2020高考英语语法专题精讲精练-时态
语法专题四：时态1. 现在时(Present tenses)
巩固练习：
1. I’ve won a holiday for two days to Florida. I my mum.
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. take
D.
will have taken
2. Because farmland ______quickly, the government is considering solving the problem.
A. is being lost
B. is lost
C. is losing
D. loses
3. John and I ______ friends for 8 years. We first got
to know each other at a party. But we______ each other
a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have been
B. have been; have been
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
4. Dad will come to see me when I ______ the training
course.
A. will have finished
B. will finish
C. are
finishing D. finish
5. ---Did he notice you enter the room?
---I don’t think so. He ______ to the radio with his
eyes shut.
A. listened
B. was listening
C. has
listened D. had listened
6. We ______ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know
their names.
A. don’t meet
B. won’t meet
C. haven’t met
D. hadn’t met
7. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ______
at the garage.
A. will be repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being
repaired D. be repaired
8. ---______ leave at the end of the month.
---I don’t think you should do that until ______
another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found
B. I’m going to;
you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find
D. I’ll; you’
d find
9. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math
problem until he ______ on it for an hour.
A. has been working
B. will have worked
C. will
have been working D. had worked
10. The father as well as his three children ______
skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon
in winter.
A. is going
B. go
C. goes
D.
are going
11.I ______ in London for many years, but I’ve never
regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived
B. was living
C. have lived
D. had lived
12. This machine ______. It hasn’t worked for years.
A. didn’t work
B. wasn’t working
C. doesn’
t work D. isn’t working
13. My friend, who ______ on the IOC all his life, is
retiring next month.
A. served
B. is serving
C. had served
D. has served
14. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026______
off at 18:20.
A. takes
B. took
C. will be taken
D. has taken
15. ---I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
---Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been
arrested and ______ now.
A. has been questioned
B. is being
questioned
C. is questioning
D. has questioned
16. So far it is the best crosstalk I ______.
A. heard
B. have heard
C. will hear
D. had heard
17. ---I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00
tomorrow.
---I’m sorry, but by then my lecture will have ended
and I ______ my guests in my office.
A. is being met
B. will meet
C. will be meeting
D. will have met
18. ---Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
---I am tired. I ______ the living room all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been
painting D. have painted
19. With the development of science, more new
technology ______ to the field of IT.
A. has introduced
B. is being introduced
C.
is introduced D. was introduced
20. The two friends ______ on line for three hours, and
they will go on.
A. had been chatting
B. had chatted
C. were
chatting D. ha ve been chatting
21. ---Let’s see if the baseball game has started yet.
---Started? It must be clear who ______ by now.
A. is winning
B. wins
C. has won
D.
would win
22. ---What’s the matter, Jane? You look sad.
---Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ______
of my friends back home.
A. was just thinking
B. just thought
C. have
just been thinking D. have just thought
23. He will have learned English for 8 years by the time
he ______ from university.
A. will graduate
B. will have graduated
C.
graduates D. is to graduate
24. There was a knock at the door. It was the second
time that someone ______ me that evening.
A. to have interrupted
B. would have interrupted
C. had interrupted
D. to interrupt
25. --- Do you know our town at all? --- No, this
is the first time I here.
A. was
B. am going
C. came
D. have been
2. 过去时(Past tenses)
时态结构与用法
一般过去时结构：did/be(was/were)
用法：1. 表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与yesterday, last night,
a moment ago, the next day等过去的具
体时间状语连用。
2. 表示过去习惯性动作，可用used to / would + do结构。
3. 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表示过去的将来。
4. 用于虚拟语气中：1）用于if条件从
句中，表示对现在、将来的虚拟；2）
在wish / as if / if only / would
rather / It is time等+从句中，表
示对现在或将来的虚拟。
5. 表示刚才或过去不知，现在或说话时
已知
过去进结构：be(was/were) + doing
巩固练习：
1. Thousands of people took part in the work when the
dam ______.
A. was built
B. built
C. was being built
D. would be built
2. Mr. James ______ a city bus for 20 years. Now he has retired.
A. was driving
B. drove
C. has driven
D. had driven
3. We ______ that you would be able to visit us, but
you didn’t.
A. expected
B. expect
C. had expected
D. were expecting
4. Rose ______ a book about China last month, but I don’
t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
5. Joan could be a very attractive girl, but she ______
no attention to her clothes.
A. pays
B. paid
C. was paying
D. had paid
6. They should have finished the job before noon, but
they ______.
A. don’t
B. didn’t
C. won’t
D.
haven’t
7. Wouldn’t it be better if we ______ a car?
A. bought
B. have bought
C. buy
D.
could buy
8. ---Your phone number again, please. I ______ quite
catch it.
---It’s 9586440.
A. didn’t
B. couldn’t
C. don’t
D.
can’t
9. When I was at college, I _____ 3 foreign languages,
but I all except a few words for each.
A. spoke; had forgotten
B. spoke; have forgotten
C. had spoken; had forgotten
D. had spoken;
have forgotten
10. ---We could have walked to the station. It was so near.
---Yes. A taxi ______ at all necessary.
