专业英语复习题库

专业应试题库

一，专业词汇翻译

A spherical system of coordinates

Absolute scale

Absolute temperature

Absolute zero

Acute angle

Adiabatic process

Adjacent

Amount of heat

Amplitude

Analytical expression

Angular momentum

Angular momentum

Angular velocity

Annihilate

Appreciable

Approximate solution

Arbitrarily

Assume that

At constant pressure

At rest

Axial symmetry

Axis of rotation

Be independent of

Be proportional to

Bend

Capacitor

Center of mass

Centripetal force

Cgs

Change in jumps

Chaotic

Charge by conduct

Charge by induction

Circulation motion

Classical mechanics

Coefficient

Coherent

Combustion engine

Comparison

Compensate

Conductor

Consecutive Consequently Conservation Considerable Constant Constructive interference Coordinate system Coulomb’s law Counter-phase

Cross-sectional

Curl

Curvilinear motion Cyclic process Decrement Denominator

Density

Derivative Destructive interference Developing

Deviation from Diatomic

Difference

Diffraction Dimension

Dimension

Discrete value Displacement Distance

Distribution function Divergence

Dynamics

Elastic collision Electric dipole

Electric field

Electric potential Electric potential energy Electrically polarized Electrodynamics Electromagnetic Electron

Electrostatic Elementary mass Embodiment Emulsion

Energy

Energy level

Entropy

Equilibrium Equipartition principle Ether

Exposure

External force

Factor

First law of thermodynamics Focal plane

Fraunhofer diffraction

Free fall

Friction

Gamma photon

General theory relativity Geometrical

Gradient

Gravity

Grow proportionally to Harmonic function Harmonic oscillator

Heat

Heat capacity

Heat engine

Heat transfer

Hence

Histogram

Hologram

Holography Homogeneous Huygens’ Principle Hypothetical medium

Ideal gass

Identical

Illuminate

Impart

Impulse

Inalienable

Incident light

Inclination

Incoherent

Increase

Inertia

Inertial reference frame Infrared radiation

Initial moment Instantaneous

Insulator

Integral

Interference

Internal energy

Internal energy

Internal force

Intra-molecular energy Isotropic

Kinematics

Law of cosine law

Length contraction Macroscopic

Mass

Mass-energy conversion Mean distance

Mechanical equivalent of heat Mechanics

Medium

Microscopic

Molar heat gas capacity Mole

Molecular physics Momentum

Monatomic Monochromatic light Motion

Multiply

Neutron

Newton’s first law

Non-equilibrium state Normal acceleration

Normal to

Nuclei

Nucleon

Numerator

Object beam

Obtuse angle

Operator

Polarization

Parallel axis theorem

Parallel beams

Parallel rays

Parallelogram method

Parameter of state

Perfectly rigid body Perpendicular

Phase difference

Phenomena

Piston

Point charge

Point particle

Power

Preference

Principle of relativity

Probability

Probability distribution function Projection

Propagate

Proton

Pseudoscopic

Quantitative conclusion

Quasi-static

Radian

Radius

Rarefaction

Real image

Rectilinear motion

Redistribution

Reference frame

Reference wave

Relative atomic mass of an element Relative molecular mass of substance Relaxation process

Relaxation time

Reversible (process)

Rotational inertia

Scalar

Scalar field

Semiconductor

Semitransparent

Solid angle

Spatial coherence

Special theory of relativity Specific heat capacity

Speed

Stationary

Subscript

Superpose

Superposition

Symmetry

Temperature

Temporal coherence

Terminal velocity

Test charge

The difference on optical path

The equation of state of an ideal gass The magnitude of a vector

The number of degree of freedom The reciprocal of

The refractive index

The right-hand screw rule

The second derivative of

The square of distance

The tangential acceleration Thermodynamic temperature scale Three dimensional

Time averaged value

Time dilation

Timepiece

Torque

Torsion balance

Translation motion

Triatomic

Tuning fork

Twin paradox

Ultraviolet light

Undeformable body

Uniform circular motion

Unit time

Vector field

Vectors

Velocity

Virtual image

Wave length

Wave number

Weight

二、段落翻译翻译('54

)

1、For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the

initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative.

2、 A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which

motion is being considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.

3、The concepts of an equilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part in

thermodynamics. All the quantitative conclusions of thermodynamics are strictly applicable(适用) only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.

4、If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move absolutely without order, chaotically. All the

directions of motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others.

5、Huygen s’ principle: The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source can

be regarded as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets.

6、If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are present, then we

can not speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position.

7、A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which

motion is being considered and a timepiece indicate the time forms a reference fram.

8、Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with the

moving body remains parallel to itself .

9、Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have the

nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies.

10, Vectors are defined as quantities characterized by a numerical value and a direction and, also, as ones that are added according to the triangle or parallelogram method.

11, We shall define internal forces as the forces with which given body is acted upon by the other bodies of the system and external forces as those produced by the action of bodies not belong to the system.

12, For a conservative force, the work done on a particle by the force may depend only on the initial and final positions of the particle and not on the path along which the particle moved,. 13, Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does not depend on

the path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero.

E to determine the work done on a particle by conservative 14, We can thus use the function

p

forces along any path beginning at arbitrary point 1 and terminating at arbitrary point 2 .

15, Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion of

a rigid body is stationary, the motion of the body can be represented as rotation with the

angular velocity in a reference frame moving translationally with the velocity 0v relative to the stationary frame.

16, All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.

17, The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of the molecules of a substance.

18, The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of heat that must be imparted to the body to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.

19, Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measure in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvin..

20, Absolute zero: the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have- the temperature at which molecules of a substance have their minimum kinetic energy.

21, Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of statistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of them occurring separately.

22, Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a system. Whenever energy freely transforms from one form to the another, the direction of transformation is toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward one of greater entropy.

23, By coherence is meant the coordinated proceeding of several oscillatory or wave processes. 24, The superposition of waves producing regions of reinforcement and regions of cancellation.

Constructive interference refers to regions of reinforcement; destructive interference refers to regions of cancellation.

25, There is no appreciable physical difference between interference and diffraction. Both phenomena consist in the redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of the waves.

26, Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other.

27,The arrangement of the charges setting up the field being studied may change under the action of the test charge.