构词法 高考英语
英语中的构词法详解及记忆大全
英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。 转换法 在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。 1. 动词转化为名词 Let me have a try. 让我试试。 They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。 2. 名词转化为动词 He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。 The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。 3. 形容词转化为动词 We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 They tried to perfect the working conditions. 他们努力改善工作条件。 4. 形容词转化为名词 He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong. 他不辨是非。 The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 5. 形容词转化为副词 How long have you lived there? 你在那儿住多久了？ 6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词 Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。 Life is full of ups and downs. 人生有得意时也有失意时。 His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
高三英语构词法II
构词法II（word formation） 合成法 合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新词的构词法。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词，还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”构成一个新单词，把这个词通常叫做复合词。记住常见的复合词的构成方式是掌握合成法的关键，现就常见的复合词的构成方式分类举例并归纳如下： 1.名词的合成词： (1)名词+名词：classroom（教室），airport（飞机场）eyesight（视力） (2)形容词+名词: deadline（最后期限）, highway 高速公路 expressway（高速公路）, blackboard (3)副词+名词: overburden(过重的负担), underclothes( 内衣) (4)动词+名词: driveway(车道), breakwater(防浪堤), pickpocket(扒手) (5)名词+动词: daybreak(拂晓), haircut, heartbeat, headache (6)名词+动词的- ing 形式: sightseeing(观光), handwriting 2.形容词合成词: (1)名词+形容词: home-sick(想家的), large-scale大规模的 (2)名词+动词-ing: peace- loving (爱好和平的), time- saving(节省时间的) (3)名词+动词的过去分词: heartfelt(衷心的), homemad(国产的, (4)副词+现在分词: good-looking, hardworking，outstanding, (5)形容词/副词+过去分词: widespread(广泛传播的), newly- built 新建的） (6)副词+形容词: all-around(全面发展的), ever-green(常青的) (7)形容词+形容词: deaf-mute(又聋又哑的), icy-cold（冰冷的）, (8)其它方式：face-to-face ten-year-old boy 3.动词合成词: (1)名词+动词sleep-walk梦游Daybreak (2)形容词+动词white-wash粉刷dumbfound(使目瞪口呆), (3)副词+动词）overwhelm压倒；outline(画出?轮廓overcome克服 4.副词合成词: (1)形容词+名词hotfoot匆忙地， (2)形容词＋副词everywhere到处somehow (3)副词＋副词however尽管如此however (4)介词＋名词beforehand事先 (5)介词＋副词forever永远。 5.代词合成词: (1)代词宾格＋self herself 她自己himself, (2)物主代词＋self myself 我自己ourselves (3)形容词＋名词anything, nobody, 转化法 转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法，是英语形成新词的重
高考英语专题复习：构词法
附录构词法 一、名词变成形容词 后缀例词 -able/-ible valuable有价值的，responsible有责任的 (能够) -ish(稍/略……，似…… selfish自私的，childish孩子气的，British英国的的，……国家的) -al natural自然界的，cultural文化的 (……的) -(a)n/-ian/-ese American美国(人)的，Russian俄国(人)的；Chinese中国(人)的(人的，地方的) -less(无，不) careless粗心的，useless无用的 -en(由……制成的) wooden木制的，woolen羊毛制的 -ly(像……的) friendly友好的，manly有男人气概的，lovely可爱的 -ern(表方向) northern北方的，southern南方的 -ous(有……性质的) nervous紧张的，dangerous危险的，ambitious有雄心的 -ful(充满……的) useful有用的，helpful有帮助的 -ic/-ical(有……性质的) economic经济的，political政治的 -y(有……性质的) noisy噪音的，snowy下雪的，dirty脏的，thirsty口渴的 二、动词变成形容词 后缀例词 -ous continuous持续的，various各种各样的 -able acceptable可接受的，eatable可食用的 -ed/-ing interested感兴趣的，interesting有趣的 -ive(有…… attractive有吸引力的，creative创造性的 倾向的) 不规则动词broken(break)破碎的，lost(lose)丢失的，迷失的
英语构词法大全
英语常见构词法 一、常见的前缀 前缀一般会改变词义，但不改变词性；后缀一般不改变词义，而不改变词性。1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的） dis- dishonest, dislike I类：in-, ig-, il, im, ir, Incapable（不能的，无能力的，不能胜任的）, inability（无能力，无才能）, Ignoble（不光彩的，卑鄙的，卑贱的）, impossible, immoral（不道德的）, illegal（不合法的）, irregular（不规则的） ne-, n-, none, neither（either两者中一个）, never non-, nonsense（胡说，废话；荒谬的）sense（感觉，观念，道理）neg-, neglect（疏忽，忽视） un- unable, unemployment（失业） 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction（发生故障，不起作用；故障）, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead（误导，带错） pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 注：pseudo（伪君子，假冒的） 3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend（辩护，防护）, demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm（裁军，解除武装）, disconnect（拆开，使分离，断开） discover = uncover发现
re-，reverse反面的，反转，倒车 un-, unload（卸载，卸，卸货）, uncover（发现，揭开） with-, withdraw（stop sth or stop making sth撤退，撤消，取款）, withstand（抵挡，反抗，经得起，。。。站立不倒be strong enough not to be harm） withhold(阻止，。。。抓住不放to refuse to give sth to someone) 4)表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction（矛盾，否认，反驳）, contro-flow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction（抵抗，发对的行动，中和）, counterbalance（使平衡，自动抵消） O类（可以不记忆） ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object（物体；反对，拒绝）, oppose, occupy 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”（与空间类名次搭配） aboard, aside, 2)by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath（侧道，小路）, bypass(弯路) 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围，环绕，回转” circumstance（环境，情况）, circuit（电路，回路） 4)de-, 表示“在下，向下” descend（下降；沿。。。向下）, degrade（使降级，贬低；降级；grade 年级，成绩，级别） 5)en-, 表示“在内，进入”（不记忆） encage（关在笼中，禁闭）, enbed(上床) 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部，外”
