经济学热门词语英文翻译
经济学热门词语英文翻译灰市场Grey Market
低碳经济Low-carbon economy
蓝海经济Blue Ocean Economic
奢侈品消费Luxury Consumption
网络经济Network Economy
物业税Property Tax
宏观调控Macroeconomic control
城市化Urbanization
内需Domestic Demand
经济复苏Economic Recovery
长尾理论The Long Tail
中国出口China’s exports
服务外包Services Outsourcing
热钱Hot money
挤出效应Crowding Out Effect
搭便车Free Rider
产业结构调整Industrial Restructuring
高速铁路High-Speed Railway
寻租理论Rent-Seeking Theory
国际油价Petroleum Prices
包容性增长Inclusive Growth
真实汇率Real Exchange Rate
比较优势Comparative Advantage
后危机时代Post-crisis Era
收入差距Income Gap
信息不对称Information Asymmetry
产业集群Industry Cluster
增长极Growth Pole
区域经济一体化Regional Economic Integration
计价货币Money of Account
国际货币体系International Monetary System
国际旅游岛建设The development of International Tourist Destination 中国模式Chinese Model
存款准备金Deposit Reserve
微观经济学Microeconomics
完全理性rational choices
充分信息perfect information
市场出清profit maximization
中心理论central dogma
均衡价格理论Equilibrium price theory
消费行为理论Consumer Behavior theory
一般均衡理论general equilibrium theory
生产理论Production theory
成本理论Cost theory
分配理论Distribution theory
市场均衡理论Market equilibrium theory 产权理论Property rights theory
福利经济学welfare economics
价格理论price theory
消费理论consumption theory
需求理论Demand theory
供求关系Supply and demand
市场理论Market Theory
电子虚拟市场electronic marketplace
偏好理论preference theory
模糊模型fuzzy model
代理理论Agency theory
遗憾理论Regret theory
预期效用理论Expected utility theory
经济人Economic Man
X-非效率X-efficiency
市场失灵Market Failure
最大化理论the maximum principle
博弈论Game Theory
纳什均衡Nash equilibrium
佚名定理Anonymous theorem
集体理性Collective rationality
个体理性Rational individual
完全信息模型Complete information model
沉没成本Sunk Cost
贝特朗均衡Bertrand equilibrium
古诺模型MCournot model
独占理论Exclusive theory
非对称信息环境Asymmetric information environment 信息成本Information cost
证伪主义Falsificationism
纳什均衡Nash Equilibrium
搜索理论Search theory
契约理论Contract Theory
市场分析market analysis
消费者剩余Consumer surplus
效用函数Utility function
市场需求分析Market demand analysis
风险规避risk aversion
边际替代率Marginal rate of substitution
高峰负荷定价Peak-load pricing
迈尔森-萨特思韦特定理Myerson-Satterthwaite theorem 价格分散Price dispersion
机会成本Opportunity cost
市场缺失missing market
完全竞争Perfect competition
生产因子Factors of production
经济效率Economic efficiency
边际价格marginal cost
供求关系supply-demand relation
价格与数量prices and quantities
边际效用曲线marginal utility
购买力purchasing power
边际成本marginal cost
外部经济效果Externalities
成本效益分析cost-benefit analysis
稳定理论firm theory
竞争competition
独占Monopoly
独买Monopsony
寡占Oligopoly
卡特尔Cartel
买方寡占Oligopsony
独占性竞争Monopolistic competition 差别定价Price discrimination
价格吸脂策略Price skimming
马太效应Matthew effect
外部负效应external negative effects
宏观经济学Macroeconomics
国内生产总值GDP
国民收入national income
国民支出national output
物价指数price indices
国民核算National accounts
失业率unemployment rate
马尔萨斯人口论Malthusianism
加速数Accelerator
