(英语)英语语法填空专项习题及答案解析

（英语）英语语法填空专项习题及答案解析

一、语法填空

1．Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Phone-surfing Results in More Purchases

Leaving your mobile phone at home when you go shopping could prevent mindless overspending, a new study suggests. Research from the University of Bath discovered that when people are distracted by their mobiles during a trip to the supermarket their shopping bills ________ rise by an average of 41 per cent. Attention-weakening devices also encourage shoppers to wander along more shelves, ________they come across more products.

In one study, 294 people aged between 18 and 73 at four Swedish supermarkets wore eye-tracking glasses throughout a shopping trip to measure where they went and ________they looked at. Their receipts were then used ________(assess) their spending. Those using a mobile phone spent on average ￡33.73 compared to an average of ￡23.91 for those who did not.

A second study of 117 shoppers found those with mobile phones spent longer in the store, ________(give) more attention to shelves. They also spent an average of ￡36. This study found shoppers using a mobile phone spent on average ￡36.16 on 20.85 items, compared to ￡25.59 on 13.22 products.

Dr Carl-Philip Ahlbom, of the University of Bath's School of Management said: "Business owners have tended to worry that mobiles distract shoppers from spending money, ________we were amazed to find completely the reverse effect." The findings were very clear - the more time you spend on your phone, the more money you'll part ________.

"So if you're trying to budget, ________(leave) your phone in your pocket. It's not the phone ________that causes more purchases, but its impact on our focus." Researchers believe people spend more because using a phone distracts people from their ________(plan) lists.

【答案】can/may/might；where；what；to assess；having given/giving；but；with；leave；itself；planned

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现手机上网会导致更多的购买行为。

（1）考查情态动词。句意：巴斯大学的研究发现，当人们在超市购物时被手机分心时，他们的购物账单平均会（可能）上涨41%。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据句意可知此处表示“会、可能”，故填 can/may/might。

（2）考查定语从句。句意：削弱注意力的设备也鼓励购物者在更多的货架之间走来走去，在那里他们会遇到更多的产品。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词shelves 并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。

（3）考查宾语从句。句意：在一项研究中，瑞典四家超市的294名年龄在18岁至73岁之间的人在整个购物过程中都戴着眼睛跟踪眼镜，以测量他们去了哪里，看了什么。此处为宾语从句，从句中的looked at缺少宾语，故填what。

（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：然后他们的收据被用来评估他们的支出。sth.be used to do 表示“某物被用来做……”，故填to assess。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句意：第二项针对117名购物者的研究发现，那些拥有手机的人在商店里呆的时间更长，对货架的关注度更高。“关注货架”这一动作既可理解为与“呆在商店里”同时发生，也可理解为先于“呆在商店里”，所以既可用现在分词的一般式也可用现在分词的完成式作状语，故填having given/giving。

（6）考查连词。句意：企业主往往担心手机会分散购物者花钱的注意力，但我们惊奇地发现完全相反的效果。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。

（7）考查介词。句意：你在手机上花的时间越多，你花的钱就越多。part with固定短语“舍得、交出”，故填with。

（8）考查祈使句。句意：所以如果你想谨慎花钱的话，把手机放在口袋里。此处为祈使句，用动词原形，故填leave。

（9）考查代词。句意：不是手机本身导致了更多的购买行为，而是它对我们的注意力的影响。根据“the phone”可知此处指“它本身”，故填itself。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员认为，人们之所以花钱更多，是因为使用手机会分散人们对计划清单的注意力。lists与plan之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填planned。

【点评】本题考点涉及情态动词，定语从句，宾语从句，非谓语动词，连词，介词，祈使句以及代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

2．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Mid-Autumn Day is a very important traditional festival in China. It takes its name from the fact that it ________(celebrate) in the middle of the autumn season. The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the ________ (eight) lunar month. The day is known as the Moon Festival, as at that time of the year the moon is at its roundest and ________(bright). It is an evening celebration in ________ families gather together and eat moon cakes. Besides, ________(make) the house more beautiful, people will hang red lanterns in front of it. On that day, people look back on the past and look forward to the future together. Children will play with their own ________(toy) and enjoy themselves.

The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations date back ________ more than 2,000 years. The word "Mid-Autumn" first ________(appear) in the famous ancient book Zhou Li. However, it was not until the early Tang Dynasty that people celebrated the day as a traditional festival. It became an ________(official) established festival during the Song Dynasty, and has become as popular as the Spring Festival since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Celebrations have continued ever since and more customs for ________(mark) this occasion have been formed.

