口译与听力杨俊峰答案
口译与听力杨俊峰答案
【篇一：口译与听力考试大纲】
>本课程的指定教材为《口译与听力教程》。该教材共分三个部分, 第一部分主要为听力训练,并附有单词、练习和听力原文。第二、三部分主要为口译训练,包括课文、单词、解说、练习等。
第一部分听力
课程内容
a. 劳动市场
1.工作面试
2.找工作
3.劳动市场的变化
b. 职业及社会角色
1.工作中的女性
2.家庭主妇
3,人工智能
c. 国际大都市
1,美国城市旧金山
2,英国城市伦敦
3,国外旅行
d. 思维与创新
1,美丽的梦幻
2,做梦与创新
3,梦中惊醒
e. 社会与文化
1.重要历史事件
2.不同国家的风俗
3.文化与产品
考核目标
听懂并能理解英语国家的人正常语速的交流(120~150单词/分钟),掌握教材内出现的词汇、语法项目、常用的口语表达方式等, 能回答(包括口头和笔头回答)就课文内容提出的问题。
第二部分口译:常规部分
课程内容
1.开幕式
2.闭幕式
3.欢迎词
4.祝酒词
5.大会宣言
考核目标
掌握一般会议的口译程序,各种会议礼节性讲话,如开幕式、闭幕式、欢迎词、祝酒词、大会宣言等的常见格式及口译技巧。能迅速、流利、准确地转达发言人的讲话内容,语气、语调基本正确, 用词基本得当,句法规范。
第三部分口译:专题部分
课程内容
1,旅游2.经济3.政治4.教育
5.科技
6.体育
7.环保
8.工业
9.农业10.社会问题
11.人居、环境与持续发展
考核目标
每个专题都有自己的特点,如旅游专题介绍与旅游有关的内容,其中包括历史知识、地理知识、旅游资源等。专题类的内容一般专有名词如人名地名出现频繁,学习时要有的放矢,根据不同专题的不同要求,掌握教材中所出现的词汇、固定用法以及有关知识。能比较流利、基本准确地转达发言人的讲话内容,语气、语调基本正确,用词基本得当,句法不出现大错误。
三、考试大纲实施要求
高等教育自学考试是一种国家考试。它既是对社会自学者进行的学历考试,也是个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的一种新
5.关于命题考试的若干规定
a: 听力考试
a)考试形式:闭卷,笔试,满分50分。
b)考试时间:25~30分钟。
c)题型及其他:正误题10题,每题1分(共10分), 题干长度控制在40个单词以内,听力原文形式或为独白或为对白, 总长度控制在400一500个单词之间, 正常语速听一遍,之后留出100秒的时间做答; 三选一10题,每段5题(共2段),每题1分(共10分), 题干长度控制在35个单词以内,听力原文形式或为独白或为对白, 每段总长度控制在400一600个单词之间,正常语速听一遍,每段之后留出75秒的时间做答; 四选一20题,每段5题(共4段)每题1.5分(共30分), 题干长度控制在35个单词以内,听力原文形式或为独白或为对白,每段总长度控制在400一600个单词之间,正常语速听一遍,每段之后留出75秒的时间做答。
b.口译考试
a)考试形式:闭卷(即:不得参阅参考任何资料、任何形式的词典),口试, 分50分。b)考试时间:15-20分钟。
c)题型及其他:英译汉采用段落形式, 以由若干个段落组成, 段落内容可以不同,但翻译总量要控制在200一300个单词之内,考试时间为7～10分钟; 汉译英采用单句形式, 由10-15个单句组成, 句与句之间的内容可以是连贯的也可以是不连贯的, 但翻译总量要控制在350-450个汉字之内,考试时间为7-10分钟。
d)考试形式说明:各省可根据自己的具体情况采用下列两种形式中的任何一种。(1)应考生和考官面对面进行个别面试,每组由2～3位考
官组成, 先考英译汉,再考汉译英; (2)用语音室进行考试,应考生分段/
分句听事先录制好的原文,先考英译汉, 考汉译英。每段/每句之后留
出适当的空隙供应考生口译,口译时间的长短均由录音信号控制, 考生必须在“开始”和“结束”两个信号之间完成有关内容的口译。
c.试题来源及难度比例
a)口译试题选自《口译与听力教程》(全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会组编,辽宁大学出版社出版,杨俊峰主编)范围之内的考题不少于50% (听力试题可自定)。
b)难度比例分易、较易、较难、难四档,比例为2:3:3:2。
四、题型举例
a. 听力
i. section a true/false questions
questions 1 to 10 are based on the following lecture. at the
end of the lecture you will be given 100 seconds to answer the following 10 questions. mark f if the statement is false, t if it is true. remember to mark your answers on the answer sheet provided.