乘数multiplicator
经济萧条economic depression
基本理论basic theory
凯恩斯理论Keynesianism
消费函数理论Theory of the Consumption Function 投资理论investment theory
货币理论Monetary Theory
经济周期理论economic cycle theory
经济增长理论theory of economic growth
失业理论theory of unemployment
通货膨胀inflation
货币政策monetary policy
货币数量学说quantity theory of money
价格体系price system
货币供应量money supply
票面价值nominal value
财政政策fiscal policy
预算赤字Budget deficit
政府支出Government spending
储蓄Saving
货币赤字Currency deficit
转移性支付transfer payment
有效需求effectual demand
汇率exchange rates
公共债务Public debt
分析模型analytical model
动态随机一般均衡模型Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium 可计算得一般均衡Computable general equilibrium
宏观经济计量模型Macroeconomic model
国际经济International economics
国际金融International finance
金融危机financial crises
经济危机Economic crises
世界银行World Bank
国际收支balance of payments
国际汇兑international exchange
国际结算international settlement
国际信用International Credit
国际投资international investment
国际收支balance of payments
外汇F\X
国际储备international reserves
国际资本流动international capital movement 货币一体化monetary integration
金融市场financial market
国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund 国际贸易international trade
混合经济mixed economies
比较经济体系Comparative economic systems 发展经济学Development economics
结构增长理论Structural-change theory
绝对优势Comparative advantage
自由贸易Free trade
公平贸易Fair trade
欧盟European Union
世界贸易组织World Trade Organization
北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement 东盟ASEAN
贫困与发展Poverty and development
市场保护market protection
贸易收益gains from trade
收入分配income distribution
多马经济增长模型Harrod-Domar Model
外生增长模型Exogenous growth model
过剩劳动力Surplus labor
主权财富基金Sovereign wealth fund
国外投资foreign investment
购买力平价法purchasing power parity
蒙代尔一弗莱明模型Mundell-Fleming model
最优货币区optimum currency area
经济利润Economic profits
贸易支付差额balance of payments
货币联盟currency unions
重分配政策redistributive policies
契约摩擦Contractual frictions
商业主义Mercantilism
资产定价Asset pricing
债券价格bond prices
长期投资long-term invest
国际货币经济international monetary economics
经济思想史History of economic thought
古典政治经济学Classical political economy
新古典经济学Neoclassical economics
凯恩斯经济学Keynesian economics
后凯恩斯经济学Post-Keynesian economics
重商主义mercantile system
历史学派historical school
边际效用学派Marginal Utility School
制度学派Institutional School
货币主义monetarism
经济体系Economic system
虚拟经济Virtual economy
传统经济Traditional economy
生存经济Subsistence economy
社会主义市场经济Socialist market economy
计划经济Planned economy
网络经济Network Economy
自然经济Natural economy
混合经济Mixed economy
市场社会主义Market socialism
知识经济Knowledge Economy 信息经济Information economy 绿色经济Green economy
数字经济Digital Economy
指令性经济Command economy 物物交换经济Barter economy
商务英语翻译英汉词汇大全