【答案】is celebrated；eighth；brightest；which；to make；toys；to；appeared；officially；marking

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中秋节。说明了中秋节的时间、节日活动以及节日的历史。

（1）考查时态语态。句意：它的名字来源于它是在秋季中期举行的庆祝活动。本句中主

语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时。主语为it，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is celebrated。

（2）考查数词。句意：中秋节在农历八月十五。中秋节是在农历的“第八个”月份，故应用序数词“第八”eighth。故填eighth。

（3）考查形容词。句意：这一天被称为中秋节，因为在一年的这个时候，月亮是最圆最亮的。根据上文roundest and可知应填形容词最高级，表示“最亮的”，故填brightest。（4）考查定语从句。句意：这是一个晚上的庆祝活动，家人聚在一起吃月饼。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词an evening celebration，且做介词in的宾语，指“庆祝”活动应用关系代词which。故填which。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，为了使房子更漂亮，人们会在房子前面挂红灯笼。本句中make做非谓语动词，表目的应用不定式。故填to make。

（6）考查名词。句意：孩子们会玩自己的玩具，玩得很开心。toy为可数名词，根据上文their可知玩具不止一个应用复数形式。故填toys。

（7）考查介词。句意：中秋节的庆祝活动可以追溯到2000多年前。date back to固定短语，“追溯到”，故填to。

（8）考查时态。句意：“中秋”一词最早出现在著名的古籍《周礼》中。此处描述“中秋”一词最早出现，应用一般过去时。故填appeared。

（9）考查副词。句意：它在宋朝成为正式确立的节日，自明清以来就和春节一样流行。修饰动词establish应用副词，故填officially。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，庆祝活动一直在继续，并形成了更多纪念这一时刻的习俗。for为介词后跟动名词作宾语，故填marking。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，数词，形容词，定语从句，非谓语动词，名词，介词，副词，非谓语动词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

3．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As Alison Gopnik described in her recent book, there are two kinds of parents in modern America: The Carpenter and the Gardener. The "carpenter" thinks that his or her child can________(shape). "The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills and read the right books, you're going to be able to turn your child ________a particular kind of adult，" she said

The "gardener", however is seldom concerned about ________ (control) what the child will become and instead provides a protected space ________explore). The style is all about:" creating a rich, nutritious but also variable, diverse, active ecosystem".

Gopnik, a psychology and philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley, said." Many parents are carpenters, and ________is really necessary for them to bring up their children." She spent decades researching children's development and finally ________(find) that parents often focused too much on what their children would be as adults. The harm is that parents and their children may become________ (anxiety), tense or unhappy.

"We're so concerned about our children ________ we think have difficulty mastering their own future that we're unwilling to allow them to ________ (free) explore the world." she says. The truth is that the ________ (little) that parents worry about outcomes, the better their children may live in life.

【答案】be shaped；into；controlling；to explore；it；found；anxious；who/that；freely；less

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了现代美国存在的木匠型父母和园丁型父母的特点。

（1）考查语态。句意:“木匠型”父母认为他或她的孩子可以被塑造。可知，此处主语与动词之间为被动关系，又因为空前有情态动词can.。故填be shaped。

（2）考查介词。句意: “木匠型”父母认为他或她的孩子可以被塑造。turn .. into...固定短语，“将......变成......”，故填into。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意: 然而，“园丁型”父母很少关心孩子会变成什么样，而是提供一个受保护的探索空间。此处用所给词的动名词作介词about的宾语。故填controlling。（4）考查非谓语动词。句意: 然而，“园丁型”父母很少关心孩子会变成什么样，而是提供一个受保护的探索空间。此处用所给词的动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词space。故填to explore。

（5）考查代词。句意: 很多父母都是“木匠型”父母，对他们来说，把孩子抚养成人是非常必要的。此处为It's十形容词十for sb十to do sth”的结枸，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……”,在该句中是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填it。

（6）考查时态。句意: 她花了几十年的时间研究孩子的发展，最后发现父母往往过于关注孩子成年后的状况。根据并列连词and及前句中的谓语动词spent可知，此处用所给动词的一般过去式。故填found。

（7）考查形容词。句意: 危害在于父母和他们的孩子可能会感到焦虑，紧张或不快乐。此处用所给词的形容词作become的表语。故填anxious。

（8）考查定语从句。句意: 我们非常关心我们的孩子，我们认为他们很难掌握自己的未来，我们不愿意让他们自由探索世界。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语(we think是插入语)且先行词是our children，故此处用关系代词who/that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。

（9）考查副词。句意: 我们非常关心我们的孩子，我们认为他们很难掌握自己的未来，我们不愿意让他们自由探索世界。此处用所给词的副词修饰动词explore。故填freely。（10）考查形容词。句意: 事实是，父母越不担心结果，他们的孩子可能生活得越好。根据句意“事实是，父母对结果的担心越少，他们的孩子的生活就越好”可知，此处用所给形容词的比较级,且枸成“the十比较级,the十比较级”的结枸。故填less。

【点评】本题考点涉及语态，介词，非谓语动词，代词，时态，形容词，定语从句，副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

4．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since ________ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans ________(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found ________(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in ________(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, ________(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________ the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.

