高考英语二轮复习 第1部分 提升语法运用 第11讲 构词法

第十一讲构词法

1．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of (achieve)．2．(2016·高考全国丙卷语法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.

3．(2016·高考全国乙卷短文改错)Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady.

4．(2016·高考全国丙卷短文改错)At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.

5．(2016·高考全国丙卷短文改错)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.

6．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat

(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.

7．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)As (nature)architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

8．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it (regular)arranges quick getaways here for people...

9．(2015·高考广东卷语法填空) (lucky)，he also had a cow which looked almost abandoned.

10．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)The river was so polluted that it (actual)caught fire and burned.

11．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)While there are

(amaze)stories of instant transformation，...

12．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers (sudden)became friendly to one another.

13．(2014·高考辽宁卷语法填空)I can't control my body well.My legs become (pain)．

14．(2013·高考广东卷语法填空)That would be a very

(reason)thing to do in a big city.

15．(2013·高考广东卷语法填空)But such a small thing couldn't

(possible)destroy a village.

答案：1.achievement 2.development 3.steady→steadily 4.freely→free 5.wear→wearing 6.slowly 7.natural 8.regularly 9.Luckily 10.actually 11.amazing 12．suddenly 13.painful 14.reasonable 15.possibly

1．常考前缀

(1)表示否定或相反意义的前缀dis-，mis-，un-，il-，im-，

in-，ir-，non-，anti-：disagree，misunderstand，unwilling，illegal，impossible，nonstop等。

(2)形容词变动词的前缀en-：able→enable；large→enlarge，rich→enrich等。

(3)其他：inter-相互，over-超过，re-重新，ex-以前的，super-超，vice-副：interaction，overweight，reuse，ex-husband，super-natural，vice-chairman。

2．常考后缀

(1)形容词＋ly变成副词：real→really，angry→angrily，possible→possibly等。

(2)动词或名词变成形容词的后缀-able，-ful，-ous，-y，-al，-ible，-ive，-ary：na ture→natural，use→useful，continue→continuous，health→healthy等。

(3)动词变名词的后缀-al，-ance，-ence，-tion，-ssion，-ment，-ture，-y：arrive→arrival，app ear→appearance，exist→existence，invite→invitation等。

(4)形容词变名词的后缀-cy，-dom，-ence，-th，-age，-ty，-ity：fluent→fluence，wise→wisdom，silent→silence，grow→growth，safe→safety等。

(5)表示人的后缀-er，-or，-ist，-ee，-ess，-ese，-an，-ian，-ant：teacher，inventor，artist，employee，Chinese，American，musician，servant等。

(6)表示否定的后缀-less：hopeless，endless，fearless，careless，treeless，meaningless等。

(7)形容词变动词的后缀-en，-fy：b road→broaden，class→classify等。

(8)名词变动词的后缀-ize：apology→apologize等。

3．转化法

(1)名词→动词：back n．背→vt.支持，seat n．座→vt.容纳。

(2)动词→名词：walk→take a walk，survey→make a survey。

(3)形容词→动词：slow adj.慢的→v.减慢。

4．合成法

(1)名词＋名词→名词：classroom，teamwork，newspaper。

(2)形容词＋名词→名词：blackboard，highway。

(3)副词＋名词→名词：overcoat，underground，outbreak。

(4)副词＋动词→动词：update，overlook。

(5)名词＋动词→动词：sun-bathe，proof-read。

(6)名词＋分词→形容词：man-made，hand-made，peace-keeping。

(7)形容词＋分词→形容词：good-looking。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Mary was very at the news，so she looked at her husband，her eyes full of .(sad)

2．He football very well and he was one of the best in yesterday's football match.(play)

3．Look！How Kate is laughing！She seems to be the girl in the world.(happy)

4．To our ，the headmaster was very with our report.(satisfy)

5．Edison was a great ．During his life he had many ．(invent)

6．I should my task and make it to finish it.(simple)

7．The boy having the of being half starved ，never to be seen again.(appear)

8．The police the pot and a plot against the President.(cover)

9．You are so to help me.Thank you for your ．(kindly)

10．Everything is becoming than before and many college students have to work to make some money for their

college ．(expend)

11．Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world，but there have been only a few (play)who are (true)great.