商务英语翻译技能等级考试英汉词汇表 （以英语字母顺序排序） 翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5 高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4 助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3 翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+2 A 4 权力委托 5 旷工，旷职 2 绝对配额 3 绝对值 5 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响 3 吸收游资 5 ; 摘要 2 承兑费 2 不记名承兑 3 承兑信用证 3 抽样认可 4 ; 承兑银行 4 进入市场（的机会） 5 意外事故 3 无法控制的意外事故 3 意外事故保险 4 意外损坏 4 设施；住宿；欠单 3 顺民意；合民情 5 会计帐目 4 账户结金 5 账本（账册、账簿） 3 客户经理（常指广告公司） 5 解释；说明 4 账目编号；账户号码 2 结欠清单 5 账户名称 5 会计工作；会计行业 5 会计 5 会计长 5 会计学 3 会计档案 5 往来帐目 2 账目不清
3 应付账 4 应收账 2 ; ; 应付费用 4 累计资本 3 资本积累 2 累计佣金 5 收购 5 行动计划 2 盘活基础设施存量资产 5 畅销 3 出口加工贸易 5 成交活跃的股票 3 ; 贸易顺差 5 业务类型 3 实际成本 4 实际交货 4 时价；实际价格；实价 4 实际全损 2 ( ) 从价税 3 ; 附加费用 4 额外投资 2 附加保险费 2 追加税 2 ; 防范和化解金融风险2 充分需求 4 核算 3 海损理算书 5 ; 实施，经营，行政 4 行政预算；管理预算 2 行政开支；办公费 4 行政保护 5 预付费用 2 a 预付定金 4 预计货样 5 预付工资 4 预收货款 4 规模经营优势 3 贸易逆差 5 公布；做广告 5 广告业 3 通知行 3 信用证转让通知 3 吁请团，游说团体
毕业论文外文翻译模板
农村社会养老保险的现状、问题与对策研究社会保障对国家安定和经济发展具有重要作用，“城乡二元经济”现象日益凸现，农村社会保障问题客观上成为社会保障体系中极为重要的部分。建立和完善农村社会保障制度关系到农村乃至整个社会的经济发展，并且对我国和谐社会的构建至关重要。我国农村社会保障制度尚不完善，因此有必要加强对农村独立社会保障制度的构建，尤其对农村养老制度的改革，建立健全我国社会保障体系。从户籍制度上看，我国居民养老问题可分为城市居民养老和农村居民养老两部分。对于城市居民我国政府已有比较充足的政策与资金投人，使他们在物质和精神方面都能得到较好地照顾，基本实现了社会化养老。而农村居民的养老问题却日益突出，成为摆在我国政府面前的一个紧迫而又棘手的问题。 一、我国农村社会养老保险的现状 关于农村养老，许多地区还没有建立农村社会养老体系，已建立的地区也存在很多缺陷，运行中出现了很多问题，所以完善农村社会养老保险体系的必要性与紧迫性日益体现出来。 （一）人口老龄化加快 随着城市化步伐的加快和农村劳动力的输出，越来越多的农村青壮年人口进入城市，年龄结构出现“两头大，中间小”的局面。中国农村进入老龄社会的步伐日渐加快。第五次人口普查显示：中国65岁以上的人中农村为5938万，占老龄总人口的67.4%.在这种严峻的现实面前，农村社会养老保险的徘徊显得极其不协调。 （二）农村社会养老保险覆盖面太小 中国拥有世界上数量最多的老年人口，且大多在农村。据统计，未纳入社会保障的农村人口还很多，截止2000年底，全国7400多万农村居民参加了保险，占全部农村居民的11.18%，占成年农村居民的11.59%.另外，据国家统计局统计，我国进城务工者已从改革开放之初的不到200万人增加到2003年的1.14亿人。而基本方案中没有体现出对留在农村的农民和进城务工的农民给予区别对待。进城务工的农民既没被纳入到农村养老保险体系中，也没被纳入到城市养老保险体系中，处于法律保护的空白地带。所以很有必要考虑这个特殊群体的养老保险问题。
常用金融英语词汇的翻译知识讲解
常用金融英语词汇的 翻译
常用金融英语词汇的翻译 acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长 have one's "two commas" 百万富翁 hedge against 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户 investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股 mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购
广告英语翻译常用词语
广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment
顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一，信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良，疗效显著，誉满全球，欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods
毕业论文英文参考文献与译文
Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of
毕业论文(英文翻译)排版格式
英文翻译说明 1. 英文翻译文章输成word，5号新罗马（New Times Roman）字体，1.5倍行间距，将来方便打印和一起装订；英文中的图表要重新画，禁止截图。 2. 整篇论文1.5倍行间距，打印时，用B5纸，版面上空2.5cm，下空2cm，左空2.5cm，右空2cm（左装订）。 3. 论文翻译后的摘要用五号宋体，正文小四号宋体、英文和数字用新罗马（New Times Roman）12、参考文献的内容用五号字体。图和表头用五号字体加粗并居中，图和表中的内容用五号字体。论文翻译的作者用五号字体加粗。 论文大标题………小三号黑体、加黑、居中 第二层次的题序和标题………小四号黑体、加黑、居中 第三层次的题序和标题………小四号宋体、加黑、居中 正文……………………………小四号宋体、英文用新罗马12 页码……………………………小五号居中，页码两边不加修饰符 4. 论文中参考文献严格按照下述排版。 专著格式：序号.编著者.书名[M].出版地: 出版社, 年代, 起止页码 期刊论文格式：序号.作者.论文名称[J]. 期刊名称, 年度, 卷(期): 起止页码 学位论文格式：序号.作者.学位论文名称[D]. 发表地: 学位授予单位, 年度 例子: (1).胡千庭, 邹银辉, 文光才等. 瓦斯含量法预测突出危险新技术[J]. 煤炭学报, 2007.32(3): 276-280. (2). 胡千庭. 煤与瓦斯突出的力学作用机理及应用研究[D]. 北京: 中国矿业大学(北京), 2007. (3). 程伟. 煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测及防治技术[M]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学出版社, 2003.