【答案】the；have found；its；environmental；smaller；effects；casually；from；which；compared

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中，研究人员估计，美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。（1）考查冠词。句意：自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first可知此处用冠词the。故填the。

（2）考查时态。句意：人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从句要用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知，主语是humans，故谓语动词为have found。故填have found。

（3）考查代词。句意：它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way是名词，此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。

（4）考查形容词。句意：在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词science and technology（科学与技术）。故填environmental。

（5）考查形容词。句意：美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒，这些微粒的长度小于5毫米，再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。根据than可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填smaller。（6）考查名词。句意：尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the health 是主语的一部分，可知此处用名词作主语，且谓语动词是are，故用可数名词复数，填effects。

（7）考查副词。句意：但研究人员强调，人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填casually。

（8）考查介词。句意：最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from，固定短语，“来自”。故填from。

（9）考查定语从句。句意：瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知，先行词为drinking bottled water，指物，且作in的宾语，故此处填which。故填which。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍多。分析句子可知，the bottle itself与compare在逻辑上是被动关系。故填compared。

【点评】本题考点涉及冠词，时态，代词，形容词，名词，介词，副词，定语从句以及非谓语动词的等多个知识点的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础

上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

5．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When an important holiday comes, I usually think of what gifts to buy or prepare for my family members. It is the act itself rather than the thing you buy that ________(matter). Either a small present, a text message or a phone call can mean a lot to the receivers. ________, I had never got anything from my son, who is a university student. Parents never forget to celebrate their children's birthday, but their children seem to be very ________ (forget). They seldom do something in return.

Life is unpredictable, and you never know what will happen tomorrow. When my son came back during the summer vacation, my wife and I, as usual, ________ (meet) him at the station. On arriving home, much ________ my surprise, my son took out a wrist watch and gave it to me, ________ (say) it was a birthday gift for me. It is a very fashionable watch, ________ shows not only hours, minutes and seconds but days as well. You can imagine how surprised and excited I was at that moment.

Some people say children get too much care and love from their parents and just take them for granted. It is natural for people to have such concerns and ________(worry), but things may not turn out as badly as________ (expect). We need to look more at the positive side of life, as a famous writer once said, "Life is ________best classroom one can never get."

【答案】 matters；However；forgetful；met；to；saying；which；worries；expected；the 【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文讲述父母常常记得儿女的生日，而儿女很少记得父母的生日。但作者的儿子给他意外的惊喜。

（1）句意：重要的是你买礼物这个行动本身而不是你买的东西。强调主语the act itself应为第三人称，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填matters。

（2）句意：然而，我从没收到任何来自我身为一个大学生的儿子的礼物。根据下文Parents never forget to celebrate their children's birthday父母从来不会忘记庆祝他们孩子的生日，They seldom do something in return.他们几乎不会做任何事情回报父母。故此处表示转折，用however，然而。句首首字母要大写。故填However。

（3）句意：父母从来不会忘记庆祝他们孩子的生日，但孩子们似乎非常健忘。very为副词，应修饰形容词，forgetful健忘的。故填forgetful。

（4）句意：当儿子暑假回来，通常，妻子和我到车站去接他。根据前文when my son came back，可知此处应用一般过去时，故填met。

（5）句意：一回到家，令我很惊讶的是，他拿出了一个腕表给我，说它是我的生日礼物。to one's surprise为固定搭配，故填to。

（6）句意：一回到家，令我很惊讶的是，他拿出了一个腕表给我，说它是我的生日礼物。say这个动作伴随着给我腕表这个动作的发生，做伴随状语，用现在分词saying，故填saying。

（7）句意：它是一款非常时尚的手表，不仅显示时、分、秒，也显示日期。shows not only hours, minutes and seconds but days as well.是非限定定语从句，修饰watch，指

物，连词用which，故填which。

（8）句意：对于人们来说有这样的关注和担心很正常，但事情并非我们所预料的那样糟。and连接两个并列成分，前后要一致，concerns是名词复数，worry用复数形式worries。故填worries。

（9）句意：对于人们来说有这样的关注和担心很正常，但事情并非我们所预料的那样糟。as expected为固定短语，正如希望的那样，故填expected。

（10）句意：生命是一个人永远无法得到最好的课堂。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级，故填the。

【点评】考查动词时态、副词用法、形容词、固定搭配、非谓语动词、名词单复数以及冠词。先通读全文，理解文章大意。再细读文章，分析句子成分及含义逐一作答，最后再读文章，修正错误。

6．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I remember well the first time I saw Dr. Homes. He had invited Miss Sullivan and me________(call)on him one day.

It was early in the spring, just after I had learned to speak. We________(show)at once to his library where we found him seated in a big armchair by an open fire. There was a smell of print and leather in the room________told me that it was full of books, and I stretched out my hand________(gentle) to find them. My fingers lighted upon a beautiful series ________Tennyson's poems, and when Miss Sullivan told me________it was I began to recite.