12．Many people have the (acknowledge)that environmental protection is a must.However，few of them take any (act)on this movement.

13．When the residents expressed their (encourage)to the (courage)boy，he showed a (determine)look.

14．(rude)is never acceptable.Don't assume it is OK to be rude if the person you're in touch with won't (recognition)you.

15．On my (arrive)at my destination，I was greeted with (smile)faces and treated like a queen.

16．However，most (science)agree that EQ has a lot to do with (educate)．

17．Excellent oral and written (communicate)skills in Chinese and English are of (important)．

18．His shout frightened the boys.

＝The shout was and the boys felt ．(frighten)

19．His look suggested that he knew nothing about it.(surprise)

20．The story sounds and we are in the story.(interest)

答案：1.sad；sadly；sadness 2.played；players 3.happily；happiest 4.satisfaction；satisfied 5.inventor；inventions

6.simplify；simple

7.appearance；disappeared

8.discovered；uncovered

9.kind；kindness 10.more expensive；expenses 11.players；

truly12.acknowledgement；action13.encouragements；courageous；determined14.Rudeness；recognize15.arrival；smiling

16.scientists；education https://www.360docs.net/doc/9618262835.html,munication；importance 18.frightening；frightening；frightened 19.surprised 20.interesting；

interested

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．A difficult person will be easier to cooperate if understand is achieved.

2．The actually reasons for this phenomenon are the subject of a very heated discussion.

3．It's surprised what people will do for money. 4．When facing danger ，one should keep calmly. 5．Are you being completely honesty about your feelings? 6．I was thrilling to be invited. 7．Hopeful ，we'll arrive before dark.

8．I felt extreme upset ，and I couldn't believe my mother refused to help the animal.

9．Was she telling me the true or trying to cheat me?

10．In this increasingly competitive world ，we are supposed to enrich ourselves constant to keep in pace with the modern society.

答案：1.understand→understanding 2.actually→actual 3.surprised→surprising 4.calmly→calm 5.honesty→honest

6.thrilling→thrilled

7.Hopeful→Hopefully

8．extreme→extr emely 9.true→truth 10.constant→constantly

Ⅲ.语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2016·江西南昌模拟)Lionel Messi ，1. player from the South American country Argentina ，is one of the greatest soccer players alive today.At a young age ，he 2. (move) to Spain and now plays 3. (profession)for the FC

Barcelona.Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team 4. (own)by his father.Even as a young boy ，he did very well.But when he was 11 years old ，he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much

5. (tall)．There was a way to help him grow more ，

6. his parents did not have enough money to pay for his medical needs.So ，they looked around for a soccer club

7. would be able to do this for them.The clubs in Argentina couldn't help him ，but the famous FC Barcelona in Spain offered

8. (accept)Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills.The Messi family happily took the offer and moved to Spain.In the FC Barcelona ，Messi was one of the best

9. (play)through his teen years.10. his incredible talent ，Messi has surprised the world.

【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了著名足球运动员Lionel Messi 的成长故事。

1．解析：a 。考查冠词。player 是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰。

2．解析：moved 。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“At a young age”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

3．解析：professionally 。考查词性转换。此处用professionally 修饰动词plays 。

4．解析：owned 。考查非谓语动词。own 和a small soccer team 构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。

5．解析：taller 。考查形容词比较级。much/far/any 等副词往往修饰形容词或副词的比较级，根据语境可知，此处用taller 。

6．解析：but 。考查连词。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用转折连词but 。

7．解析：that/which 。考查定语从句。that 或which 引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a soccer club 。

8．解析：to accept 。考查非谓语动词。此处是固定用法offer to do sth ，不定式短语作宾语，符合语境。

9．解析：players 。考查词性转换。根据提示the best 和代词one 可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。

10．解析：With 。考查介词。此处用with 表示“具备，有”，其后跟名词、代词或动名词，符合语境。

Ⅳ.短文改错

Someone asks me what on the earth happiness means ？I can't give you the exactly definition of it ，but I'm sure if you love and help others ，you'll get it.