(全)高考英语历年真题详解-构词法
高考英语历年真题详解-构词法 2015新课标1卷 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 答案：regularly 构词法：形容词构副词，形容构副词一般是在词尾加ly，副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词与整个句子。 2015新课标2卷 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment. 答案：ability 构词法：形容词构名词，名词后缀-ity: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility, purity, reality, equality Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.
答案：slowly 构词法：形容词构副词 As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 答案：natural 构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national 2016全国卷（新课标一） But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract). 答案：attraction 构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, direction The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. 答案：officially 构词法：形容词构副词 2016全国新课标二卷
高考英语二轮复习短文语法填空中常见构词法总结
2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中常见构词法总结 (4)-ness结尾的名词: adj.—n. 意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness 苦bitter—bitterness 盲目blind—blindness 冷静 calm—calmness 聪明 clever—cleverness 疯狂crazy—craziness 渴望 eager—eagerness 公平fair—fairness 愚蠢 foolish—foolishness 适合 fit—fitness 幸福/愉快happy—happiness 疾病ill—illness 友好 kind—kindness 懒惰 lazy—laziness 孤独lonely—loneliness 宁静 quiet—quietness 悲伤 sad—sadness 严重性 serious—seriousness 甜美sweet—sweetness 稳定 steady—steadiness 厚度thick—thickness 累 tired—tiredness 弱点 weak—weakness 冷/冷淡 cold—coldness 惶恐不安nervous—nervousness 思乡 homesick—homesickness 粗心careless—carelessness自私selfish—
selfishness 无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness 无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness (5)-age结尾的名词: 婚姻marry—marriage 短缺short—shortage 储存store—storage 包裹pack—package 车厢carry—carriage 通道pass—passage (6)-th结尾的名词: 温暖warm—warmth 真理true—truth 死亡dead—death 成长grow—growth (7)-ure结尾的名词: 快乐please—pleasure 离开depart—departure 暴露expose—exposure 压力press—pressure 失败fail—failure 混合mix—mixture 签名sign—signature (8)-ce结尾的名词: adj.—n. 缺席 absent—absence 出席present—presence 信心confident—confidence 方便convenient—convenience 不同different—difference 勤奋diligent—diligence
2019届高考英语构词法语法复习
2019届高考英语构词法语法复习 高中英语语法之构词法一.概念语言学家把这种专门研究词形变化现象和规则的学问称为词形学(morphology),通常简称为构词法(word formation)。英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法. 二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如：①let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。②he is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。③let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如：①did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。③she nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。④we lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：we will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如：you should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。the old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 2.派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1)前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：appear出现→disappear消失 correct正确的→incorrect不正
英语构词法在高考中的应用
英语构词法在高考中的应用 本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及转化 2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义 3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量 考情分析： 1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考) 2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考) 3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考) 4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考) 考点精讲： Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 英语构词法主要有三种方法： 一．.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇) 二. 转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水--- water ( v.)浇水 三. 派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的，只改变其。 happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的 一．合成法： …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. … What does the word “shoplifter”mean? A.商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推销员 C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工 注意： 请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。 1.For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. 2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth. 3.For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.