A. wasn’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’
t be D. isn’t
11.The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk, right under
my nose.
A. think; lost
B. thought; had lost
C. think; had lost
D. thought; have lost
12. ---What do you think of my suggestion?
---I am sorry. I ______ about something else.
A. thought
B. was thinking
C. am thinking
D. had thought
13. I arrived late. I ______ the road to be so crowded.
A. wouldn’t expect
B. haven’t expected
C.
hadn’t expected D. didn’t expected
14. When Mary dropped in, I ______ for a while and ______
some reading.
A. was playing; was going to do
B. played; did
C. had played; was going to do
D. had played;
did
15. ---I am sure you met Alice at the party last week.
---I don’t remember her. What ______ she ______?
A. was; wearing
B. had; worn
C. did; wear
D. would; wear
16. ---Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?
---Of course. What is it?
---I ______ if you could tell me how to fill out the
form.
A. had wondered
B. was wondering
C. would
wonder D. did wonder
17. John spent $3,000 more than he ______ for the
wedding.
A. will plan
B. has planned
C. would
plan D. had planned
18. I ______ along the street looking for a place to
park when the accident ______.
A. went; was occurring
B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred
D. was going; had
occurred
19. The water ______ cool when I jumped into the pool
for morning exercise.
A. was felt
B. is felt
C. felt
D.
feels
20. They _____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.
A. had got
B. got
C. have got
D.
get
21. ---If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could
have been back by 6 o’clock.
---What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you.
A. is
B. was
C. would be
D. has
been
22. Before the first non-stop flight in 1949, it ______
necessary for all planes to land for refuel.
A. woul d be
B. have been
C. had been
D. would have been
23. --- I will come back tomorrow.
--- If only you ______ yesterday.
A. have come
B. had come
C. came
D. would come
24. The crazy fans ______ for two hours, and they would
wait till the movie star arrived.
A. were waiting
B. had been waiting
C. had
waited D. would wait
25. No sooner _____ themselves in their seats in the theatre ______ the curtain went up.
A. they have settled; before
B. had they settled; than
C. have they settled; when
D. they had settled; than
26. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this
open sea, which the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called
B. is called
C. had been
called D. has been called
3. 将来时(Future tenses)
巩固练习：
1. I don’t know if he ______. If he ______, I’ll let you know.
A. will come; comes
B. comes; will come
C. comes; comes
D. will come; will come
2. She ______ law the moment she has finished mid-school.
A. is to study
B. is about to study
C. will be studying
D. will have studied
3. I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I
______ it.
A. finished
B. am going to finish
C. will
finish D. have finished
4. In such dry weather, the plants will have to be
watered if they ______.
A. have survived
B. are to survive
C. would
survive D. will survive
5. By the time you get to the airport, she ______ for
New Zealand.
A. would be leaving
B. has left
C. is
leaving D. will have left
6. It ______ long before we ______ the result of the
experiment.
A. won’t be; will know
B. is; will know
C. won’
t be; know D. is; know
7. ---Did you tell Julia about the result?
---Oh, no, I ___ _. I ______ call her now.
A. forget; will
B. forgot; will
C. forget;
am to D. forgot; am to
8. We had to be patient because it ______ some time
before we got the full result.
A. would be
B. was
C. has been
D. had been
9. If I call again in an hour, do you think your boss
______?
A. had arrived
B. has arrived
C. will have
arrived D. will be arriving
10. If a man ______ succeed, he must work as hard as
he can.
A. will
B. is to
C. is going to
D. should
11. By this time next year he ______ from this college.
A. will be graduating
B. should be graduating
C. will have graduated
D. is graduating
12. If city noises _______ from increasing, people
_______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table
20 years from now.
A. are not kept; will have to
B. are not kept; have to
C. do not keep; will have to
D. do not keep; have to
13. By the time he retires, Professor Li _______ for almost 40 years.
A. will teach
B. has taught
C. will have taught
D. will be teaching
14. His letter said, “I _______ on the 7th of October”.
A. was arriving
B. would arrive
C. will be arriving
D. am arriving
15. Look at the clouds. _______.
A. It’ll rain
B. It’s going to rain
C. It’ll be raining
D. It is to rain
16. ---The visitor invited has just arrived, sir.
---Really? I didn’t think he ______ until next week.
A. is coming
B. was coming
C. has come
D. had come
17. All but one ______ take part in the conference
______ tomorrow.
A. is going to；which is to hold
B. are going
to；which is about to be held
C. is going to；which is to be held
D. are
going to；which is to be held
18. The old couple ______ take a walk around after
supper.
A. will
B. should
C. could
D.
need
19. The door . Better have it repaired.
A. isn’t shut
B. hasn’t been shut
C. won’
t be shut D. won’t shut
20. ---Jack, why didn’t you come the day before yesterday?
---I , but I had a trouble.
A. had
B. would
C. was going to
D.
did
21. Let’s keep to the point or we any decision.
A. will never reach
B. have never reached
C. never reach
D. never reached
22. ---You’ve left the light on.
---Oh, so I have. and turn it off.
