高考专题复习之非谓语动词和独立主格结构

高考专题复习之非谓语动词和独立主格结构
高考专题复习之非谓语动词和独立主格结构

高考专题复习

非谓语动词和独立主格结构

1.(08北京)____ thatshewas goingoffto sleep,I asked ifs【典例精析】?

he'd like that littledoll on her bed. ?A.SeeingB.Tosee C. See D. Seen?【解题】A非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用在句首,中间与句子用逗号分开,表示伴随情况,用作伴随状语,因此用现在分词。?2.(08全国卷I)I like gettingupvery early in summer.The morning air is so good____.

A. tobe breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed?【解题】B在主系表结构中,当表语形容词为good,light, heavy, difficult等时,其后常用不定式作状语,表示时间,原因,结果等,且常用主动形式表示被动意义,因此选B。此处为特殊情况。

3.(08北京)----Did the book give the information you needed??----Yes. But ____ it,I had to read theentire book. ? A. to find B.find C.to befindin g D. finding?【解题】A 非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开,作状语。根据句意:为了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本书的内容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的状语,且此处不表示动作正在进09湖南)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easi 行,因此用一般式,选A。?4

.(

er for it.

A. reusing?

B. reused ?C. reuses?D. tobe reused

【解析】D考查动词不定时的用法。句意为:现在人们有时把他们的废物分开,以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作,而且是被动的。故选D。

5.(09江西)_________the right kindof training, these teenage soccer players may one day grew the internationalstars.

A.Giving B. Having given C. Togive D. Given

【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出:If they are giventhe right kind of t raining , 可知主语they 即these teenagersoccer players与give 之间是被动的关系,所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则,连词if 也可省,所以得出given the right ki nd oftraining ,these teenager soccerplayers……

6.(09江西)Thegovernment plansto bringin new laws_____parents totake more responsibility forthe education of their children.

A.forced B. forcing C.tobe forcedD. having forced

【解析】B 考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰new laws ,相当于which forces ……...

7.(09海南)The childrenallturned_____thefamousactress assheentered the cl assroom.

A. looked at ?B.to look at C. to lookingat D. look at

【解析】B。句意为:当那位著名的女演员走进了教室,所有的孩子都转过头去看她。

turn to 表示“转向,求助”的意思。

8.(09海南) Nowthat we’ve discussedout problem, are peoplehappywith thedecis ions?

A.taking ?

B.take

C. taken

D. to take

【解析】C。考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为:现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定?take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动

9.(09山东)We are invited to a party _________inour club nextFriday.

A. to be held

B. held

C. beingheld D. holding 【解析】A考查非谓语动词的用法,由next month可知时间是在将来,party是被举行,故选A。

10(09陕西)Istill remember to the Famen Temple and what Isawthere.A. to take B.tobe taken C. taking D. being ta ken

【解析】D考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语,而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时,可以用v-ing形式,v-ing表示的动作已经完成,也可用动词不定式,表示的动作还未发生,根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成,且与逻辑主语是被动关系,用v-ing的被动式,选D。

11.(09福建) not tomiss the flight at15:20,themanagerset out forthe airp ortin ahurry.

A. Reminding B. Reminded ?C. To remind D. Havingreminded

【解析】B 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语themanager,非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系,且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生,非谓语动词用过去分词,选B。

12.(09福建)In April,2009,PresidentHuinspected thewarshipsin Qingd ao,the 60th anniversary of thefounding ofthe PLA Navy.

A.marking

B. marked

C. having markedD.being ma

rked

【解析】A考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,其后有宾语,故与逻辑主语是主动关系,且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行,用现在分词,选A。

13.(09湖南)Whenhethe door, hefound his keys were nowhere. ?A.would open?B.opened C. had opened ?D. was to open

【解析】D 考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为:当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。

14.(09湖南)9.At theageof 29,Davewas aworker,in a small apartmentnear B oston and______ what to doabouthis future.

