中考英语语法精讲精练:第十章_主谓一致

中考英语语法精讲精练:第十章_主谓一致
中考英语语法精讲精练:第十章_主谓一致

第十章:主谓一致

主谓一致三原则

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。

1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。例如:Tom is a good student 汤姆是个好学生。

They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。

Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。

3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.

不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。

There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。

典型练习:

1.Neither he nor I ___ for the plan.

A. were

B. is

C. are

D. am

2. There ___ a knife and fork on the table.

A. are

B. is

C. am

D. be

经典解析:以上两题属于就近一致,就近一致主要包括:neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . . , not only. . . but also. . . 连接并列主语及there be 句型. 答案为:1. D 2. B以here,there 开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致,本题离谓语近的是a knife是单数.

3. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you.

A. was

B. is

C. are D am

4. My father, together with some of his old friends, ___ there already.

A. will be

B. had been

C. has been

D. have been

5. The pair of shoes ___ worn out.

A. had been

B. have been

C. were

D. was

经典解析:当主语中含有介词短语时,介词后面为宾语,谓语与介词前面的主语的形式一致,答案为:3. C,这里的主语是my family, as well as 后的I 虽是主格但是宾语, 这里的family 表达的意义为:家庭成员,故用复数. 4. C, 这里的主语是my father, 介词with 后面的some of his old friends是宾语, my father 是第三人称单数. 5. D, 这里的主语是The pair, 介词of 后的shoes是宾语,the pair属第三人称单数.

6. There are two roads and either ___ to the station.

A. is leading

B. are leading

C. lead

D. leads

7. Nine plus three ___ twelve.

A. are making

B. is making

C. make

D. makes

8. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover.

A. seem to be

B. is

C. are

D. were

9. Very few ___ his address in the town.

A. has known

B. are knowing

C. know

D. knows

10. Our family ___ a happy one.

A. are

B. was

C. are

D. is

11. Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers.

A. will be

B. are

C. is

D. was

12. A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting.

A. had been

B. were

C. is

D. was

13. A professor and writer ______ present at the meeting.

A. had been

B. were

C. are

D. was

14. The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words.

A. is

B. had

C. were

D. was

15. The Greens_________ having breakfast when the accident happened.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

16. The poor _____ very pity, they should be helped by the rich.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. be

17. Doing eye exercises often _____ your eyes brighter.

A. make

B. makes

C. is

D. keep

18. Doing sports and giving up smoking ______ you healthy.

A. make

B. makes

C. is

D. keeps

经典解析:以上各题均属于意义一致原则,答案为:

6. D,either意义为:两者中任何一个做主语属于第三人称单数;

7. D, 两个数加\减\乘\除的结果均为一个数因此意义上属于单数.

8. B, 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。

9. C,这里的主语very few代表的是很少的人后面省略了people,意义上是复数.

10. D, 这里的主语family表一个家庭的整体概念,应为单数意义.

11. B, population虽然是不可数名词,但表示某地人口的百分之几时不可用单数谓语.

12. B, 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。本题主语A professor and a writer就是指两个人一个教授,一个作家表复数概念.

13. D,由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。本题主语A professor and writer就是指一个人,一个既是教授又是作家的人表单数概念.

14. C,本题主语The whole class这里表示整个班级的学生应为复数形式.

15. D,the+姓氏的复数形式,表示一家人时,谓语动词用复数形式,

16. B, the+形容词,表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;

17. B, 主语Doing eye exercises 是一件事,属单数主语;

18. A, 主语Doing sports and giving up smoking 是两件事,属复数主语.

19. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ___ from the countryside in our school.

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. are

20. Those who ___ singing may join us.

A. is fond

B. is seeming to be

C. seem to be

D. seems to be

经典解析:定语从句的谓语形式应取决于先行词, 答案为

19. D,先行词为students

20. C,先行词为those复数.

21. The number of students in our school ______ 3000 and a number of them ______from countrysides. A. is , is B. are , are C. are, is D. is, are

经典解析: a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。答案为:21. D

22. Maths is very popular in my class.

A. is

B. are

C. been

D. be

经典解析: 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths, physics等,答案为:22. A

23._____ everybody here today?

A.Is

B. Are

C. Am

D. Was

经典解析: 不定代词somebody, someone, something ,anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数,答案为:A.

人教版初中英语初中英语语法之一名词(通用版)

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初中英语中主谓一致详解

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初中英语语法主谓一致

初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020

I.单数主语: 1.当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时,谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2.当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前,谓语动词用单数。(必记之要点!) ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3.位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数,谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有:in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. (这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。) ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II.复数主语: 1.当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接,通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.

2020中考英语语法丨主谓一致

2020中考英语语法丨主谓一致 主谓一致的概念 主谓一致是指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配: 语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则。 “主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定式作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词的一致等。 一.名词作主语 1.某些集体名词,如family,team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式。比如:His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。 The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看电视。 这类名词有audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。名词population一词的使用情况类似。

“a group(crowd) of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数,前者强调整体,后者强调各个部分。 2.某些集体名词,如people,police,cattle等,只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。 The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那个贼。 3.单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。比如: A sheep is over there.那边有只羊。 Some sheep are over there.那边有些羊。 4.名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等,作主语时,动词一般用单数。比如: The doctor’s is across the street.诊所在街道的对面。 My uncle’s is not far from here.我叔叔家离这儿不远。 常见的省略名词有the baker’s,the barber’s,the carpenter’s,the Zhang’s等。 表示店铺的名词,一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。比如: Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.理查德店有很多货物要卖。

初中英语语法精讲精练

David

一名词的分类: 1.名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 二,名词变复数: 2 名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如: "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如: sports meeting 运动会students reading-room 学生阅览室talks table 谈判桌the foreign languages department 外语系2)man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 例如:men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如: goods train (货车)arms produce武器生产customs papers 海关文件clothes brush 衣刷4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如: two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划

l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解

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1

Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面, 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词, 尽管后面跟有 with,together with,except,but,like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides,including 等引起的短语, playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数, 谓语用复数形式。 She,like you and Tom,is very tall. Mr. Green , together with his wife and children,has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either,neither,each,every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some,any,no,every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中,关系代词 that,who, hard. which 等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体, 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注:people,police,cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2

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