A. I’ll go
B. I’ve gone
C. I go
D. I’m going
23. At this time tomorrow over the Atlantic.
A. we’re going to fly
B. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll fly
D. we’re to fly
24. The women carrying babies, come in first, ?
A. will you
B. will they
C. do you
D. don’t you
25. He ______ when it began to rain.
A. was leaving
B. was to leave
C. left
D.
was about to leave
26. Ladies and gentleman, please fasten your seat belts.
The plane .
A. takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken off
D. took off
27. In a room above the store, where a party ,
some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held
B. has been held
C. will be held
D. is being held
高中英语语法倒装句讲解与练习含答案
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C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
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一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.360docs.net/doc/9417449146.html,rmations https://www.360docs.net/doc/9417449146.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
最高考2016届高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点
实用标准文案 文档大全专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点 近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1 情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will 和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
高中英语---特殊句式全面讲解及练习
高中英语语法讲义第二讲——特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sc ientist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He d idn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after the war did he learn the sad news. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect.
高中英语语法讲解与练习名词
二、名词 一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。 1)dog, boy, car, book, window, day 2)class, team, family, police 3)water, tea, milk, coffee, meat, gold 4)friendship, health, beauty, time 其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。 The football team is playing well.这个足球队踢得好。 The football team are having baths and are coming back for tea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。 The family is a happy one.这是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are very pleased about the good news.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。Xiao Ming is a Chinese. 小名是个中国人。 The Chinese are brave and smart. 中国人很勇敢智慧。 二、难点：名词的复数 The thief’s wife killed a wolf with a knife and a leaf.
不规则变化： man→men男人woman→women女人 foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙 goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠 ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童 单复数同形： deer，sheep，fish， Chinese，Japanese, yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars, pounds） 只用复数的词： trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物 glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people 人 有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸文件、试卷、报 重要提示： 1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。 例句：牛在天上飞。 Ox is flying in the sky. × An ox is flying in the sky.√ Oxen are flying in the sky.√ 2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。 如：三米长three-meter-long 如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。 例：Amy is a seven-year-old girl. Amy是个7岁的小女孩。 三、不可数名词 不可数名词不能被a, an, many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如： a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice一条建议 a piece of paper 一张纸 四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语 ①只修饰可数名词单数的 如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，many a等。 I don’t like this book, give me another one.我不喜欢这本书, 请另外给我一本。Neither shoe feels comfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚] 一天一个苹果, 医生不上门(比喻不生病)。 ②只修饰可数名词复数的 如these，those，few，many，a great number of，both，several及二以上的数词等。There are a few apples on the table. 桌子上有几个苹果。 There are few apples on the table. 桌子上几乎没苹果。 Were there many peopl e at the meeting? 有很多人到会吗?
2021届高考英语语法一轮复习精讲精练名词性从句之高考真题精选(3)
名词性从句之高考真题精选（3） 1. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue. A. which B. where C. how D. what 2. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do__________ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 4. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one 5. I want to be liked and loved for __________I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how 6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize silly mistakes I had made. A. what B. that C. how D. which 7. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out _________it is he is trying to express. A. that B. how C. who D. what 8. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not good enough. A. where B. how C. what D. which 9. The how to book can be of help to ________wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 10. Could I speak to ________is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 11. __________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. whichever 12. _______fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which 13. Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where
高考英语语法专题精讲精练-定语从句
语法专题一：定语从句 1. 定语从句的几个基本概念： 1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。 2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。 3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。 作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。 作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语：指物，用that, which引导，可省略； 指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。 注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。 作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。 4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦 可用介词+which替代。 所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。 5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。 (1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。 (3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。 (4) as为关系代词，“正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。 注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。 2. 一些特殊用法： 1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况： (1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰时； (2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时； (3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时； (4) 先行词既有人又有物时； (5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。 2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况： (1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时； (2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时； (3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。 3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况： (1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个 句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象” 之意，而which则没有此意； (2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在“so / as…as”结构中，表示“那样…… 以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句； (3) 在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that 结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。
高中英语语法专题精讲精练-动名词解析
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
大学英语语法直播课第二讲
简单句 谓语动词的变化-时态 So Charles was ahead of the game there, too. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) The marketers are also seeing big opportunities. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。(CET 4, 2014.12,Translation) The bamboo-eating animals are facing a lot of threats. … the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come… (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) But the Internet ’ s tremendous impact has only ju st begun. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) The royal environmentalist has been promoting radical ideas for most of his adult life. （CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) 谓语动词的变化-情态- 3 - …we can reduce urbanization ’s impact on the environment. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 谓语动词的变化-语态 They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) 谓语动词的变化-否定 Governments don ’ t need informers any more. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) Sports cannot explain these similarities in performance. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section B) 谓语动词的变化-综合 The urbanization wave can ’ t be stopped … (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。(CET 6, 2014.06,Translation) The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new edition of Oxford English Dictionary. 主语宾语表语的变化 名词作主语 Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section A) That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. (CET 6, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 1) doing作主语 Finding ways to improve the lives of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. (CET 4, 2014.12, Reading Comprehension, Section C, Passage 2) to do作主语