高考英语短文改错常见错误类型

高考英语短文改错常见错误类型
高考英语短文改错常见错误类型

常见错误类型

高考英语改错题是考生感到棘手的题型之一。笔者对近几高考英语短文改错

年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后,发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。(例题保留原题号)

1. 动词时态

每年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。

(1)(2003全国卷). ... 84.

(连接并列谓语)

(2)(2004江苏卷)I ... 83.

(连接并列谓语)

(3)(2004全国卷), ,... 82.

(根据可判断此句为一般现在时)

(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I . 85.

(把照片寄给你,应该是已经拍好的,用过去时)

(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ). . 77.

(从上下文判断,应该是现在时,谓语用)

(6)(2005江苏卷). 76.

(连接并列谓语)

2. 名词单复数

单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一,改动的依据有:一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。

(1)(2003全国卷) a . 85.

(是把改为还是把改为,根据名词前的修饰限定词来决定。)

(2)(2004江苏) a . 85.

(修饰复数名词)

(3)(2004全国卷Ⅰ)a . 77.

(a 修饰复数名词)

(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ) a . 79.

( a 意思为一年半,故判断此处应为复数形式)

(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ)... 76.

(从判断应该用名词复数)

3. 句子结构

句子结构方面的错误范围庞大,解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考:1)句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺;2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符;3)主谓一致;4)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。

(1)(2004 全国卷)I ’t I . 78.

(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)

(2)(2004 全国卷Ⅱ)I ’t ’t . 81.

(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)

(3)(2005全国卷Ⅰ), . 78.

(缺谓语动词)

(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ). 79.

(主语是动名词短语,谓语应该用单数)

(5)(2005江苏卷). 84.

(主语是第三人称单数)

高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词,从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。

(1)(2003全国卷80)I 100 . 80.

(并列谓语,多余)

(2)(2004 全国卷)I ? 85.

(或接从句)

(3)(2004重庆卷)I , ... 78.

( a 查字典)

(4)(2005全国卷Ⅰ). 84.

(情态动词后接动词原形)

(5)(2005江苏卷). 83.

(是连词是介词,不能并列)

5. 固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)

所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能缺,固定搭配要前后一致等。

(1)(2003全国卷81)I I ... 81.

(为固定短语)

(2)(2004 全国卷Ⅰ)I a . 79.

(. 固定短语)

(3)(2004 浙江卷). 82.

(... 为固定短语)

(4)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I . 76.

()

(5)(2005全国卷Ⅰ). 83.

()

6. 冠词

英语中冠词只有三个,从高考英语改错题的角度来看,只能从以下几个方向出题:1)不定冠词a和互改;2)不定冠词a或和定冠词互改;3)根据需要增删冠词。

(1)(2004 全国卷Ⅲ)I I a . 77.

(根据句义是特指这个周末)

(2)(2004江苏卷)I ∧, ... 76. ∧a

(我是一个男孩,应用不定冠词a.)

(3)(2004 辽宁卷) a . 78.

(开头字母是元音,应该用)

(4)(2004重庆卷)I ∧I . 82. ∧

(名词后由从句修饰时,应使用定冠词)

(5)(2005全国卷Ⅱ)I ’∧83. ∧a

7. 代词

代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致,其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。

(1)(2004 浙江卷) a ... 78.

(指代对象应一致)

(2)(2004湖北卷). 83.

(是复数,后应该用替代复数名词的代词。)

(3)(2005全国卷Ⅰ). 85.

(指代对象应一致)

(4)(2005江苏卷) a . 79.

8. 连词及与并置问题

连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑;并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答连词及其相关问题的关键所在。

(1)(2004江苏卷). 79. (从句意可知,此处表并列关系,应用)

(2)(2004全国卷Ⅳ)I . 82.

(并列关系,“于是、同时、然后”等意思)

(3)(2004全国卷Ⅱ)I . 77.

(连接的词性应一致)

9. 易混淆的词或词组

易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词,也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。

(1)(2004全国卷Ⅰ). 83.

(非常容易,形容词做表语)

(2)(2004福建卷)119 . 84.

(副词做状语)

(3)(2003全国卷)I . 78.

(在陈述句中一般用)

(4)(2004 重庆卷)I . 77.

