册语文《桥之美》教案 教学目标: 1、积累词语,流利、有感情地朗诵课文。 2、把握作者喜爱桥的原因,掌握文中的事例。 教学重难点: 体会桥在不同环境中的多种多样的形式和作用;掌握抓住总特征说明事物的方法。 教学方法:朗读法、讨论法、比较阅读法。 教学时间:一课时 教学过程: 一、导入课文,引趣激思 桥梁专家茅以升笔下是桥形式优美、结构坚固、历史悠久。在画家眼里,桥的魅力在哪里?让我们随着画家,对桥之美进行一番新的审视与追寻吧! 作者简介:吴冠中教授,是当代著名的画家,在中国乃至世界画坛都具有极大的影响,他也是出色的美术教育家、散文家。 二、初读课文,整体感知。 1、听课文朗读,初步感知内容 (1)辨清字形,读准加点字字音。 每学一课书之前,老师都让大家对本课的字词做提前预习,下面老师就来检查一下同学们的预习作业准备的怎样。谁来给大家说一说加点的字的读音? 煞风景(一声) 和谐点缀笼统脂粉纤细(首字母为x) (2)词语解释 驻足、史诗、销魂、美感、煞它风景、前瞻后顾、失之毫厘,差之千里

2、学生自由朗读课文,思考以下问题。(多媒体显示问题组) (1)在作者眼中桥美在何处? (2)为了说明桥之美,作者主要举了哪些例子? (3)出示图片,说说你最喜欢的一幅画,并说明你喜欢的理由。 四人小组明确讨论: (1)并不着眼于桥本身的结构设计,而是缘于桥在不同环境中的多种多样的形式作用。( 桥的美而是缘于桥在不同环境中的多种多样的形式作用。这句话我们如何理解,是不是与我们平时说话有些不同,理解起来有些难度,不如我们找些关键词,你觉得这句话的关键词是什么?学生回答,老师明确:将环境、作用这两个词抽出来,可以理解为:在不同的环境中,桥有不同的作用。) (2)举了四个例子:乌镇苇丛上的石桥;江南乡间细柳下石桥;水天间的长桥颐和园的仿卢沟桥、苏州的宝带桥;形式独特的广西、云南、贵州等省山区的风雨桥以及《清明上河图》中的桥、人造索桥,南京长江大桥、钱塘江大桥。 (3)提示:画面的构成是否有块、线、面的搭配;画中的形 象是否都能和周围的景物既形成对照又不失和谐。 三、研读与赏析 1、通过阅读文章,我们不难看出作为画家,作者看桥淡化其结构、种类、公用,更重其美学价值。那么你能用优美的语言描绘文中你最欣赏的一幅画吗? 教师示范:乌镇石桥:厚厚实实的平面铺开的苇丛使空间显得狭窄拥挤,令人产生憋闷感;间或出现的石桥轮廓简单鲜明,能使空间陡然显得疏朗开阔,令人觉得神清气爽。 2、学生认真阅读文字,想想文章对几座桥是怎样描述的,请同学们小组交流,用最美的语言来描述。 学生如果有困难,教师可以降低要求:用桥之美,美在桥处在__环境中,它给我的感受是__ 的句式说话。 四、美句赏析 1、(过渡)吴冠中以他画家的真知灼见,不但告知了我们如何用美学的眼光来重新审视事物,而且他还用蕴涵丰富的语言引起我们强烈的感情上的共鸣。 (1)找出意蕴丰富的语句,反复朗读,体味句子的情味。

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