But I________(stop) suddenly. I felt tears on my hand. I had made my ________ (love) poet weep, and I felt a deep________(sad). He then made me sit in his armchair,________(bring) me different interesting things for me to examine, and at his request I recited other my favorite poems. After that I saw Dr. Holmes many times and learned to love the man as well as the poet.【答案】to call；were shown；which/that；gently；of；what；stopped；loved/beloved；sadness；bringing

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，节选自海伦凯勒的自传小说《假如给我三天光明》。作者讲述了自己很清楚地记得第一次见到奥利佛·温代尔·霍尔姆斯博士时的情景。（1）考查非谓语动词。句意:他邀请我和苏立文小姐去他家做客。invite somebody to do something,固定短语，“邀请某人做......”动词不定式做宾语补足语,故填to call。

（2）考查时态语态。句意:我们立刻被人领到了他的图书馆,他坐在图书馆里的大扶手椅上,靠着壁炉。句子的主语:We,所以是被别人领着,应该用被动语态,作者回忆已经发生过的事情,所以时态用过去式,故填were shown。

（3）考查定语从句。句意:房子里面有一股油墨和皮革的味道,这里显然到处都是书。后面的定语从句修饰先行词smell,指物,关系代词在从句中做主语,故填which/that。

（4）考查副词。句意:于是我轻轻地伸手摸索起来。副词修饰动词"stretched out",所以填gentle的副词形式,故填gently。

（5）考查介词。句意:我的指尖无意中落在了Tennyson的一套诗集上。a series of,固定短语“一套”故填of。

（6）考查宾语从句。句意:当Miss Sullivan把诗集的名字告诉我以后,我就开始背诵。动词

told后跟宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少was的表语,诗集叫什么？故填what。

（7）考查时态。句意:突然间,我停止了背诵。作者回忆已经发生过的事情,时态应为一般过去式,故填stopped。

（8）考查形容词。句意:我已经使我所钟爱的诗人落泪。形容词修饰名词poet,所以填love 的形容词形式,故填loved/beloved。

（9）考查名词。句意:我也感到了巨大的忧伤。冠词和形容词都提示应该填名词,所以要填sad的名词形式,故填sadness。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意:他让我坐在他的扶手椅上,同时,他还拿出了很多有趣的东西让我查验。he与bring在逻辑上是主动关系,所以应该用bring现在分词做伴随状语。故填bringing。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，时态语态，定语从句，副词，介词，宾语从句，名词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

7．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或摘号内单词的正确形式。

Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class________March 1st on movable type. This is________ ancient Chinese printing system.

The West Lake Primary School in Zhejiang Province introduced the course at the beginning of this new term. So far, the school________(invite) an expert in Chinese characters culture to the campus,________major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology. Students attend lectures on the history of movable type along with ________(interest) classes on typesetting and printing. They then print their own document, ________(apply) the knowledge they've learned. One student printed her________(new) written essay "Whether the traditional red envelopes kids receive belong to them or their parents?"________(know) as one of the four great inventions of ancient China, movable type printing ________(invent) by Bi Sheng in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty, and it is the world's first system of movable type printing.

The school said the course is aimed at improving the students' awareness of Chinese characters and their ________(appreciate) of Chinese culture.

【答案】on；an；has invited；whose；interesting；applying；newly；Known；was invented；appreciation

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了他们的第一节活字课的情况。该校表示,这门课程旨在提高学生的汉字意识和对中国文化的欣赏。

（1）考查介词。句意：3月1日,杭州一所小学的学生上了他们的第一节活字课。根据下文March 1st可知在具体的某一天应用介词on，故填on。

（2）考查冠词。句意：这是一个古老的中国印刷系统。system为可数名词,此处表示泛指,且ancient为元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an，填an。

（3）考查时态。句意：到目前为止,学校已经邀请了一位汉字文化专家,他的主要职责是教学生如何使用古代的印刷技术。根据上文So far可知应用现在完成时,且主语为单数名词,故

填has invited。

（4）考查定语从句。句意：到目前为止,学校已经邀请了一位汉字文化专家,他的主要职责是教学生如何使用古代的印刷技术。本句为定语从句修饰先行词an expert,且先行词在从句中做定语,故填关系代词whose。

（5）考查形容词。句意：学生们参加有关活字历史的讲座,以及有关排字和印刷的有趣课程。classes为名词,指物需要-ing结尾形容词修饰,故填interesting。

（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：然后他们将所学的知识打印成自己的文档。apply做非谓语动词与逻辑主语they构成主动关系,故用现在分词，填applying。

（7）考查副词。句意：一名学生打印了她新写的论文《孩子们收到的传统红包是自己的还是父母的?》。修饰形容词written应用副词,故填newly。

（8）考查非谓语动词。句意: 活字印刷术被称为中国古代四大发明之一,活字印刷术是毕升在10世纪40年代宋朝时发明的,是世界上最早的活字印刷系统。本句中know做非谓语动词与逻辑主语movable type printing构成被动,故用过去分词，填Known。

（9）考查时态语态。句意: 活字印刷术被称为中国古代四大发明之一,活字印刷术是毕升在10世纪40年代宋朝时发明的,是世界上最早的活字印刷系统。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且根据下文in the 1040s during the Song Dynasty可知应用一般过去时,故填was invented。

（10）考查名词。句意：该校表示,这门课程旨在提高学生的汉字意识和对中国文化的欣赏。根据上文their为形容词性物主代词修饰名词,故填appreciation。

【点评】本题考点涉及介词，冠词，时态，定语从句，形容词，非谓语动词，副词，语态以及名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

8．语法填空

Your teeth may be part of your smile, ________ they have a more important job-they are the first step in the process of digestion. You have three ________(kind) of teeth. In the very front of your mouth are eight flat, thin teeth called incisors. They are used for cutting and biting food. Next to these are pointed teeth called canines, ________ also help you tear food. The remaining teeth are molars. These teeth have flat tops for crushing and grinding the food.