(作定语应用形容词)

(5)(2005全国卷Ⅱ). 78

(系动词后用形容词作表语)

以上错误类型的划分不一定很科学,但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题提供思考方法。一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型,解题时就不会盲目从事,而能做到有的放矢。

短文改错题常见的错误类型

1、冠词的多用、少用、混用。

2、名词的数与格的误用。

3、主谓不一致的错误。学生往往容易忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一致性。

4、代词的指代不一致的错误。代词的指代一致性包括人称、数、格和性四方面的统一。代词的人称可分为第一、

二、三人称和非人称;代词的数分为单数和复数;代词的格分为主格、宾格、所有格还有名词性物主代词;代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性。

5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用。多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式,还有上下文的时态呼应,主从句的时态一致。

6、非谓语动词的误用。非谓语动词的难点主要体现在V—形式和过去分词的用法区别、V—形式与不定式的用法区别、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用。

7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用。形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词,作表语说明主语的性质、特征;而副词的作用较复杂,常常修饰形容词、副词、介词短语、动词或全句。形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象:

①省略不当;②自身比较;③修饰语的误用;④连接的两个比较对象不一致或不平行。

8、关联词语的误用。关联词分并列连词,,,,等,从属连词——各种从句的引导词。关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础知识,还涉及至行文逻辑关系。短文改错题惯用的命题手法是:①,,,等之间的混用;②与并用;③与并用;④与并用;⑤与混用;⑥与混用。

9、平行结构的误用。平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相似的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、密切关联的内容。平行结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行。在平行结构中常用的并列连词有,,,等。

10、成分的多与少——多一词或少一词。多或少的词语,常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记等,不过有时也可能是实义词。在短文改错中常出现,等错误。这类错误大多由于学生受汉语表达习惯的影响,或对英语词义的理解不够

准确造成的。

11、固定搭配、习惯用法和介词的误用。短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词,有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配。

短文改错题常见的错误类型剖析

1、多词

①多冠词。I a 。[析]是不可数名词,且是固定搭配,意为“看见”。故应去掉a。

②多介词。。此例中是作时间状语的名词短语多了介词,故应去掉

③固定搭配中多词。I 。此例属于与两个固定搭配的误用,据句意应去。即“过去常常”之意。

④行文逻辑上多词。,.由可知是刚刚开始向别人讲述自己的事情,故只能说,而不要加.

⑤词义重复。I’. 意为“整个周末”,再加上,词义重复。故去.

⑥出现冗言现象。I . 本句中修饰此处为名词,意为“我的第一次访问”,多余。

2、缺词

①名词前缺限定词。.根据上下文分析,此处是有所指的,指的是“我的”英语教师,故应前加上,表达一个更确切的概念。

②缺动词不定式符号. I’d I 后面不能直接加动词,需,构成固定搭配,意为“想做某事”。

③缺系动词。?本句缺谓语动词,应在后面加.

短文改错的解题步骤

1、通读短文,把握文意。快速阅读短文,了解短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的错误,切忌拿到短文提笔就改。

2、依据句意和语法逐句判断。错误是按行设置的,但找错不是以行为单位寻找,必须依据句意和语法分析,逐句或跨行寻找错误。

3、先易后难,逐类排查。先找出比较明显的错误,逐步缩小错误的范围。十行之中有一行是正确的。

4、利用行文逻辑,突破改错难点。有些行文逻辑错误,从词法、句法的角度看是正确的,但是通过上下文的逻辑分析就会发现是错误的。

5、复读短文,检查答案,注意行文逻辑关系的正确合理。

6、严格按照试题要求答题,万万不能随心所欲解题。

短文改错的解题技巧

1、利用排除法进行短文改错,所谓“排除法”就是在理解单句或短文大意基本把握住文章整体时态的前提下,行不离句,句不离文,将句子分成若干语段,逐一排除,使错误缩小到最小范围。再根据基础知识进行扩散性思考,从而快速找到答案。

2、发现有平行结构,就要检查是否有用词不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡错误。如:I .此句中并列的平行结构是两个语法上相同的谓语,故应把改.

3、发现有比较结构,就要检查是否有形容词、副词的比较级,比较的对象等方面的错误。如:,根据上下文不难发现该句含“……”结构的句子,所以应在前加上。

4、发现有转折、因果、对比等结构时,就要检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误。如:.按行文逻辑,应把改.又如:I .英语中两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号,而要用合适的连词连接。故以上两个分句之间要加上连词表示对比。

5、发现句子有多重结构,就要检查是否有时态、语态、连词或成分短缺等错误。如.该句犯了连词重复使用的错误,应去掉.