1. the latest figure of canadian population is 27 million.
2. nearly half of the canadian land is covered by forest.
3. you dont really need a heavy coat in vancouver even in winter.
4. the german-speaking population in canada is larger than the ukrainian-speaking population.
5. the less fortunate in canada cant afford to go to a restaurant.…
ii. section b multiple-choice questions (3 options)
questions 1 jo 5 refer to the talk in this section. at the end of the talk, you will be given 75 seconds to answer the following five questions. remember to mark your answers on the answer sheet provided.
1. what is the main topic of the presentation?
a. language and learning.
b. artificial intelligence.
c. the human brain.
2. what is the model for artificial intelligence systems?
a. intelligent behavior.
b. a machine.
c. the human brain.
3. when is an artificial intelligence system better than the human brain?
a. when there is a lot of information to remember and process.
b. when questions need to be answered.
c. when intelligent behavior is neede
d.
…
iii. section c multiple-choice questions (4 options)
questions 1 to 5 refer to the interview in this section. at the end of the interview, you will be given 75 seconds to answer the following five questions. remember to mark your answers on the answer sheet provided.
1. which of the following statements about professor paulson is true?
a. he is a socialist.
b. he has written many books on social classes.
c. he has never visited any other country outside north america.
d. he is well-known in his field.
2. why did he start his lecture with an account of history?
a. to help listener understand better.
b. to show that he has done some homework for the lecture.
c. to illustrate that he is a history.
d. to make clear that people in the past behaved differently.
3. what does the phrase “time off” mean?
a. no more time left.
b. a period of time for rest.
c. unemployment.
d. time set aside for celebration.
4. what does the speaker want to illustrate by the roman example?
a. the romans worked hard.
b. ancient romans were eager to be leaders.
c. even people in the fifth century were keen on having holidays.
d. roman civilization reached the summit in the fifth century.
…
tape script:
i. section a true /false questions (excerpt)
canada is a huge country, in fact one of the largest in the world. yet it has only 26 million people, which is less than half the population of the united kingdom. it extends from the great lakes in the south to the majestic rocky mountains in the west, and the bleak arctic islands in the far north. a third of the country is covered by forest and there are also vast grasslands and countless lakes and rivers.
there are great variations in climate. winters are extremely cold except in vancouver which has a milder climate owing to its location on the west coast, so take a heavy overcoat and a fur hat. canadian summers are warm on the whole, especially inland, so youll only need lightweight clothing.
a quarter of all canadians, mainly those living in the province of quebec in the east, speak french as their first language. in addition, there are half a million american indians, a million germans and smaller numbers of italians, ukrainians and inuit. canada has two official languages: english and french, except in the province of quebec where french alone is the official language. youll find english spoken virtually everywhere apart from quebec and if you plan to visit quebec city, youll definitely need a french phrasebook if you dont speak french.eating out is a pleasure in canada and youll find restaurants, coffee shops and snack bars to suit every pocket. menus offer a wide choice with excellent seafood like pacific salmon, lobsters and clams, meat dishes including moose steaks and beefsteaks, and also a range of ethnic foods. for the sweet course, the specialty is waffles, a kind of thick pancake, served with
maple syrup. beer is good but foreign wines, even those from neighboring america, tend to be quite dear and local wines are not particularly good....