【答案】 but；kinds；which

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了牙齿的三个种类和功能。

（1）考查连词。句意：你的牙齿可能是你笑容的一部分，但是他们有一个更重要的工作：它们是消化过程的第一步。空格处前后为两个完整的句子，所以要填一个连词连接这两个句子，根据句意，前后为转折关系，故填but。

（2）考查名词。句意：你有三种牙齿。kind在这里表"种类"，是可数名词，由three修饰，所以要用其复数形式。故填 kinds。

（3）考查定语从句。句意：这些牙齿旁边是犬齿，这些犬齿也可以帮助你撕裂食物。分析句子可知，空格处所在的句子为定语从句，先行词为canines, 指物。关系词在从句中做

主语。所以要用which引导这个非限定性定语从句，故填which。

【点评】本题考点涉及连词，名词，定语从句等知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

9．After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed ________ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?

The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. ________ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, ________ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.

________ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design ________ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put ________: "You can't develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention."

In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.

【答案】 if / when；To stretch；remaining；failing；What；which / that；it；instead of；are repeated；Until / Unless

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，只有先学会如何失败，才能真正成功，作者用这个道理告诉美国的医疗保健部门只有学会积极面对失败，医疗事故的情况才会好转。（1）考查状语从句。句意：但矛盾的是，我们的孩子只有先学会如何失败，才能真正成功。根据句意可知此处既可以用if引导条件状语从句，表示"如果……"，也可用when引导时间状语从句，表示"当……的时候"，故填if / when。

（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：为了突破自己的局限，他们一直在努力。根据句意可知此处表示目的，应该用不定式做目的状语，故填To stretch。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：他们总是尝试他们已经做得很容易的动作，保持在他们的舒适区内。They与remain之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词做状语，故填remaining。

（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：在实践中从不失败会阻碍他们进步。分析句子结构可知，此处用动名词做主语，故填failing。

（5）考查主语从句。句意：生活中的情况和滑冰的情况是一样的。此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填What。

（6）考查定语从句。句意：詹姆斯·戴森为最新款的吸尘器设计了5126个原型，然后才想出了这个让他大赚一笔的设计。此处为定语从句，先行词为design，指物，关系词在从句中做主语，故填which / that。

（7）考查代词。句意：正如戴森所说的：除非你测试新想法，并在事情出错时学习，否则你不会开发出新技术，失败是发明的基础。as someone puts it固定句式。"正如某人所说"表示。put it"表达......"故填it。

（8）考查介词短语。句意：结果是，医疗保健往往掩盖失败，而不是从失败中吸取教训。根据句意可知此处表示"而不是"，故填instead of。

（9）考查时态语态。句意：其直接后果是一再地犯同样的错误。陈述的是客观事实，mistakes 与repeat之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are repeated。（10）考查连词。句意：除非医疗保健学会积极面对失败，否则情况不会好转（直到医疗保健学会积极面对失败，情况才会好转）。根据句意可知此处表示"除非"或"直到"，故填Until / Unless。

【点评】本题考点涉及状语从句，非谓语动词，主语从句，定语从句，代词，介词短语，时态语态以及连词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

10．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内的单词的正确形式。 The Duanwu Festival, known as the Dragon Boat Festival, ________ (found) in memory of Qu Yuan, ________ was a scholar and minister of the state of Chu during the Warring States period (475-221BC). The festival date is on the ________ (five) day of May on the Chinese lunar calendar. Traditional celebrations of the Dragon Boat Festival include ________ (eat) zongzi, drinking wine and racing dragon boats. You don't have to live in China long to know the ________ (country) most popular foods with good stories behind them. That's ________ (particular) true of zongzi, which have been connected ________ the Dragon Boat Festival for more than a thousand years.

Zongzi, rice dumplings wrapped in ________ (leaf), remain with us today as the traditional way ________ (celebrate) the Dragon Boat Festival. In general, northern Chinese prefer sweet versions of these steamed treats while southerners like ________ (salt) tastes. In the north, some zongzi are plain, to be dipped into sugar. In the south, however, creative locals over centuries have added ham chestnuts and mushrooms into zongzi.

【答案】was founded；who；fifth；eating；country's；particularly；with；leaves；to

celebrate；salty

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了端午节的来历和传统。

（1）考查时态语态。句意：端午节是为了纪念屈原而设立的。主语“The Duanwu Festival”承受“found”的动作，句子应该使用被动语态，设立端午节的事情发生在过去，时态为一般过去时。故填was founded。

（2）考查定语从句。句意：屈原是战国时期楚国的学者和大臣。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是QuYuan，在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。

（3）考查数词。句意：端午节是在中国农历五月份的第五天。此处需填入序数词表示端午节的日期，five的序数词是fifth。故填fifth。

（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：端午节的传统庆祝活动包括吃粽子，饮酒和赛龙舟。include是及物动词，动名词在其后作宾语。故填eating。