A. living; wondering ?B.lived; wondering

C. lived; wondered ??D. living; wondered

【解析】A 考查分词的用法。句意为:29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker,and为并列连词,连接相同的成份。

【专题突破】依据非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以采用非谓语动词和独立主格结构的“五步骤”做题法;即非谓语动词的“五步骤”做题法:1.牢记核心意义;2.分析句子成分;3.寻找逻辑主语;4.了解时间关系;5.分析特殊情况。独立主格结构的“五步骤”:1. 认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念;2.认清独立主格结构的来源,理解独立主格结构的功能;3. 从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别;4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能;5. 熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型,全面掌握独立主格结构。当然并非每道题都要全面考虑以上"五步骤" 有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。我相信,只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析,就可以练就一双火眼金睛,那么,再难的考查非谓语动词和独立主格结构的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。

1. Idon’tknow whether you happen____ it, but I’m going to study in theU.S.A. this September.

A.to be heard B.tobe hearing C. tohear D. to havehea rd

2._____and out ofbreath, wereached the top of themountain and stopped _____the beautiful scenery.

A. Tiring; to admire B.Being tired;admiring

C.Tired;to admire D.Tired;admiring

3. Don’tleavethe water____ while youbrush your teeth.

A. run B.running C. being run D. torun

4. He looked around andcaught a man _____ hishand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put

B. tobeput C. to put D.putting

5._____ thediamond,he had to lookfor a place tohide it.

A.Having stolen B.Having been stolen C.Stolen D.Stealing

6. Toanswercorrectlyismore important than _____.

A. that you finish quickly B.finishing quickly

C. tofinish quickly D.finishquickly

7. You will see this product made inthis factory _____ wherever you go.

A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising

8. The monument was built in honorof the explorer whowas believed_____ the river.

A. to havediscoveredB.to have been discovered

C. to discover D. having beendiscovered

9.—— Have you considered _____ yourjobas a teacher?

——Yes. I likethe jobbecause a teacher isoften considered _____ a gardener.

A.to change;to be

B. to change;being

C. changing; being

D. changing; tobe 10.Mr. Green issaid _____an experimenttoprove the new method of solving the problem whenyoung.

A.todo B. to have done C.to be doing D.tohavebee ndoing

11.Seeing the soldiers well_____ forthe flood-fight,the general nodded with satisfaction.

A.prepare B. preparing C.preparedD.havingprepared

12.The murder was broughtin, withhishands ___behind hisback。

A. being tied

B.havingtiedC. to betied D.tied?13.Weather___,we'll goout for a walk.

A.permitted B permittingCpermits D for permitting?14.The speech ______a lively discussionstarted.?A.being delivered

B. was delivered

C.bedelivered D. having beendelivered

15.______, a manwhoexpresses himself effectivelyis sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

A.Other thingsbeingequal B.Were other things equal

C.To be equal to other things D.Otherthings to be equal

16.Allthings ______, the planned tripwill havetobe called off.

A.considered B.beconsideredC.considering D.havingconsidere

参考答案:

1.【解析】D happento have done sth 为不定式的完成时,表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.

2.【解析】C tiredandout of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stoptodo sth.停下来去做另外一件事

3.【解析】B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。

4.【解析】D catch sb doingsth表示发觉或当场捉住sb在做一件事情。

5.【解析】A从动作发生的时间来看,应是先偷钻石,再找地方藏匿,故用-ing形式的完成式。

6.【解析】C题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。7.【解析】B advertise意为“为……登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product; adverti sed作宾语补足语。

8.【解析】A用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。

9.【解析】D consider 作“考虑”解时,后常接-ing形式(短语)作宾语;作“认为”解时,后常接含有名词、形容词或tobe的复合结构。

10【解析】B由when young可知此处应该用不定式的完成式,表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。

11.【解析】C由固定短语be(well)prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。

12.【解析】D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.13.【解析】B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。

由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。?14.【解析】D 句意:演讲完后,开始了热烈的讨论。把握前后主语不一致,动作发生在之前,故选答案为D.?

15.【解析】A 句意:在其它条件相同的情况下,表达好的人肯定要比语言能力差的人更快地取得成功,前后的主语不一致,故选答案A.?16.【解析】A考虑了方方面面之后,原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了,前后主语不一致,故答案为A。

【学法导航】非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是高考中的必考项目。独立主格结构相对来说考查较少,但经常放在with复合结构中考查;同学们要想掌握他们的用法,轻松备战高考,快速准确地解题,不妨牢记非谓语动词和独立主格结构基本、特殊用法以及解题“五步骤”,具体内容如下:?一.非谓语动词“五步骤”

1.牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够,动词ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完

2.分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。?3.寻找逻辑主语,把握,前后主语一致性和主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。?4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。

5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。

二.独立主格结构的“五步骤”

1.认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念。

最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构,它的作用相当于状语。

2.认清独立主格结构的来源,理解独立主格结构的功能。

我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。

3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。

分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同,分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语,独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。

4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。

要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时,应注意:要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子,当复合句或并列句的主语一致时,适合改成分词作状语;当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时,适合改成独立主格结构作状语。

5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型,全面掌握独立主格结构。

有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时,应注意:原句中含有be动词时,一律改成being形式, being 后面为非名词时being 可忽略。

独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外,还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构,即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构,可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。

【专题综合】1. ____their hats into the air,thefans of the winningteam letout loud shoutsofvictory.