ii. section b multiple-choice questions (excerpt)
artificial intelligence, or ai, is the ability of a machine to exhibit intelligent behavior. artificial intelligence systems are modeled after the human brain. like the brain, an ai system receives information, processes it, and then produces an appropriate action or response. since the 1940s, many specialists, including computer scientists, mathematicians, philosophers, and electrical engineers have tried to make a machine as intelligent as the human brain, but so far no computer even comes close.
ai, however, has proven to be better than the human brain for answering certain types of questions. for example, al seems to be better, and certainly faster, than the human brain for problem solving when you must remember and process a large amount of information. however, ai is still not capable of any type of adaptable, or truly intelligent behavior. so far, ai programs are quite primitive when compared to the kinds of reasoning, language, and learning the human brain can do....
iii. section c multiple-choice questions (excerpt)
professor yang: hello, 1m lynn yang, president of the city series club, and im pleased to
introduce professor paulson to you, our guest speaker from canada. professor paulson is a noted sociologist who specializes in how people use their leisure time. he has written many books on this subject and has given lectures all over the world. this is his second trip to china. welcome, professor paulson.
paulson: thank you ms. yang. im very pleased to be here today. before we begin an analysis of
the ways we spend our leisure time in todays society, i would like to tell you a bit of the history of leisure time. i will talk first about the history of leisure time because i think this historical perceptive will help us understand present-day attitudes a little better.
did you know that the notion of “time off’ is a product of modern industrial society?
yes, with industrialization came factories, and all the factories had time clocks. it was the clock that made the workers aware of their time. they became concerned about how much of their time belonged to the factory owners and how much of it belonged to themselves. in non-industrialized societies, the division between “time on” and “time off” is not as
clear. there are, of course, no time clocks on the farm. but even there youll find plenty of days set aside for celebration, feasting, and rest.
well, as human societies evolved, people began to farm the land. some people became
workers, and others became leaders. ancient people were also eager to set aside time for play. the roman calendar, for example, listed as many as 175 holidays per year at one point in the fifth century. thats about half the year. that sounds great to me. does that appeal to you, too? ....
【篇二：050201英语本科段】
21
【篇三：introduction of interpretation】
class=txt>所用教程：英语中级口译资格证书考试中级口译教程第二版梅德明编著
口译与听力辽宁大学出版社杨俊峰主编
unit one
a brief introduction of this course
1. requirements attendance(20%)/ participation/ notebook
2.difference between interpretation and translation
interpret, interpreter, interpretation
translate, translator, translation
interpret: give a simultaneous spoken translation from one lang to another
translate: esp written in another lang
3. types of interpretation
consecutive/ simultaneous/ sight
4.characteristics and criteria of interpretation
1)unpredictability/unpredictable
limited preparation for example: press conference, biz negotiation
2) intense atmosphere
3) responsibility
minor mistake or error may cause great loss, conflict among biz groups or nations
4)综合运用听说读写视等知识与技能
听--- different local accent, speed
说--- 两种语言的转换
读--- 视译时
写--- short hand
视--- speaker’s facial expression, gesture and emotions
严复的信达雅 faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance
accuracy and fluency
5. requirements of good interpreters/ students
how to improve yourself in this course
1) be alert/quick response, know more about the speaker and the audience, keep the audience in mind,
2) avoid using terminology, turn complex sentences into simpler ones.