经济新词汇的英语翻译
经济新词汇的英语翻译 Controlling Stake 控制股 Market Segment 分块市场 Marking Budget 营销预算 Specialty Shop 专营商店 Promotion Budget 促销预算 Networks for sales and service 销售和服务网络 Market Demand 市场需求 Brand Recognition 品牌认可/认同 Industrial Complex 工业生产基地/综合体 Marketing Savvy 营销知识/技能 Listed Companies 上市公司 Premium Brands 优质品牌 Distribution Channels 销售渠道 Access to Market 市场准入 Mergers and Acquisitions 兼并与收购，并购 CEPA (Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements)
内地和香港更紧密经贸关系安排 QFII (Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor) 外国机构投资者机制, 意思是指合格的外国投资者制度,是QDII制的反向制度。 QDII (Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors) 认可本地机构投资者机制，是允许在资本帐项未完全开放的情况下，内地投资者往海外资本市场进行投资。 Avian Influenza 禽流感 NPC & CPPCC 两会 3G (Third Generation) Moblie 第三代移动通信 Comparatively Prosperous 小康 Six-Party Talk (DPRK Nuke Talk) 六方会谈（朝鲜核问题会谈） NPL (Non-performing loans) 不良债权 Farmers, Rural Areas, Agriculture Production 三农 Three Greens 三绿 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) 严重急性呼吸系统综合症（非典型性肺炎） Windows Longhorn 微软即将推出的下一代操作系统（长牛角） Little Smart 小灵通（中国网通和中国电信联合推出的移动通信产品，实行单向收费） IPO (Initial Public Offering) 首次公开发行（是公司上市的标志） Sino-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) 中美联合商贸委员会 Floating RMB
常用专业术语翻译
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
英文论文翻译
汲水门大桥有限元模型的分析 By Q. W. Zhang, T. Y. P. Chang,and C. C. Chang 摘要：本文提出的有限元模型修正的汲水门大桥的实施，是位于香港的430米主跨双层斜拉桥。通过三维有限元预测和现场振动测试，对该桥的动力特性进行了研究，。在本文中，建立的有限元模型的更新，是基于实测的动态特性。一个全面的灵敏度研究证明各种结构参数（包括连接和边界条件）的影响是在其所关注的模式进行，根据一组的结构参数，然后选择调整。有限元模型的更新在一个迭代的方式以减少之间的预测和测量频率的差异。最后更新的有限元模型，使汲水门大桥能在良好的协议与所测量的固有频率状态，并可以进行更精确的动态响应预测。 简介： 汲水门大桥（图1），位于大屿山及香港湾岛之间，是世界上最长的斜拉桥，是公路交通和铁路交通两用桥梁。为确保其结构的完整性和操作安全性，桥梁已经配备了一个相当复杂的监测系统，包括仪器参数如加速度传感器，位移传感器，液位传感器，温度传感器，应变计，风速仪（Lau and Wong 1997）。由Chang 等人通过有限元预测和现场振动测量对该桥的动力特性进行了研究（2001）。三维有限元（FE）模型，它是基于非线性弹性梁元件构建的塔和甲板上的桁架单元，电缆，和弹性或刚性连接的连接和边界约束[图1（d）]。桥面，包括钢/混凝土框架结构在大跨度和梯形箱梁的中心部分的剩余部分，是使用一个单一的脊柱通过剪切中心桥面的。由于截面的非整体性，通过一个虚拟的等效单片材料来表示复合甲板。这是通过等效的整体桥面的质量和刚度性能检核的复合甲板了。由Chang证明（1998），对截面模量的计算细节可以通过改变报告发现。电缆，另一方面，使用的是线性弹性桁架单元模拟。非线性效应由于电缆张力和下垂的电缆进行线性化，采用弹性刚度等效模量的概念考虑。有限元模型包括464个梁单元，176个桁架单元，和615个节点，总共有1536个自由度。 一般的有限元建模，给出了该桥的物理和模态特性进行详细的描述，而现场振动测试则是作为（理想化的）有限元模型评估基础信息的重要来源。有限元计算结果与现场振动试验表明在自然频率合理的相关性和桥的振型。然而，在预测
翻译常用词汇
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
论文中英文翻译