I'll never forget an old lady.She lives a small house alone.It's said that her husband and her son were died in a traffic accident.How bitter her life is ！But the old lady often helped others with a smile.Wherever it snows ，she is always the first to clean the paths.She looks after several children living nearby.I am one of those.I often remember the stories she told about us and her kind smile.Perhaps she is lucky ，but I think she is a happy person.Her life full of laughter and love.

答案：

Someone asks me what on earth happiness means ？I can't give you the exactly exact definition of it ，but I'm sure if you love

and help others ，you'll get it. I'll never forget an old lady.She lives a small house alone.It's said that her husband and her son died

in a traffic accident.How bitter her life is ！But the old lady often helped helps others with a smile.Wherever Whenever it snows ，she is always

the first to clean the paths.She looks after several children living nearby.I am one of those them .

I often remember the stories she told about\ us and her kind smile.Perhaps she is lucky unlucky ，but I think she is a happy person.Her life∧,is) full of laughter and love.

Ⅴ.阅读提升

A ．阅读下列句子，写出黑体单词的词义。

1．The flight was already fully booked .

2．She was freed from prison last week.

3．You don't need to shoulder the blame for this failure.

4．We will try our best to better our living conditions.

5．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ变式)Within a short time ，however ，the burden of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.

答案：1.预订 2.释放 3.承担，肩负 4.改善 5.负担；传，移交

B ．阅读下列句子，写出黑体单词的意思并指出词根。

如：Unlike his son ，the old dislike big cities.

不像； 不喜欢； like

1．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ改编)Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5，000 years.

2．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ改编)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.

3．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ改编)Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.

4．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ改编)In my free time ，I will continue to take regular exercise ，such as swimming ，running and various ball games.

5．Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle ，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.

答案：1.出名的；fame ；史前的；history

2．难以置信的；believe

3．成功的；success

4．各种各样的；vary

5．绝望的；hope ；感激的；thank

C ．大声地反复朗读下列短文，留意领悟画线黑体部分。

思考：下面的单词有什么特点？各种前缀如何用？各种前缀表示什么意思？单词加了前缀后词性有没有变化？

John and his father never agree on one thing ，so they often disapprove [1]of each other ，for there was some misunderstanding [2]between them.Once ，John and his parents went to his aunt's home for dinner.When they left after dinner ，

John said “Bye -bye ！”to his aunt in a low voice.However，his father didn't hear it and he thought John misbehaved [3] himself for it was impolite [4] to leave without saying goodbye.John insisted that he did say it ，but his father didn't listen to him.From then on ，John was unfriendly [5] to his father ，which made his father extremely unhappy

[6]．Undoubtedly [7]，it is unwise [8]

of John to do so.

After all，they are father and son.His father sent him to a class of manners to enrich[9] his knowledge of manners，which his father believed would enable[10]him to be a good-mannered boy.John's father said he was angry at his son's dishonesty[11]，which would certainly endanger[12] his future.His father's nonstop[13] nonsense caused John much discomfort[14]．John had to go to the https://www.360docs.net/doc/9618262835.html,ter on，he did everything against his father's will.

约翰和父亲总有分歧，所以他们经常不赞同对方的想法，因为他们之间有一些误会。一次，约翰和父母去姑姑家吃饭。晚饭后当他们离开时，约翰小声对姑姑说“再见”！然而，他的父亲没听到，他认为约翰不懂规矩，不告而别是非常不礼貌的。约翰坚持说他确实说了，但他父亲不听。从此，约翰对父亲很不友善，这使他的父亲非常不高兴。毫无疑问，约翰这样做是不明智的。

毕竟，他们是父子。他的父亲把他送去上礼仪班以丰富他的礼仪知识，父亲认为这样做会使他成为一个懂礼貌的男孩。约翰的父亲说对于儿子的不诚实他感到很生气，他的不诚实当然会危及他的未来。父亲不间断的唠叨让约翰很不舒服。约翰不得不去上课。此后，他总是和父亲对着干。

构词法