3) good listening: understanding is the first step in communitcation.what we have learned in class is different
from what you will hear.
canadian/australian/american/british/african english
not authentic or standard english
4) memory: short term/ long term
5) a good knowledge/command of the target lang and the source lang
6) wide knowledge: law, science, business, politics, culture
7) large vocabulary
8) good speaking habits: ok, en, ah
nos: a. monotone (in particular, in the afternoon after a big lunch. how many times have you sit in a meeting and sb starts to talk in a monotone and he puts you more or less asleep)b. emotions and passionc. talking too rapidlyd. hands in pockets 9) good manner: a. confidence. in order to improve confidence, do as follows: good preparation/ glance at the audience and smile/ open your speech by saying sth like
i am glad to be here today
i am happy/delighted to be talking about
b. nervousness: being nervous is human
techniques to overcome nervousness: breath in as deep as you can and breath out as slow as possible
practice weeks before
(share my experience: to be honest, when i started to give my first three minutes speech, i didn’t just have no licking or
biting of the lips
no finger tapping
no clearing of the throat
c. facial expression
d. gestures
e. eye contact
10) short hand/note-taking
11) preparation/ anticipating the speaker
knowing the specific themes of a conference in advance and obtaining a copy of the agenda, background documents, list of speakers and any prepared speeches available. many speakers prepare their speeches well in advance of delivery and will gladly give or send a copy to an interpreter who takes the trouble to ask for it, even a translation of the speech.
12) every speech has its surprises. and even an experienced interpretor can be caught off guard by a novel idea, an unusual turn of phrase, a breakthrough in a debate, an eccentric speaker, a-spur-of- the- moment argument, an impenetrable accent, a mispronounced key word, a halting delivery, poor sound quality, an obscure reference or acronym, or a deliberately ornate way of saying a perfectly simple thing.
sentence structure
pls, allow me, on behalf of, to express my warm welcome to sb
i’d like to extendearnest welcome
i’d like to take this opportunity to
i want to warmest/sincerest
i’m delighted/ happy/ glad to
it’s a great pleasure/honor for sb to welcome sb on behalf of xx
exercises:
1. first of all, pls allow me, on behalf of the faculty and students of my university, to express our most sincere
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. thanks and warm welcome to your group for your visit to
our university. i want to express my personal earnest welcome to all of you and sincerely hope your visit here will be
rewarding/successful. allow me to express my warm welcome and gracious greetings （亲切的问候）to our american friends. my esteemed governor, my esteemed mayor, the organizing committee筹委会, ladies and gentlmen, it’s my great honor to participate the dalian international fashion festival now i have the pleasure to declare the fifth international culture and arts festival open. in conclusion, i wish the festival a complete success.
《孔雀东南飞》就是汉乐府民歌中纪实性叙事诗的代表作。
汉末建安中，庐江府小吏焦仲卿妻刘氏，为仲卿母所遣，自誓不嫁。 [东汉末建安年间，庐江太守衙门里的小官吏焦仲卿的妻子刘兰芝被
焦仲卿的母亲赶回娘家，她（回娘家后）发誓不再嫁人。]
其家逼之，乃投水而死。[她的娘家逼迫她改嫁，她便投水死了。]
仲卿闻之，亦自缢于庭树。[焦仲卿听到（刘兰芝投水而死）这件事，也在（自家）庭院的树上吊死了。]
时人伤之，为诗云尔。[当时的人哀悼他们。写下这首诗记述这件事。]
孔雀东南飞，五里一徘徊。
[孔雀鸟向东南方向飞去，飞上五里便徘徊一阵。]
“十三能织素，十四学裁衣，十五弹箜篌，十六诵诗书。
[“（我）十三岁能够织精美的白绢，十四岁学会了裁剪衣裳，十五
岁会弹箜篌，十六岁能诵读诗书。]
十七为君妇，心中常苦悲。君既为府吏，守节情不移，贱妾留空房，相见常日稀。
[十七岁做了您的妻子，心中常常感到痛苦的悲伤。您既然做了太守
府的小官吏，遵守官府的规则，专心不移。我一个人留在空房里，
我们见面的日子实在少得很。]
鸡鸣入机织，夜夜不得息。
[ 丑时我就上机织绸子，天天晚上都不得休息。]
三日断五匹，大人故嫌迟。
[三天就织成五匹绸子，婆婆仍然嫌我织得慢。]
非为织作迟，君家妇难为！
[并不是因为我织得慢，（而是）您家的媳妇难做啊！]
猜测练习exercise 1 pretend that you are interpreting the following excerpt of a speech and that a number of words have been obscured by bad pronunciation, conference room noise, or poor sound quality. read out the speech , relying on the context, fill in the gaps in a way that does not distort the meaning of the sentence as a whole. when you have finished, check your performance against the full text of the speech. were your guesses close enough to the original?