高考英语构词法
高考英语构词法，英语讲授，词汇学习技巧 How Words Are Formed When we learn English, it is very, very important to know how English words are formed. Once we know this, we can learn words easily. English people add "heads" or "tails" to words. The word without a head nor a tail is called root. Usually the head is called prefix, while the tail is called suffix. Prefixes There are some prefixes you can add to some words to form new words. For example, mis- can be added to some verbs, meaning "wrong" or "wrongly". I can understand my English teacher well. means I often know what my English teacher says in class. But I misunderstood him. means I failed to understand him correctly. Adding prefixes is a very common way to form a new word. Most often, we have the following prefixes: in- (im-, il-, ir-): the opposite of something independent: an independent person is someone who does not depend on someone else; an independent country is a country which is not controlled by other country or countries; an independent organisation is an organisation that is not controlled or run by another organisation or government. inaccessible: access is the way or possibility of coming to a place or person. Accessible means "able to be reached". Inaccessible means "very difficult or impossible to go to": Mount Qomolangma (the highest place of Himalayas) is one of the most inaccessible places. impossible: not possible illegal: legal means "allowed by laws", so illegal means "not allowed by laws". irregular: regular means "happening every hour, every minute, etc.", so irregular means "not happening every hour, etc.". tele-: at or over a long distance television: something you can see, and something that comes to you over a long distance (vision meaning "something you can see") telecommunication: the communication you can do over a long distance, like phone call, email, etc. teleconference: a meeting which is carried out over a long distance, for example by telephone, or other ways like television. telephone: phone is a Greek word meaning "sound" or "voice", so everybody knows this word telephone. inter-: between or involving two or more people, places, countries, etc. internet: the Internet is a system which allows millions of millions of computer users to exchange information. Net is something we use to catch fish, etc., and a net is usually made of threads or other similar things like wires that are woven across each other. The way the Internet works is quite similar to "net", so maybe this is the reason people use net to form this word. Another word quite similar is web: a web is something like a net.
高考英语大纲语法梳理
高考英语大纲语法梳理 ★合成法 英语构词法中把两个单词连在一起合成一个新词，前一个词修饰或限定后一个词，这样的方法就是合成法。 1 合成名词 ⒈名词＋名词 weekend周末 ⒉名词＋动词 daybreak黎明 ⒊名词＋动名词 handwriting书法 ⒋名词＋及物动词＋er／or pain-killer止痛药 ⒌名词＋介词＋名词 sister-in-law嫂子 ⒍代词＋名词 she-wolf母狼 ⒎动词＋名词 typewriter打字机 ⒏动名词＋名词 reading-room阅览室 ⒐现在分词＋名词
flying-fish飞鱼 ⒑形容词＋名词freshman大一新生 ⒒副词＋动词 outlook景色，风光 ⒓介词＋名词afterbrain后脑 2 合成形容词 ⒈名词＋形容词bloodred血红的 ⒉名词＋现在分词French-speaking讲法语的⒊名词＋to＋名词 one-to-one一对一的 ⒋名词＋过去分词man-made人造的 ⒌数词＋名词 one-way单行道的 ⒍数词＋名词＋形容词three-year-old三岁的 ⒎数词＋名词＋ed ten-storeyed十层的
⒏动词＋副词 one-off 一次性的 ⒐形容词＋名词 high-quality高质量的 ⒑形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的 ⒒形容词＋形容词 light-green浅绿色的 ⒓形容词＋现在分词ordinary-looking相貌一般的⒔副词＋形容词 ever-green常青的 ⒕副词＋现在分词 hard-working辛勤的 ⒖副词＋过去分词 well-known著名的 ⒗副词＋名词 fast-food专门提供快餐服务的⒘介词＋名词 indoor室内的 3 合成动词 ⒈名词＋动词
词根词缀构词法汇总
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