考研英语(二)阅读理解技巧——主旨题

考研英语(二)阅读理解技巧——主旨题
考研英语(二)阅读理解技巧——主旨题

考研英语(二)阅读理解技巧——主旨题

题型特点

文章的主旨和大意往往是对考生综合阅读能力的考查。

在测试中,经常以下列问题形式提出:

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

段落主旨题:

What is the main idea of the paragraph?

段首、段尾句常考在短文中第一段首句或末段末句。这往往是文章中心思想的表达处,有时某一段的段首或段尾句是该段的主题句。

解题技巧

主旨就是中心词 + 论点或者态度或者建议行动内容

A.这个中心词经常在首段出现,而且在每个段落的首句中反复重复,而且甚至在题干和选项中不断替换。中心词有时被同义替换。先看题干,划出重复率最高的词,如果看不出来,则要直接快速扫描5道题的20个选项划出重复率最高的2-3 个词,回原文精读首段,并把首段和每段首句穿成一条线,看刚才划的词哪个才是真正的文章的中心词,并整体考虑文章究竟在宏观上讨论什么。

B. 若段中出现转折时,该转折句很可能就是主题句

C. 首段出现疑问句时,对该疑问的解答就是主旨

D. 主旨出现时常伴有转折,总结性副词: but, however, therefore, in short,in summary,in conclusion, so, thus, therefore.

答案特点

正确答案:

1. 含有的中心词几乎在文章的每段的首句都被反复的重复

2. 正确选项一般不只含有中心词,核心词,还含有作者的观点,态度,或作者认为正确的举措。

错误答案:

1. 往往是文章的细节甚至是文章某个段落的主旨,缺乏文章的整体性。

2. 错误选项的特点是就事论事,或细节信息鲜明,无观点态度。

最佳解题方法:排除法

例:

One of the most pressing challenges that the United States--- and indeed, the world--- will face in the next decades is how to relieve the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment. The consequences are just too great to ignore. Wildlife habitats(栖息地) are being degraded or disappearing altogether as new development take up

more land. Plant and animal species are becoming extinct at a greater rate now than at any time in Earth’s history. As many as 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks are over-exploited. And the list goes on.

Yet, there is reason to have hope for the future. Advances in computing power, molecular biology and other technologies are helping researchers to gain a better understanding of these problems.

1. the author chiefly emphasizes throughout the passage______.

A. the role technology could play in environmental research

B. the role of science in prevention environmental damage

C. the extent of damage humans have brought on the environment

D. the need for more federal funding of environmental scientific research

4. 作者想通过这篇文章主要强调_______

A. 科技可以在环保研究起作用

B. 科学在预防环境破坏方面的作用

C. 环境遭到人类破坏的程度

D. 环境科学研究需要政府提供更多的资金

答案:A

题型:主旨题

解析:文章的前面虽然提到美国将要面对的一些压力和挑战,但是第二段,直接出现转折词yet,转移文章的中心,后面讲解的都是yet后面强调的内容,即先进的科技可以帮助研究者更好理解这些环境问题。故答案是A。

如何突破考研英语阅读细节题

如何突破考研英语阅读细节题 由历年考研英语真题可知,阅读理解部分的试题中,大多数是针对段落的细节设计的,其目的是为了测试考生对组成段落的主体部分的理解。在每年的考试中,细节题的数量是最多的,大约占50%,其中涉及对文章中复杂句,列举,例证,引用,转折,因果关系等的处理,因此做好这类题至关重要。那么,xx年考研英语如何做好阅读细节题? 另外,细节题的测试在另一方面也可以考察考生对段落结构的理解程度,哪些是辅助论点,哪些是主要脉络,只有对这些细节有一定的了解,我们才能更深入地领会文章。文章的细节并不是孤立的,它总要与其他事实前后呼应,一般来说,作者总会把同等性质的事实放在一起,并借助不同的衔接手段进行组合,从而达到说服读者或阐明观点的目的。其提问方式不外乎有以下几种: The author provides following examples except …? Aording to the author, all of the following are true except (that)____. Which is among the best possible ways to…? Which of the following would NOT be an example____? Which of the following is the LEAST likely…? 对于细节题我们要从词义与语法(句法)着手,从这个角度来说,此类考题又可被细划分以下几个次范畴: 1)因果标志语 表因果关系的标志词可具体分为:

a.表原因 because of, since, for, as, now that, seeing that, owing to, caused by, the main reason for…is b. 表结果 hence, thus, so, therefore, consequently, as a consequence, aordingly, for that reason 2)结论标志语 in general, generally speaking, in short, in a word, to be brief in all, in simple words 3) 转折与对比题 but, however, nevertheless, otherwise, dissimilarly, unlike, on the contrary, in contrast, in opposition to, on the opposite side 4) 比较类型标记语 similarly, likewise, in similar fashion, in similar way, in the same matter, just as 5) 列举标志语 one… another…still another, first…second…third 6) 举例标志语 for example, as an example, as an instance, take…as an example, let me cite… as a proof 细节题举例说明 xx年Passage 1 Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing aumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science