it is a great ___ to represent canada here today as we celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the united nations during this general debate.
canada has always been among the strongest supporters of the united nations, not only in word but also in ___. in 1954 we were, through canadian ___ minister mackenzie king, an original signatory of the united nations charter. ambassador john humphreys helped ___ the 1948 united nations universal declaration of human rights. successive canadian ambassadors to the united nations have distinguished themselves in the ___ of the organization, as have countless canadian negotiators in ___ ranging from disarmament to trade to development. in addition, lester b. pearson won a ___ peace prize for his contribution to the success of the united nations
in establishing the first peace-___ operation, in 1956.
it is a great honor to represent canada here today as we celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the united nations during this general debate.
canada has always been among the strongest supporters of the united nations, not only in word but also in deed/action. in 1954 we were, through canadian prime minister mackenzie king, an original signatory( one that has signed a treaty or other document.签约者) of the united nations charter. ambassador john humphreys helped write the 1948 united nations universal declaration of human rights. successive canadian ambassadors to the united nations have distinguished themselves in the service of the organization, as have countless canadian negotiators in areas/subjects ranging from disarmament to trade to development. in addition, lester b. pearson won a nobel peace prize for his contribution to the success of the united nations in establishing the first peace-keeping/making operation, in 1956.
exercise2 outline of your “best guess” about what the speaker is likely to say, based on what you know about the person, the circumstances of the speech, the current issue, and the occasion. then listen to the actual speech and compare it with your notes to see how close your guesses were.
exercise 3 do translation exercise again with a new photocopy. this time blot out the final words of key sentences
in each paragraph. when you do the sight-translation, trying to finish the sentence s in a way that makes sense without altering the main thrust (the essence; the point:本质；要点)of the sentence.
what does a good command of english mean?
by a good command of both languages, i mean one should have no difficulty in using the languages, in particular the foreign language (english), for well-educated people generally do not have problem in using their mother languages. this means one should have no problem in listening, reading, speaking and writing in english. some specific indicators are as follows:
1. one can understand major newspapers in english-speaking countries.
2. one can understand voa(standard), bbc, cnn radio or tv broadcasting.
3. one can express his or her ideas clearly (both orally or in written form) in english.
4. should have some basic knowledge of history, literature, culture, costoms, geography, politics, etc. of english speaking countries and a general knowledge of the other countries in
the world.
5. basic knowledge of other subjects such as economics, sciences and other disiplines.
the list can go on and on.
interpretation skills: note-taking------ using signs and acronyms
一、做口译笔记时的注意事项
1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名
称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“un”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语
abbreviation: unescognpgdpprcdprkiocl.a. rd fdi jv picc it who wto un apec
5yinfedu biz tm
增加+减少-和，与，共同上升下降上扬，渐渐好转
下挫，不断亏损不等于，不意味着属于各种货币符号主张，相信：
因为所以(不)同意 y （n）
cf(compare), co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum),
ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually)
interpretation skills: the interpretation of numbers
the importance of numbers: numbers are everywhere. number about dates, years, time, statistics, figures, population, etc. and in interpretation, the reading and interpreting of large numbers is very important.