An Analysis of Cooperative Principles and Humorous Effects in Friend s 合作原则的分析和在朋友的幽默效应 Humor is a very intriguing and fascinating phenomenon of human society, which is multidimensional, complex and all pervasive. Therefore, many scholars and experts at all times and in all over the world have done profound research on humor. 幽默是人类社会的一个非常有趣和引人入胜的现象，这是多方面的，复杂和无孔不入的。所以，在任何时候，在世界各地的许多学者和专家总是对幽默进行深入的研究。 The significant functions of humor have aroused the interest of many scholars. About 2,000 years ago, people began the research on humor. However, the study of humor is not a simple task for the reason that it is an interdisciplinary science drawing upon a wide range of academic disciplines including biology, psychology, sociology, philosophy, geography, history, linguistics, literature, education, family science, and film studies and so on. Moreover, there are different reasons and purposes for humor. One may wish to be sociable, cope better, seem clever, solve problems, make a critical point, enhance therapy, or express something one could not otherwise express by means of humor. 显著幽默的功能已引起许多学者的兴趣。大约在2000年前，人们对幽默开始研究，然而，这项幽默的研究不是一个简单的任务，理由是它是一个跨学科的科学绘图在各种各样的学科，包括生物学、心理学、社会学、哲学、地理、历史、语言、文学、教育、家庭科学和电影研究等。此外，幽默有不同的原因和目的，人们可能希望有点大男子主义，随机应变，似乎是聪明，解决问题，使一个临界点，加强治疗，或表达的东西不能以其他方式表达幽默的方式。 Within the 20th century, linguistics has developed greatly in almost every area of the discipline from sounds, words and sentences to meaning and texts. Meanwhile, linguistic studies on humor have also extended considerably to social, cultural, and pragmatic concerns. One of the most noticeable achievements in linguistics over the
毕业论文外文翻译模版
长江大学工程技术学院 毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 外 文 题 目 Matlab Based Interactive Simulation Program for 2D Multisegment Mechanical Systems 译 文 题 目 二维多段机械系统基于Matlab 的 交互式仿真程序 系 部 化学工程系 专 业 班 级 化工60801 学 生 姓 名 李泽辉 指 导 教 师 张 铭 辅 导 教 师 张 铭 完 成 日 期 2012.4.15 顶层配置在管路等，要求设备，所有设要求，对调整使案，编是指机确保机组中资料试
外文翻译 二维多段机械系统基于Matlab 的交互式仿真程序 Henryk Josiński, Adam ?witoński, Karol J?drasiak 著；李泽辉 译 摘要：本文介绍了多段机械系统设计原则，代表的是一个模型的一部分的设计系统，然后扩展 形成的几个部分和模型算法的分类与整合的过程，以及简化步骤的过程叫多段系统。本文还介绍了设计过程的二维多段机械系统的数字模型，和使用Matlab 的软件包来实现仿真。本文还讨论测试运行了一个实验，以及几种算法的计算，实现了每个单一步骤的整合。 1 简介 科学家创造了物理模型和数学模型来表示人类在运动中的各种形式。数学模型 使创建数字模型和进行计算机仿真成为可能。模型试验，可以使人们不必真正的实 验就可以虚拟的进行力和力矩的分解。 本文研究的目的是建立一个简单的多段运动模型，以增加模型的连续性和如何 避免不连续为原则。这是创建一个人类运动模型系统的冰山一角。其使用matlab 程 序包创建的数字模型，可以仿真人类运动。 文献中关于这一主题的内容很广泛。运动的模式和力矩的分解在这些文献中都 有涉猎。动态的平面人体运动模型，提出了解决了迭代矩阵的方法。还值得一提的 是这类项目的参考书目，布鲁贝克等人提出了一个模型——人腿模型，这个以人的 物理运动为基础的平面模型仿真了人腿——一个单一的扭簧和冲击碰撞模型。人腿 模型虽然简单，但是它展示人类的步态在水平地面上的运动特征。布鲁贝克等人还 介绍，在人腿模型的双足行走的基础上，从生物力学的角度而言，符合人体步行的 特征。这个模型具有一个躯干，双腿膝盖和脚踝。它能够合理的表现出人多样的步 态风格。一个仿真人类运动的数学模型反应出了人的部分运动状态。 图1. 力的分解 2 力的分解
2019英语四级翻译常用词汇：教育词汇
2019英语四级翻译常用词汇：教育词汇 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college) entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate
论文外文翻译
Analysis of the role of complaint management in the context of relationship marketing Author: Leticia Su′arez ′Alvarez, University of Oviedo, Spain Abstract This research aims to contribute to the relationship-marketing strategy by studying the role of complaint management in long-term relationships. Two factors distinguish it from other studies: it takes into account two types of customers, consumers and firms, and the result variable selected is the probability of ending an ongoing relationship. Two questionnaires were designed for every population. One of them was auto-administrated to a sample of consumers in the north of Spain, and the other one was sent to a representative sample of Spanish firms. The data analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. The findings confirm the importance that theory accords to the relationship-marketing strategy, and also provide evidence for the importance of complaint management. Thus having a good complaint-handling system and trained and motivated staff who are fully committed to the firm’s objectives are fundamental requisites for firms to be able to build a stable customer portfolio. Keywords complaint management; relationship marketing; relationship termination; trust; satisfaction Introduction Nowadays, the main task for tourism firms is undoubtedly to deliver superior value to customers. One way that these firms can achieve part of this value is by maintaining quality relationships with their customers. In fact, it is well known that managing these relationships is critical for achieving corporate success. Thus the general aim of the present research is to analyze the most important factors that contribute to relationship stabilization between tourism firms and their customers. This research canters on retail travel agencies. We chose this particular type of tourism firm for two reasons. First, competition between retail travel agencies is becoming much more intense, fundamentally due to the advent of the Internet as an alternative distribution channel for tourism services (Wang & Cheung, 2004). The second reason is the current phenomenon of disintermediation, or the tendency of some tourism service providers to contact the end-customer directly. Because of these two developments, retail travel agencies urgently need to develop a strategy that allows them to maintain a stable portfolio of customers over time if they are to remain in the market for the long term. In order to achieve the proposed objective, we set out a causal model that incorporates a number of factors that can condition the future of the relationships between travel agencies and their customers. Specifically, we chose two variables that