（5）考查名词。句意：您不必在中国居住很久就可以了解这个国家最受欢迎的食物以及它们背后的经典故事。根据句意，表示“这个国家的食物”，应该使用名词的所有格形式。故填country's。

（6）考查副词。句意：对于粽子来说尤其如此，它与端午节的故事已有千余年的历史了。副词修饰形容词true作状语。故填particularly。

（7）考查介词。句意：对于粽子来说尤其如此，它与端午节的故事已有千余年的历史了。be connected with固定短语，“与……有关”，故填with。

（8）考查名词。句意：粽子，是将糯米由粽叶包裹。leaf是粽叶，此处为可数名词，应使用复数形式。故填leaves。

（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：今天吃粽子仍然是我们庆祝端午节的传统方式。the way to do sth固定短语，“做.......的方式”，故填to celebrate。

（10）考查形容词。句意：大体上说，北方人更喜欢带有甜味的粽子而南方人喜欢咸味的粽子。形容词修饰tastes作定语。故填salty。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，定语从句，数词，非谓语动词，名词，副词，介词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

11．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I don't photograph wild animals very often, ________ wild horses are an exception. I first learned about Alberta's wild horses 20 years ago. Ever since, I had wanted to see and photograph them. A friend of mine, who also loves wild horses, ________ (hear) about my wish in March 2017, and I was fortunate enough to be able to accompany him to see the wild horses in the Williams Creek area of Alberta. It was ________ unique experience.

We spent a day there ________ our first visit and have been back to the same area three more times since then. Once we were so lucky to see more than 100 horses there. I managed to capture a great shot of a pony ________ (run) and jumping for the sheer joy of it, ________ I felt

so proud of. The pony was having such fun all by ________ (he) while the rest of his herd grazed peacefully.

Having been out with the horses several times now, I hope to visit them again—as often as possible! They're magnificent and ________ (true) nurture my soul. I'm so thankful for the privilege of having the opportunity to spend time with them. These horses are born wild and free, and deserve always ________ (remain) so. ________(photograph) like me quite value the chance to get close to the wild horses.

【答案】 but；heard；a；on；running；which；himself；truly；to remain；Photographers 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者拍摄野马的独特经历。

（1）考查连词。句意：我不经常拍摄野生动物，但野马是个例外。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。

（2）考查时态。句意：我的一个朋友也喜欢野马，他在2017年3月听说了我的愿望。根据时间状语“in March 2017”可知事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填heard。

（3）考查冠词。句意：这是一次独特的经历。experience当“经历”讲时是可数名词，此处用不定冠词表泛指，unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。

（4）考查介词。句意：我们第一次去的时候在那里待了一天，之后又去了三次。spend time on sth固定短语，“在某物/事上花时间”，故填on。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句意：我成功地捕捉到了一匹小马奔跑和跳跃撒欢的精彩镜头，我为此感到骄傲。pony与run之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，此处与后面的jumping并列用现在分词作后置定语，故填running。

（6）考查定语从句。句意：我成功地捕捉到了一匹小马奔跑和跳跃撒欢的精彩镜头，我为此感到骄傲。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语，故填which。

（7）考查代词。句意：小马自己玩得很开心，而其他的马则安静地吃草。all by oneself固定短语，“自己、单独”，故填himself。

（8）考查副词。句意：它们是伟大的，真正滋养了我的灵魂。修饰动词nurture用副词，故填truly。

（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：这些马生来就野性十足，自由自在，它们理应永远如此。deserve to do固定短语，“理应做、做……理所应当”，主语和动词是主动关系，故填to remain。

（10）考查名词。句意：像我这样的摄影师非常珍惜接近野马的机会。根据空后的“like me”可知此处用表示身份的名词作主语，photographer表示“摄影师”，是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填Photographers。

【点评】本题考点涉及连词，时态，介词，非谓语动词，定语从句，代词，副词以及名词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

12．阅读下面材料.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many people take the idea of saving money very seriously. Back in 1924, in Italy, a group of people________ (think) the inability to resist spending a major social problem. They had the idea

of starting a day to remind people to put away some money for a rainy day. This is how World Saving Day, held on Oct 31st ________(annual), was started, and it's still going strong in 2019.

Not surprisingly, a movement ________(target) the poor was started. People in the underdeveloped world are more open ________ calls to be careful with money. But ________ idea of being thrifty (节俭)has also become popular among the rich. Take Mark Zuckerberg for example. The Facebook founder, one of the world's ________(rich) people, doesn't spend very much money on himself.

Other people don't spend money because they don't like the culture of ________(consume). This is connected to the view ________ we should make ourselves happy through the activities we take part in, rather than with what we buy.

But however we view money moderate ________ (spend) is certainly a good idea when we are still too young to get a job. There is a British saying that offers some good advice in this situation: "Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after ________(they)."