点三杠四书写法，即用逗号（，）表示三位数，便于英文表达
用斜杠（/）表四位数，便于汉语表达
read the following numbers both in chinese and in english
727 seven and twenty seven
seven hundred (and) twenty seven
1200 twelve hundred/ one thousand and two hundred
1,97/4,727 1 million 974thousand and 727一百九十七万四千七百二十七
1，1/75，00/0，000 1billion 175million 十一亿七千五百万
1,000,000,000,000 1trillion 一兆（万亿）
56，87/2，009 56million872thousand and nine 五千六百八十七万两千零九
2/67,90/1,000 267million 901thousand 两亿六千七百九十万零一千
中国有劳动力七亿四千万，而欧美所有发达国家的劳动力只有四亿
三千万。中国每年新增劳动力一千万，下岗和失业人口大约一千四
百万，中国面临着巨大的就业压力。中国十三亿人口有九亿农民，
目前没有摆脱贫困的三千万左右。china has a work force of
740million people, but for the developed economics, european countries and u.s. combined, their workforce stands at 430m. and every year we will have an additional 10m new entrants
into the workforce, and the number of laid-off and unemployed workers stands at about 14m. china is now under great
pressure for employment. our population is 1.3 billion, of
which 0.9b are farmers in the countryside, more than 30m are still living under the poverty line.
homework:
1.过多使用修饰词。汉语中经常用很强的副词修饰动词和形容词，
用形容词修饰名词，以加重语气。而译成英语时需要斟酌，不能一
字一字地照译，否则往往强调过头，效果相反，削弱了原文的力量。例如：
我们要继续坚定不移地坚持以经济建设为中心。我们要继续坚定不
移地推进改革开放。我们要继续坚定不移地保持社会稳定。我们要
继续坚定不移地贯彻执行独立自主的和平外交政策。
a. we will continue to unswervingly focus on economic development. we will continue to unswervingly press ahead
with reform and opening-up. we will continue to unswervingly carry out the independent foreign policy of peace. b. we will steadfastly focus on economic development, resolutely press ahead with reform and opening-up, persistently maintain social stability and unswervingly pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.
c. we will unswervingly focus on economic development,
press ahead with reform and opening-up, maintain social stability and pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.
四个坚定不移地全译成unswervingly，这样的英译文不仅不能加重
语气，反而弱化并显得累赘。如果译成不同的副词也不可取，给人
以副词堆砌的感觉。只用一个副词修饰四个动词应该就可以了。
再如：
彻底粉碎completely smash, smash本意就是break completely，已经包含了彻底的意思，加上completely语气反而弱化。
完全征服completely conquer, conquer不可能是partly。
极为可耻extremely shameless，shameless已是最高级。
伟大的历史性转变this is a great historic change。在英语里，historic已经包含了great的意思。
2. 如何避免chinglish
在工作中有意识地记录常用语和老大难的译例。多听外电、大量阅
读英文原著原文，尤其是关于中国的文章，看看外国人对同一个词、同一个事物以及成语如何表达，进行比较研究后择优录取较贴切的
用法，为我所用。（但在借用这些词汇和表达方法时，一定要注意
其政治倾向和不同的上下文）例如：
新世纪即将到来之际，外报、外电中有很多说法，搜集起来，用时
就方便了。
as the new century approaches
on the verge of the new century
at the dawn of the new century
at the threshold of the new century
as the new century is just round the corner
我们在许多不同的场合都用辛苦了一词，而英语国家的人则随着情
况的变化而变换说法。譬如，客人刚抵达时，主人可以说：did you have a good trip？某人辛勤工作后，就可以表扬他：thank you
for your hard work.或youve been working hard! 但这次江主席在检阅部队时说，同志们辛苦了！（还有同志们好！）怎样翻译，我
没有把握。至于同志们好！显然不能译成hello或how are you之类。是否可以译成：salute！也许需要问问外国朋友。
it is a great ___ to represent canada here today as we
celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the united nations during this general debate.
canada has always been among the strongest supporters of
the united nations, not only in word but also in ___. in 1954 we were, through canadian ___ minister mackenzie king, an
original signatory of the united nations charter. ambassador john humphreys helped ___ the 1948 united nations universal declaration of human rights. successive canadian ambassadors to the united nations have distinguished themselves in the ___ of the