动词

动词
动词

动词是表示动作、行为、存在、心理活动或发展变化的词,能带宾语,一般不受程度副词修饰,主要充当句子的谓语。

动词的语法特征:

①动词的语法功能

动词在句中主要充当谓语或谓语中心。例如:

那座年久失修的老房子塌了。

故障排除了。

我们明天出发。

绝大多数动词能带宾语。例如:

买饭作画挖坑蒸馒头看电影盖房子说英语装箱子

喜欢唱歌打太极拳展开调查自愿献血热爱劳动

②不受程度副词修饰

动词可以受“不”、“都”等副词修饰,但动词一般不受程度副词“很”、“太”等修饰。例如:

批评:不批评/都批评——*太批评/*很批评

学习:不学习/都学习——*很学习/*太学习

发生:不发生/都发生——*太发生/*很发生

存在:不存在/都存在——*很存在/*太存在

只有表示心理活动的动词和一部分能愿动词能受程度副词修饰。例如:

(很)爱(很)怕(很)能(很)会

(很)希望(很)羡慕(很)讨厌(很)喜欢

(很)可能(很)应该(很)愿意(很)可以

③后面能带动态助词

动词后面能带动态助词“着”、“了”、“过”。例如:

他总是躺着看书。

脸在被角下面痛苦地抽搐着。

他无奈地叹了一口气。

小时候他上过几年学。

④动词的重叠形式

动词重叠表示动作的短暂尝试状态,动作的时量短或动量小。

单音节动词按AA式重叠,第二个音节读轻声。例如:

走—走走坐—坐坐看—看看听—听听

读—读读想—想想说—说说念—念念

双音节动词按ABAB式重叠,第二、四两个音节读轻声。例如:

商量—商量商量活动—活动活动调查—调查调查

讨论—讨论讨论休息—休息休息回忆—回忆回忆

研究—研究研究打扫—打扫打扫整理—整理整理

少数动词可以按AABB式重叠,突出表示动作的状态。例如:

唠叨—唠唠叨叨说笑—说说笑笑打闹—打打闹闹

⑤能用肯定否定方式提问。

例如:

走—走不走看—看不看坐—坐不坐怕—怕不怕

买—买不买去—去不去是—是不是听—听不听

双音节动词在用肯定否定方式提问时,有两种方式:

喜欢——喜欢不喜欢休息——休息不休息——喜不喜欢——休不休息应该——应该不应该愿意——愿意不愿意——应不应该——愿不愿

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1.以break为中心的词组 break away from 脱离,逃离 break down 破坏,粉碎;瓦解;出故障,抛锚 break in 闯进,打断;使顺服 break into 闯入;强行进入;突然开始 break out 爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚 break the law 违反法律 break the record 破记录 break one’s promise 失言 break up 开垦,破碎;解散,分开,分解 2. 以catch为中心的词组 be caught doing 被发现做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车 catch a cold 伤风,感冒 catch one’s word 听懂某人的话 catch sight of 发现,瞥见 catch up with 赶上,追及,追上 3. 以come为中心的词组 come across 偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付 come along 一道来,陪伴;进步,进展;出现 come at 达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击 come back 回来;恢复,复原 come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come from 来自,起源于,从~~产生,生于 come in 进来,进入;流行起来;获名次 come into being 发生,产生,出现,形成 come into power 开始执政,当权,当选 come into use 开始使用,获得应用 come on 上演;开始;赶快;发展;登台;(问题)被提出 come out 出来,传出;出版;结果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露 come to 苏醒,复原;共计;达到;归结于 come to an end 终止,结束 come to know 开始了解到 come true 实现,成为现实;证实 come up 走近;上楼;长出,发芽 4. 以do为中心的词组 be done in 精疲力竭 be done with 完全结束 do a good deed 做一件好事 do away with 去掉,废除;弄死;浪费 do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于 do harm to (=do sb. harm) 有害于 do its work 有效,有作用 do much 极有用 do wrong to 做错 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力 do one’s homework 做作业 do one’s utmost 尽力而为 do proud 足以使~~骄傲 do sb. justice 公平对待某人do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞卫生 do sb. a favor 帮助某人 do well in 学得不错,干得漂亮 do with 和~~相处,忍受,处理 do without 不需要,不用 do wonders 创造奇迹 have much to do with 和~~很有关系 have nothing to do with 与~~无关 have something to do with 和~~有关 in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下 That will do. 行了;够了 5. 以get为中心的词组 get about 徘徊,走动,旅行;流传 get above oneself 自视高傲 get accustomed to 习惯于,对~~习以为常 get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使理解 get ahead of 胜过,超过 get along 前进,进步;同意;离去 get along with 与~~相处 get at 发现,了解;掌握;攻击 get away 离开,逃脱 get back 取回,回来;报复 get behind 落后;识破 get down 咽下;写下;使沮丧,使抑郁 get down to 认真对待,静下心来 get familiar with 熟悉 get hold of 获得,取得 get home 到家 get in 进入,陷入;牵涉 get off 送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身 get on 上车;穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处 get upon with 进步;在~~方面获得成功 get one’s hand in 熟悉;习惯 get out of 由~~出来,从~~得出;避免;退休 get over 越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成 get ready for 为~~作准备 get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱 get through 到达,完成,通过;及格 get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见 get up 起床,起立;研究,钻研;致力于;安排,组织 get used to 习惯于 have got to do 不得不,必须 6. 以give为中心的词组 be given to 沉溺于,癖好 give about 分配;传播 give and take 相互迁就 give away 赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发 give back 归还 give cause 给予~~的理由 give ear to 侧耳倾听 give forth 发出,放出;发表 give in 屈服,让步,投降 give in to 同意,接受;向~~让步

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burst into tears / laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑burst out迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 3.以 bring为中心的词组(较少) bring about导致,引起,促使 bring back带回,使回忆,使恢复 bring down使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落 bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行bring up抚养,养育,培养,使停止 bring in 把..带进来,引进,挣得(收入) bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走 bring on 导致,引起,使发展,提出(论点) bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产 bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期 4.以call为中心的词组 call at访问(某地),停泊在

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Урок 1 1.мигать \\ мигн`уть 2.кружить 3.набить \\ набив`ать 4.обойтись \\ обход`иться 5.разделить \\ раздел`ять 5. увел`ичиться \\ увел`ичиваться 6.возрасти \\ возраст`ать 7.сократиться \\ сокращ`аться 8.внедр`ить \\ внедр`ять 9.оперировать , -рую, -руешь; 10.ломать голову 11.иметь дело 12.рано или поздно 13.в виде 14.уск`орить \\ ускор`ять 15.проделать \\ прод`елывать

16.совершенствовать \\ усоверш`енствовать 17.увел`ичить \\ увел`ичивать 18.взрослеть \\повзросл`еть 19.умнеть\\ поумн`еть 20.держать 21.уменьш`ить \\ уменьш`ать 22.механизировать〔完,未〕 23.преврат`иться \\ превращ`аться 24.пестр`ить〔未〕 25.подверг`аться \\ подв`ергнуться 26.по праву 27.размышлять 28.ориентироваться〔完,未〕 29.разыск`ать \\ раз`ыскивать 30.набрать\\ набир`ать 31.св`ерить \\ свер`ять 32.вложить \\ влаг`ать〈旧〉或вкл`адывать

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