考研英语阅读满分实用技巧

考研英语阅读满分实用技巧

————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:

阅读40分高分研究(较长但务必认真读完收获一定良多以后做到阅读就不怕) 本人花万元报名参加北京一内部考研辅导班,该辅导班考前会发布押题,押题命中率百分之90左右,去年该培训班考生全部高分过线。如果需要发布的押题可以联系我QQ673351717免费索取来者不拒一一发布希望大家都能顺利高分通过研考 考研与高考、各类出国考试(TOEFL、GRE、GMA T等)被认为是改变中国学生人生命运的三大考试。英语一直是筛选学生人选硕士研究生的最权威尺度,考研外语录取最低分数线(50~60分)的通过率被严格地控制在15~18%,一个的命运与其外语能力,在这里更确切地说是与考研英语能力(注意,有人的外语水平不低,但考研英语成绩却不理想)息息相关。阅读理解与考研英语 长期以来考研英语阅读理解部分的教与学总是处于一种尴尬状态之中。 一方面,人人知道它的重要性:阅读理解占研究生入学考试英语总分的50%,每道阅读题分值为2分,往往因一念之差,选错一题,就会痛失2分,需要提醒大家注意的是,有的时候半分就能决定成败。 站在更深的层次,考研英语虽然从形式上分为词汇、语法、改错、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译和作文等几部分,但归根结底都是在变相地考阅读理解。所谓完形填空无非是把阅读理解的文章去掉若干个词,要求您在阅读理解的基础上补缺;翻译就是把阅读理解文章选出几句话来,同样需要您在阅读理解的前提下,用通顺甚至是华丽的汉语表达一下而已;词汇和语法都要求在对题干句阅读理解的基础上,再结合词汇及语法的具体特点才能作出最佳选择,而我们许多同学做词汇、语法题目时,非常重视词汇和语法的自身特点,却忽视了对于题干句语义的理解,这是非常简单而又常见的错误,当然也是这类题目准确率不高的一个主要原因;阅读理解不过关,作文也受到直接影响。阅读是别人写的文章让您读,而作文是自己写文章让别人看,别人写的文章您看不懂,头脑里没有素材、没有模型,自己笔下何来好文章。对于广大考生而言,阅读理解部分完成的好坏关系研究生入学考试的成败,阅读理解过关等于研究生入学考试轻松了一大半。 但另一方面,考生大量背诵篇章,拼命作题,外加分析、总结,经过长期不懈的努力后,结果收效甚微。通常情况下,有很多考生阅读理解分数可以达到20至25分,但超过35分的同学却廖廖无几。 新与旧 我认为一本书的新旧不在于其形式、不在于是否在其封面上打上2000年版或3000年版的标志,而在于其内容,在于其思想是否领先于那个时代,一个伟大思想辉煌时代的到来往往是在这个思想的创造者死后的半个或一个世纪——这就是人类的历史! 本书力排对着答案讲题、将阅读当成翻译来讲解的传统弊端,从分析应试高手心得出发,精研历年考研阅读理解试题,深入体会和理解真题的题型与思路;充分考虑到中国学生的实际水平和常见错误,针对各类题型为考生提供一套实用操作性很强的技巧和方法,提高考生临场实战能力,为未来的考试做好准备,这是同类书籍中的独家做法!同时也避免了考研讲解传统上的事后明白——“马后炮”的缺陷。要知道看了答案,再查词典,人人都会讲考研。 考生难点分析 根据考生水平的水同,一般存在如下三种问题: *部分考生读不懂文章,对于复杂句尤其是长句、多义词及难词理解有误。这些考生的英语阅读的基本功还有待提高。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三)

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They

2018考研英语阅读:如何解答主旨题

2018考研英语阅读:如何解答主旨题 教育部考试中心颁布的考研英语大纲明确规定:考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%),还应能读懂与本人学习或工作相关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料,考生应能: 1)理解主旨要义; 2)理解文中的具体信息; 3)理解文中的概念性含义; 4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申; 5)根据上下文推测生词的含义; 6)理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系; 7)理解作者的意图、观点或态度; 8)区分论点和论据。 由此可知,考研英语客观试题的第一个考查目标就是要求考生理解文章的主旨要义,顾名思义,就是要求考生清楚一篇文章是围绕什么中心展开的,或者文章的写作目的;另外,除了文章中心,还包括段落中心。 一、主旨题考查频率 阅读涉及到的具体题型有几类,命题人对考生阅读能力的考查最直接体现在主旨大意题上,平均每年考查数量是2-3道,其难度不高,属于必得分点;但是考生千万不要因此而放松这种能力的锻炼,因为,理解主旨要义更重要的意义在于,把握了文章的主旨大意,考生才能进行有效阅读,才能准确的区分论点论据,不至于被淹没到大量的细枝末节中;而每篇阅读理解文章题目的命制都是围绕文章的主旨要义,近90%的题目都间接考查到了理解主旨要义。因为英语阅读考查的核心是考察考生对所阅读文章的理解能力,而这一点是通过对文章中心的理解加以体现,所以主旨题之外的其他题型也是对文章中心的一个侧面说明,因此我们说90%以上的阅读题目在答题时要以中心为导向,同时兼顾原文的忠实性。 二、主旨题解题方法 考研阅读文章主旨要义的确定方法相对固定。其具体应对方法如下: 1. 关注文章各段首句,尤其是第一段首句。这一点充分体现了西方人的思维习惯对语言的影响,西方人属于直线式思维模式,习惯于开门见山的表达自己的观点,然后通过各种论述方法论证自己的观点。因此通常情况下,文章首段首句是文章的中心句,各段首句是段落中心句。 2. 关注文章首段末句或是第二段首句。这类文章一个显著的特点是,作者先说明一个现象或讲述一个事件;在该段末,作者针对这个现象提出相应的观点。这类文章的首段有一个显著的特点,作者在说明现象和讲述事件的时候通常使用描述性语言和记叙性语言;而在段末句或是第二段首句出现的文章论点通常是议论性语言。 3. 注文章首段或其他段落中表示转承,因果的句子。通常情况下,首段出现这样的句子,要么是中心句,要么与中心密切相关;而在文章其他段落出现这样的句子通常为段落主旨