6、发现有特殊疑问句结构,就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误。如:S2,000.英语中问价格时,可用或提问。回答时常用.所以应把句子中的改为,把答句中改为.

7、发现有名词和代词时,就要检查是否有数、所有格或指代不一致的错误。如:, .去掉前的在此表示泛指。

8、发现有固定短语时,就要检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误。如:I a (看见)是固定词组,所以要去掉a.

9、发现并列主语、从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语,, 等引导的成份修饰主语时,就要检查是否有主谓不一致的错误。如: a 后面的分句的主语也是,其谓语动词应当用单数,故应改为.

10、发现有特殊动词结构时,就要检查其特殊用法是否正确。如: a .英语中的感官动词; ; ; ; ; 等,使役动词; 等后面所跟的复合宾语中,如果由不定式的短语作宾语补足语,不定式须省去.故应去掉句中的.

11、发现有非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语时,就要检查是否有非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致的错误。如;.该句型中不定式逻辑上的宾语就是句子中的主语,所以句中的是多余,应去掉。

短文改错题中动词错误的解题思路

1、如果该动词在句中作谓语,可考虑其时时态和语态。如:() 如( )

2、如果该动词不作谓语,可试着改成非谓语动词形式。如:I .( ) 如( )

短文改错的考点分析

短文改错是一种对基础知识与综合技能的检测题。它主要检测考生对词法、句法和语篇中的行为逻辑等的把握。

1、词法:主要涉及名词的单复数;人称代词的性、数、格;不定代词和连接代词的用法;动词的时态和语态;情态动词和非谓语动词的用法;定冠词不定冠词的用法;并列连词和从属连词的看法;介词的搭配;形容词和副词的区别及其比较级和最高级的用法;词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等。

2、句法:各类从句的连接;主谓一致;省略与替代;否定句型;强调句型;句子结构的连贯性、完整性等。

3、语篇:短文时态的前后呼应、代词的前后一致、逻辑的前后顺应等。

短文改错中错词的误用

1、名词单复数误用。. 根据句意分析应改为复数形式。

2、非谓语动词误用。I a a ’s .根据句意分析,连接两个不同的事情,故应以动名词作主语。

3、连词误用。 a a !分析后各知。本句话意思为“看起来我的父母亲把我当成了或了。“二者为选择关系,而非并列关系,故应将改为.

4、关系代词与关系副词误用。I , .此句后一部分是非限制性定语从句,应用关系代词作主语。

5、限定词误用。 a 意为“同样的”,前面应加定冠词,而不是a。

6、词义辨析误用。侧重指“家庭这个结构或家里人”,而则侧重指“家庭的所在地”。因此“在家里”应用.

短文改错中“一致性”问题

1、主谓一致

2、时态与语态的一致

3、代词先后指代一致

4、名词数的一致

5、平行结构中的一致

6、全文写作逻辑语义一致

高考英语短文改错解题指导

以往,短文改错题是高考英语全国试卷和绝大多数单独命题省市试卷的基本题型。由于其综合了对于高中生英语语法、阅读和写作能力的综合考察,所以一直以来都是学生们颇感棘手的难题。我们认为,经过合理的指导和科学的训练,学生们完全可以熟悉其核心的命题思路和解题技巧,从而取得理想的成绩。

一、高考英语改错题的命题特点分析

从上个世纪九十年代开始出现以来,高考短文改错题的考察方式基本已经稳定下来,其设疑方式不外乎:无错(1处)、多词或少词(3到4处)以及错词(5-6处)。而且,没有单词拼写、标点符号或词序错误,只涉及语法、习惯表达和语义逻辑层面。

三、高考英语改错题的常见错误类型

根据对近十年全部高考改错题的统计分析,我们认为,短文改错题所涉及到的高频考点,恰好也是中学生在写作中经常出现的错误。我们希望考生能够参考我们所总结的常见错误类型,在练习改错题的时候学会对应和归纳,这样才能够提高对错误的嗅觉力和敏感度。这些错误类型主要为:

1、动词的时态和语态

2、句子结构和句子完整性

3、名词单复数及主谓一致问题

4、上下文语意和指代

5、介词

6、固定(习惯)用法

7、词性

8、冠词

9、连词和从句引导词

10、动词不定式

四、实例分析

接下来,我们以考题为例,分析短文改错题的具体解题流程。

1)

2) .