A.To throw

B. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being throwing?2.____in the fields on a Marchafternoon,he could feel thewarmthof spring.

A. To walkB.Walking C.Walked D. Having walked

3. Ihear they'vepromoted Tom, but he didn'tmention____whenwetalked on thephone.

A. to promote B.having beenpromoted

C.having promoted D. tobe promoted?4.The messageisvery im portant, so it issupposed ____ assoon aspossible.

A. to be sent

B.to send

C. being sent

D. sending

5. ____ aroundthe Water Cube, we wrethen taken to see the Bird's Nest for the2008Olympic Games.

A.Havingshown

B. To be shown C.Having beenshown D.toshow?6.Wehad an anxiouscouple of weeks ____for the resultsof theexperiment

A. wait

B. tobe waiting

C.waited

D. waiting?7. ____ to reachthem on the phone,wesent an email instead. ?A.Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Havingfailed

8.Itis one of the funniestthings____ on theInternet so farthis year.

A. finding

B. being found

C. to find

D. found

9.____ in the queue for half anhour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.?A.Waiting B.To wait C. Having waited D.To h

avewaited?

10.----Can those____at the backof the classroom hear me??-----Noprobl

11.He was busy wem.?A.seat B.sit C.seated D. sat?

riting a story, only_____once in a whileto smoke a cigarette.

A. to stop B.stopping C. tohave stopped D. having stopped

12.Please remain______;the winner of theprize will be announcedsoon.

A.seating B.seatedC.to seat D.to be seated

13.----they arequiet, aren'tthey?

----yes. They are accustomed ______at meal. ?A. to talk B.tonottalk C. to talki ng D. to nottalking

14.To learnEnglishwell,we should find opportunitiestohear English______as much aswe can. ?A.speak B.speaking C.spoken D. to s

15. Lucy'snew job paid twiceas much as she had made _____intherestaupeak?

rant.

A.working B.work C. to work D. worked?61.The soldier fell asleep ________.

A.withthe candle burning B.burningthe candle ?C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle

17.________, the Tiananmen Square looksmore beautiful.

A.Beingon

B.When beingon

C.With all thelights on D.When itturns on all the lights

18.____thenotice, he had an idea.?A.When he waswatching B.WatchingC.When watching D.all the above

19.______the notice, an ideacameto his mind.?A.Whenhe was watching B.Watching C.When watchingD.all the above

参考答案:1-5 CBBAC6-10 DDDCC11-15BBDCA16-19ACDA

(完整版)非谓语动词和独立主格

非谓语动词 非谓语动词: 1.动词不定式【to+动词原型】 2.动名词【动词+ing】 3.(现在、过去)分词 四个要点: 1.一个句子中有多个动词时,其中一个是谓语,其他全部是非谓语。 2.主动ing,被动ed,要做去做todo 3.如果非谓语是主语做的,前面什么都不用加;如果非谓语不是主语做的,谁做的,加谁。 4.非谓语就是从句的简化。 举例: Jack唱着歌回家。 Singing a song,Jack went home Jack受伤了回家。 Injured,Jack went home Rose受伤了,Jack哭了。 Rose injured,Jack cried Rose笑了,Jack笑了。 Rose smiling,Jack smiled. 独立主格结构 独立主格结构就是给非谓语动词加上逻辑主语 独立主格结构基本构成形式: 名词(代词)+现在分词;过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语) 独立主格结构的特点: 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语,相当于一个状语从句。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 这里分形式具体举例,以便熟悉知识点。 1.名词(代词)+现在分词 Time permitting, I will go with you 时间允许的话,我就和你一起走。 2.名词(代词)+过去分词 The work done, he went back home. 工作完成后,他回家了。 3.名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上

高考英语非谓语动词常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)

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