英语定语从句考点全面解析
第二部分考点透析
1. 定语从句顾名思义就是起修饰限定作用的句子, 故又称形容词性从句。
同其它从句相比较，其引导词本身在从句中充当一定的成分，这是学习定语从句的一个关键点, 例如：当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词，宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。
2. 关系词：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why
2.1关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。2.1.1 who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。whom在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略, 并在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。
例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that在从句中做主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
2.1.2 whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：
We all helped the student whose father is a teacher.
Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.
2.1.3 which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等, 做宾语时常可省略。
例如：
Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.
The factory which / that makes computers is far away from here.
This is the pen ( which/that ) he bought yesterday.
The season that / which comes after spring is summer.
2.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点或理由。相当于“介词+ which”结构。此处的介词一般应是能同先行词搭配的介词。
2.1.1关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which” 结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：
I still remember the day when (on which) I went to school for the first time.
Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.
Is this the reason why（for which）he did not go to school ?
2.3 特殊引导词：先行词和关系词二合一
1.1 Whoever= anyone who
Whoever smokes in public will be punished here.
1.2 What = all that / the thing which
The parents will use what they have to send their son to college.
What you want has been sent here.
1.3 Whatever = anything that
You can take whatever you like.
Whatever you say will be examined.
2.3 关系词的省略
在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。
2.3.1 关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。
Are these keys (that /which) you are looking for?
The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.
2.3.2 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
I don't like the way (that/ in which) she walks.
The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising.
2.3.3在The time、every time、each time、the moment, the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中，when, where, why可省略。
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
That's the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country.
By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself.
The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.
2.4 that 和what 在做关系词时的用法区别
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
I think（that）you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
3. 定语从句类型
3.1限制性和非限制性定语从句
3.1.1 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉
它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
3.1.2 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要
用第三人称单数。例如：
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
3.3 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
3.2 分割性定语从句
3.2.1 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，
但有时候定语从句如果紧接先行词会引起主句头重脚轻或句意分隔等问题，此时，从句和先行词被其他成分分隔。例如：
He was the only person in this country who was invited
The village has developed a lot where we learned farming two years ago. (2007 福建)
4. as 与which在引导定语从句时的比较
4.1. 在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中做主语，宾语，
表语．如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用。
As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to our health.
He married her, as/which was natural.
He was honest, as/which we can see.
4.2如从句在主句之前，用as，不能用which.
As we all know, his parents were killed in this war.
As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.
4.3 as 在引导非限制性定语从句时，用来指一件事，它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾
He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.
As we know from his accent, he is an American.
He, as we know from his accent, is an American.
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as/which has been said above.
4.4如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有“正如．．．”“就象．．．”之意时，用as
We won the match, as we had expected.
He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.
4.5当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用as
This is the same book as you bought yesterday.
I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.
比较：the same…as… 与the same… that…
This is the same book as you bought yesterday. (同一类书)
This is the same book that you bought yesterday. (同一本书)
4.6当从句位于句尾，且当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用which。
The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was shameful.
4.7当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which.
Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
4.8 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
It rained all day, which spoiled our plan to visit the Expo.
4.9一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法, 常常含有“正如。。。。。。”
as is known to all as has been said before
这是众所周知的如前所说
as is often the case as may be imagined
情况常常如此这可以想象得出
as has been pointed out as often happens
正如已经指出的那样这种情况常常发生
as you may still remember as has been mentioned above
正如你记的那样正如上面提到的那样
5. 几个重点：
5.1只能用that做关系词的情况
5.1.1主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：
There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
5.1.2 在不定代词，some-, any-, every-和no与-body, -thing的合成不定代词, 如：everything, nothing, anything, something, 以及much, little, none，the one, any, few, all，some、that、those 等不定代词。
All that we have to do is to practice every day.
We should do all that is useful to the people.
There's nothing that can be said about it.
Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
5.1.3 先行词被any, some, no, every, much, few, little, all, very, the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时
I’ve read all the books that you lent me.
No sample that we nave received is satisfactory.
Please send us any information that you have about the subject.
He is the only person that was present at the time.
I have read all the books that you gave me.
He is the only person that/who I want to talk to.
5.1.4先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
Hamburg is the most beautiful city that I’ve ever seen.
This is the best TV that is made in China.
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
This is the best film I’ve ever seen.
5.1.5 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
A victim is a person, animal or thing that suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
5.1.6当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时,为避免重复, 用that。
Who is the man that is talking to John?
Which is the book that you like best?
5.1.7如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用，则另一个用that。例如：
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
5.1.8如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which, 另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
5.1.9当先行词在主句中做表语，或关系代词在从句中做表语时，在限制性定语从句中，只能用that.
It’s a book that will help you a lot.
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
5.2只能用which 做引导词的情况
5. 2.1 引导非限定性定语从句时。
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
5. 2.2 介词后。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
Her bag, in which she put all her money, has been stolen.
This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.
Xiao Wang, with which I went to the concert, enjoys it very much.
5. 2.3 当先行词是that, whose时。
Clock is that which tells you time.
What's that which she is looking at?
There are many books, but I can’t find those which the teacher mentioned yesterday.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
5.2.4当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
5.3 只用who的情况，在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替who
5.3.1 在非限制定语从句中限定人时。
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
5.3.2 先行词是one, anyone, those、someone、everyone等时。
One who has nothing to fear for himself dares to tell the truth.
Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.
Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.
5.3.3 在there/here be开头的句子中。
Here is a boy who wants to see you.
5.3.4 先词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时。
Don't tell anyone about the secret who should not know.
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
5.3.5一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 若先行词是人，
为避免重复另一个则宜用who。如：
The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.
6. 几个难点：
6.1用关系代词还是关系副词
用关系代词还是关系副词经常是定语从句学习中的一个难点，如何确定呢？
方法1：看从句中的谓语动词，若从句中及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词，而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法2：判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状）。先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语)。
Is this museum the one you visited a few days age?
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held？
6.2介词+关系词
6.2.1 “介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。介词后面的关系代词不能省略。若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
The manager in whose company I work is very kind to his employers.
6.2.2有时候关系副词when和where也可以用在介词之后，如since when、by when和from where等。例如：
The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007 山东)
We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town…
6.2.3 用什么介词取决于:
a. 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
He is the man on whom I think you can depend.
b. 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
c. 根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配
The rate at which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.
This is the pen with which I write my homework.
d. 在象listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词中，一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.
e. 介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few, one 等名词，代词或者数词。
The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom/which are women.
The book contains 50 poems, most of which was written in 1930s.
There are two left, one of which is almost finished, and the other of which is not quite.
I have a sentence, the meaning of which I don’t understand.
6.2.3 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which / where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which /when you came to my house?
6.3 定语从句与强调句型的区别
6.3.1强调句型中的it是个引导词，本身没有意义。如果去掉it is/was that，句子结构仍然完整，句意也完整。定语从句中的it是指示代词，做主句的主语。如果去掉it is /was that，句子结构不完整，意思也完整。
It is a question that needs careful consideration.（定语从句）
It is novels that she enjoys reading.（强调句型）（=She enjoys reading novels）
6.3.2 在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句；在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。
It was because she was ill that we decided to return. （强调句型）
Was it in this street that the ceremony was held? （强调句型）
Was it this street where the ceremony was held? （定语从句）
6.3.3 有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句，这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析that或who在句中的作用。
It was in the lab that was set up last year that they finished the experiment.（that was set up last
year 是定语从句，that在从句中做主语，并可被which替换）
It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in the contest. （who came from our school 是定语从句，who在从句中做主语）
6.3.4 在有省略强调结构句型中，往往会被误认为定语从句。例如：
— Where did you get to know her?
— It was on the farm where we worked. (2007 山东)
6.4 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
6.4.1 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，起限定作用。而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词，是名词性的，其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明。
It is a fact (that) you can't deny.（定语从句）
It is a fact that she has done her best.（同位语从句）
6.4.2 在定语从句中，that代先行词，在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当某个句子成分，在作宾语时通常可省略。而在同位语从句中，that只起连接主句和从句的作用，无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，一般不可省。
The news (that) we heard spread all over the school campus.（定语从句）
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位从句）
6.4.3 同位语从句中的被限定词常见的有：fact, reason, idea, truth, news 等，而定语从句所修饰的限定词一般没有定量。
高中英语定语从句知识点及练习复习过程
高中英语定语从句知识点及练习
高中英语---定语从句 一定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 二关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 、 The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。
定语从句专项讲解细致导入
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(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
高中定语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
最新高考英语定语从句知识点
【篇一】高考英语定语从句知识点 概念引入 欣赏含有定语从句的名言： Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. 笑是太阳，它从人们的脸上赶走冬天。 Don’t trust the first sign that you see. 不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。 All is not gold that glitters. 发光的未必都是金子。 Nothing is impossible to the man who has will. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 【篇二】高考英语定语从句知识点 一、定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。 This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. 这是他给我的生日礼物。 Do you know everybody who came to the party? 你认识来宴会的每一位吗？ This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
这是毛主席曾经居住的地方。 二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics. 我更喜欢能写自己歌词的歌唱家。 These are musicians who make us happy. 这些是能让我们高兴的音乐家。 People who eat a balanced diet are healthier. 平衡饮食的人是健康的。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ 你认识我们在门口遇到的那个年轻人吗？ Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 你想见的李先生已经来了。 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病了的那个女孩今天呆在家。 I know the boy whose father is a professor. 我认识他的父亲是教授的那个男孩。 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是给单词释义的一本书。
2017高一英语定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解 1．定语从句：复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable. Those who work hard will make progress. 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1）关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 2）关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句, who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句， 修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。但直接介词后只用whom,不可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. The man to whom you talked just now is my old friend.（whom不可省略） 3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man (that / whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5．whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： We live in a house,__________ windows face the sea. We live in a house,___________ the windows face the sea. We live in a house, the windows__________ face the sea We live in a beautiful house, and the windows _________ face the sea Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=_____________________=_________________ （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾经就读过的学校很出名。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. =The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意：１．含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：
高中英语定语从句详解
高中英语定语从句详解 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose、as (其中whose只能做定语,which和what也可以做定语) 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、where Ex.) He was late .That's because he got up late. .He got up late. That's why he was late.(表语从句) (the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句) 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） There are occasions when joking is not permissible. ●关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) 当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。 way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语 时，则用which或that 引导。如: This is the way (that) /in which I do such things. 比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you. Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that. 3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。