3) . ,

4)

5).

6) .

7)

8)

9) .

10) .

通过阅读全文,我们发现:

1、这是一篇议论文,探讨学生是否应该打工。主体时态是现在时。第2)小题的局部时态和主体时态发生冲突,而且经过进一步判断,属于时态错误。

2、文章的第一句是这篇议论文的论点,它明确了全文的立足点:打工有好处。因此,第7)小题虽然没有任何语法错误,但其逻辑和全文的整体逻辑恰好背道而驰。

3、文章是作者站在第三方对一个一般现象进行的评论,主体叙事角度与“我”、“我们”无关。第10)小题的代词“”有错误嫌疑。

第1)小题,中,系动词和主语的单复数一致性出现了问题,但此时还不能贸然判断究竟是哪一个出现了问题。通过阅读下文,我们得出至少有两个层面的“好处”,因此把改为;

第2)小题, . 中,我们已经解释过了,时态错误,应将改为;

第3)小题, . ,中,没有错误,为习惯表达,表示“最主要的原因是”,且语法无误;

第4)中,是非谓语形式,导致该句没有谓语,是一个典型的不完整句,因此要将改为,还原其谓语功能。

第5)小题,. 中,主语为动名词形式的,与谓语的一致性出现问题,应改为;

第6)小题, .中,从句引导词错误,导致含义混乱,应将改为;

第7)小题,中,如上文中的解释,改为;

第8)小题,中,介词使用有误,这主要还是一个语法问题。将改为;

第9)小题, . 中,情态动词和不定时的语法问题,应该将去掉;

第10)小题, .中,我们解释过了,这里的代词与全文的叙述角度发生冲突。经判断,将其改为。

大致上,短文改错涵盖面较广,本文只是总结了数年考试题型做了归纳,总之这类题十分注意细节。令:本文是其他一线教师力作,拿来即用。

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高考英语专题短文改错二十篇1-20

1. Three friends and I was driving on a highway. While we were going at least 50 miles per hour, we passed over a car. It had broken down, stopped on the side of the road. My friend slows down, and pulled behind the other car. He got out of the car immediate and before I knew it he was helping the other person push the car down the road to a spot where wasn’t so close to the passing cars. From the way they were pushing the car, it looked as if my friend was pushing them all by himself. I thought my friend help a complete stranger like this was a great thing, but I won’t forget his good nature or character. 2. Dear Brad, I’m very glad to hear from you. In your last letter you ask about the post-80s in China. Actually I am the boy who belongs to this group. Comparing with our parents, life for us is getting much hard. The job market is tough and the house is expensively to afford. Now many girls prefer to marry with a man who owns a house an d a car. Therefore, I don’t think love built on house and cars is true love, and I doubt how long it will last. As a matter of fact, though situations are tough today, a lot of we post-80s are making great efforts live a good life. I believe we will have a nice future. Li Hua 3. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems about our parents, as they often look into our school bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are comfortable about it, but it is no need to feel too sadly. Our parents are checking in our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into troubles. They have probably heard of some horrible stories about other kids and thinking we might do the same. Or perhaps they just want to connect with us and are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as many as we’d like to trust them. If you don’t think you can talk to them, write them a letter and leave it lie around --- they are bound to read it. Thank you! 4. We spend two weeks in London last year. We went there in the autumn .We think it is the best season to visit England. The weather is usually good but there aren’t too many tourists in October. We stayed in a small h otel in the West End .It was convenient as we did most of our traveling by foot. We went to look at the places where all tourists see. We saw Buckingham Palace and the National Gallery. We went to shopping in Oxford Street and spent too many money .What we liked most, though, was going to theatre. We don’t have the chance to see so wonderful plays at home .A lot of people say English food is very badly. We didn’t think so. It’s true that most of the restaurants are French or Italian or Chinese, but we had some very good meal.

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实战选编题 A [2017·全国卷Ⅲ] 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。 When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes,playing pop music,and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. [参考答案]

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