【答案】thought；annually；targeting；to；the；richest；consumption；that；spending；themselves

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，如今人们对待金钱的看法，许多人非常认真地对待存钱的想法，节俭的观念也在富人中流行起来。就此作者建议太年轻找不到工作的时候应当适度消费。

（1）考查时态。句意：早在1924年，在意大利，一群人认为无力抵制消费是一个重大的社会问题。结合上文in 1924可知应用一般过去时。故填thought。

（2）考查副词。句意：每年10月31日举行的世界储蓄日就是这样开始的，2019年仍将保持强劲势头。修饰动词hold应用副词。故填annually。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：毫不奇怪，一场针对穷人的运动开始了。分析句子结构可知target在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语movement构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填targeting。

（4）考查介词。句意：欠发达国家的人们更愿意接受小心花钱的呼吁。be open to固定短语，“愿意接受……的”。故填to。

（5）考查冠词。句意：但节俭的观念也在富人中流行起来。idea为可数名词，此处特指“节俭的观念”，应用定冠词。故填the。

（6）考查形容词。句意：这位Facebook的创始人，世界上最富有的人之一，并没有在自己身上花很多钱。结合句意表示“世界上最富有的人之一”应用形容词最高级。故填richest。

（7）考查名词。句意：其他人不花钱是因为他们不喜欢消费文化。of为介词，后跟名词做宾语，表示“消费”，故填consumption。

（8）考查同位语从句。句意：这与这样一种观点有关:我们应该通过参与活动而不是通过买东西来让自己快乐。本句为同位语从句修饰先行词view，且从句中不缺少成分应用that。故填that。

（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：但无论我们如何看待金钱，在我们还太年轻找不到工作的时候，适度的消费肯定是一个好主意。moderate为形容词修饰名词，表示“消费”，此处使用动名词。故填spending。

（10）考查代词。句意：在这种情况下，英国有句谚语提供了一些很好的建议:“积少成多”谚语Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after themselves.“积少成多”，此处指代主语pounds，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态，副词，非谓语动词，介词，冠词，形容词，名词，同位语从句以及代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

13．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Situated in Beijing's Shichahai scenic area, CAVE looks no different from any ________ cafe in the city on the outside, ________ people stepping in for a cup of coffee will find it interesting inside. Some customers are holding and touching hedgehogs (刺猬) ________ (gentle) in their palms.

In recent years, an increasing number of animal themed cafes ________ (gain) huge popularity among China's city dwellers. With this ________ (rise) trend, a bunch of eateries making money out of housing unique animals such as hedgehogs has sprung up.

In Beijing alone, there are several cafes or restaurants like CAVE. There is a Japanese pub, ________ has three raccoons (浣熊) and a cafe where customers can take ________ (photo) with about 30 huskies (哈士奇).

CAVE, which is a also the city's first hedgehog themed cafe now has seven hedgehogs kept in cages in a room ________ (separate) from the dining area. If customers want to play with the hedgehogs, they need to put ________ thick gloves and the waiters will bring them out and put them onto the customers' hands.

"I think hedgehogs are a very good idea. It's original and interesting," said Serhii Melnyk, a tourist from Poland who ________ (stop) by the café to grab an Americano and was attracted to the animal.

【答案】other；but；gently；have gained；rising；which；photos；separate/separated；on；stopped

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。随着以动物为主题的咖啡馆的兴起，不少咖啡馆引入不太常见的动物供顾客参观或者玩耍，以此来吸引消费者。位于北京什刹海的CAVE是该市第一家动物主题的咖啡馆，咖啡馆里养着七只刺猬，顾客可以戴着厚厚的手套和它们玩耍。

（1）考查代词。此处考查固定表达any other+名词单数其它任何……，故填other。

（2）考查连词。联系句意“CAVE和城市里其它任何咖啡店看起来没什么不一样，但是去和咖啡的人会发现它里面很有趣”可知前后句为转折关系，故填but。

（3）考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词touching，故填gently。

（4）考查时态。分析句子可知此处是谓语动词，根据in recent years(近几年)判断为现在完成时，主语cafes是复数，故填have gained。

（5）考查形容词。此处应填形容词修饰名词tread“趋势/风尚”，rising trend“新兴的风尚”，故填rising。

（6）考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句的关系词，指物的先行词pub“酒吧”在从句____6____ has three raccoons (浣熊)中充当主语，应该用关系代词，故填which。

（7）考查名词。此处考查短语take photos拍照，故填photos。

（8）考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是填非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语room）和separate之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词，填separated；又separate可以作为形容词，故此处还可理解为形容词作后置定语，故填separated/separate。

（9）考查介词。put on固定短语，“穿上”，故填on。

（10）考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据前文的said判断为一般过去时，stop by固定短语，“顺便看望/顺便拜访”，故填stopped。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词，连词，副词，时态，形容词，定语从句，名词，非谓语动词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

14．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. When he ________(ask) why he was able to succeed, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with ________ mother when he was about two years old. "I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling (溢出) the milk all over the floor-a sea of milk! I got ________ (frighten) and I didn't know what to do!" he said.

Instead of ________(punish) him, his mother asked him to play in the milk for a while. Then she said, " You know, we failed in how to ________(successful) carry a big milk bottle with two tiny ________(hand) just now. Let's go out in the yard and fill the bottle ________ water to see if you can discover a way to carry it."

This famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he ________(know) he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes ________ were actually opportunities for learning something new. Even if the experiment "doesn't work", we usually learn something ________(value) from it

【答案】was asked；his；frightened；punishing；successfully；hands；with；knew；which/that；valuable

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一位著名科学家和大家分享了他成功的一个小故事：小时候，有一次他把牛奶洒在了地板上。母亲非但没有批评他，反而让他玩了一会儿。通过这次经历，科学家明白了一个道理：犯错其实是学习新东西的机会。即使实验"不成功"，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。

（1）考查时态语态。句意：当他被问到为什么他能够成功的时候，他给出了答案。主语he和ask之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态。且根据主语中的gave可知，该句应用一般过去时态。故填was asked。

（2）考查代词。根据下文他的讲述内容可知，他谈论的是自己的妈妈对自己的影响。且该空修饰名词mother，应用形容词性物主代词。故填his。

（3）考查形容词。句意：我很害怕，我不知道该做些什么。get是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。且此处表示人的情绪，应用frightened。故填frightened。

（4）考查非谓语动词。该空作介词of的宾语，应用动名词，故填punishing。

（5）考查副词。句意：刚才我们没能成功地用两只小手拎起一个大牛奶瓶。该空修饰动词carry，应用副词。故填successfully。

（6）考查名词。空前有two修饰，应用名词复数。故填hands。

（7）考查介词。句意：我们到院子里去，把瓶子装满水，看看你能不能想个办法把它搬过来。该题考查fill sth. with sth.，固定短语，"用……装满……"，故填with。

（8）考查时态。句意：这位著名的科学家接着说，就在那一刻，他知道他不需要害怕犯错，错误其实是学习新东西的机会。该空在句中作谓语，且根据上下文可知，这是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填knew。

（9）考查定语从句。"_______ were actually opportunities for learning something new"是定语从句，修饰mistakes，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。故填which/that。

（10）考查形容词。句意：我们通常从中学到一些有价值的东西。该空修饰不定代词，应用形容词，故填valuable。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，代词，形容词，非谓语动词，副词，名词，介词以及定语从句等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

15．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Kiwis are endangered little birds native to New Zealand. It ________ (believe) that these small birds exist as a result of New Zealand's isolation (隔离)from the other parts of the world, forcing animals there ________ (adapt)and evolve (进化)so as to be able to survive and reproduce. The evolution is what has led to the present________(appear) of the kiwi bird.

Kiwis are a national symbol of New Zealand, with the name kiwi ________(be) associated with many things in New Zealand including their famous rugby national team.

Kiwis have excellent memories and can remember something that ________(happen) as long as five years back. Even though they have feathers, their feathers look and feel ________ (much) like hair rather than feathers.

This enables them to be able to hide in a bush and go ________ (complete) unnoticed by their natural enemies.

Unlike most birds, the kiwi bird has a great sense of smell ________ enables them to sniff out prey (猎物)hidden in bushes and underground.

The smallest kiwi bird has ________ height of 45 centimeters and wight of 2 kilograms while the largest kiwi can grow________ 50 centimeters tall and can weigh 3.5 kilograms.

【答案】is believed；to adapt；appearance；being；happened；more；completely；that/which；a；to

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几维鸟的相关信息。

（1）考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：人们认为，这些小鸟的存在是新西兰与世界其他地方隔绝的结果。此处是陈述种客观事实，故应该使用一般现在时；It is believed that... “据人们认为……”，因此填一般现在时的被动语态。故填is believed。

（2）考查非谓语动词。句意：迫使那里的动物适应和进化，以便能够生存和繁殖。force...to do sth.固定短语，“强迫……做某事”，故填to adapt。

（3）考查名词。句意：这种进化导致了几维鸟的出现。present在句中为形容词，因此应该填入所给形容词的名词形式。故填appearance。

（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：几维鸟是新西兰的国家象征，kiwi这个名字与新西兰的许多事物都有联系，包括新西兰著名的橄榄球队。此处是“with+名词+分词”结构，由于kiwi 与动词短语be associated with之间是主动关系，因此填所给词的现在分词形式。故填being。

（5）考查时态。句意：几维鸟的记忆力很好，他们能记住五年前发生的事情。故应该使用一般过去时，因此应该填入所给动词的过去式。故填happened。

（6）考查形容词。句意：尽管它们有羽毛，但它们的羽毛看上去和摸起来都更像是茸毛而非羽毛。因此填形容词的比较级。故填more。

（7）考查副词。句意：这使得它们能够躲在灌木丛中，完全不被天敌发现。此处是用于修饰过去分词unnoticed，因此用副词，填completely。

（8）考查定语从句。句意：与大多数鸟类不同的是，几维鸟有很强的嗅觉，能够嗅出隐藏在灌木丛和地下的猎物。此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是a great sense of smell，指物，且引导词在定语从句中作主语，因此填关系代词that或which，引导该限制性定语从句。故填that/which。

（9）考查冠词。句意：最小的几维鸟身高45厘米，体重2公斤。have a height of... 固定短语，“有……高”，因此填冠词a。故填a。

（10）考查介词。句意：而最大的几维鸟可以长到50厘米高，重3.5公斤。介词to后接数字表示能到达多高。故填to。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，名词，形容词，副词，定语从句，冠词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。