2016考研英语阅读:如何解答细节题

广大考生请注意:为了帮助广大考生顺利通过2016年研究生入学考试,勤思考研隆重推出考研公共课(政治和英语)的全面辅导,为你扫除考研道路上的一切障碍。我们会在第一时间为广大考生搜集整理2016年考研英语复习资料及相关信息,敬请大家关注! 2016考研英语阅读:如何解答细节题 由历年考研英语真题可知,阅读理解部分的试题中,大多数是针对段落的细节设计的,其目的是为了测试考生对组成段落的主体部分的理解。在每年的考试中,细节题的数量是最多的,大约占50%,其中涉及对文章中复杂句,列举,例证,引用,转折,因果关系等的处理,因此做好这类题至关重要。 另外,细节题的测试在另一方面也可以考察考生对段落结构的理解程度,哪些是辅助论点,哪些是主要脉络,只有对这些细节有一定的了解,我们才能更深入地领会文章。文章的细节并不是孤立的,它总要与其他事实前后呼应,一般来说,作者总会把同等性质的事实放在一起,并借助不同的衔接手段进行组合,从而达到说服读者或阐明观点的目的。其提问方式不外乎有以下几种:The author provides following examples except … According to the author, all of the following are true except (that)____. Which is among the best possible ways to…? Which of the following would NOT be an example____? Which of the following is the LEAST likely…? 对于细节题我们要从词义与语法(句法)着手,从这个角度来说,此类考题又可被细划分以下几个细类: 1. 因果标志语 表因果关系的标志词可具体分为: 1)表原因 because of, since, for, as, now that, seeing that, owing to, caused by, the main reason for…is 2)表结果 hence, thus, so, therefore, consequently, as a consequence,

考研英语(一)阅读技巧总结

考研英语(一)阅读技巧总结 俗话说:“前人栽树,后人乘凉”,我们做任何事不能闭门造车,备考考研英语也是同样的道理,我们要学会寻找技巧方法,吸取前人的经验教训,进而才能更好的准备我们的考研英语考试。 之前我在准备考研英语考试时,咨询过很多学长学姐,再加上我个人的一些体验,总结了如下技巧(主要是针对考研英语一阅读)一、素材来源 好多同学买到真题就立即上手做,但从未了解过,真题是来源于哪些杂志文章啊,以及它会涉及哪些方面的内容啊,我们只有了解了这些才能做到心中有数,做起题来也更有方向感,其实,考研英语阅读和完形填空的真题文章有一半以上的都来源于英国的著名杂志《经济学人》,这个老牌的英文杂志涵盖的方面比较广泛,包括经济、政治、文化、科技、历史等诸多方面的话题。 二、阅读能力提高 阅读能力的测试包括阅读速度,理解程度以及记忆能力等。要想获得满意的考研英语成绩,最根本的方法就是提高词汇量,加强阅读训练,同时熟悉一些阅读技巧和做题方法也是至关重要的,每个人都有自己做题的一套方法,也各有所取,个人比较偏向于快速浏览,选取关键词的方法,做阅读题时,我们尤其要避免以下几点:第一、不忠于原文,主观选择答案。尤其对比较熟悉的题材或有个人习惯看法的问题往往容易以自己的主观看法代替作者的观点。 第二、问题简单化,粗心以及一些不良的阅读习惯。研究生的阅读题比六级要难一些,一般情况下文章的中心思想比较隐含,不会放在每段的第一句,答案不会在文章中直接给出。 第三、做完题缺少检查。对感觉把握不大或较难的试题,尤其是概括归纳题,作者意图题等在做完后要根据全文和问题的答案,看是否有矛盾,是否符合逻辑。 以上就是个人的经验总结,希望对同学们有帮助,最后,再推

2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案(2)

2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案(2) The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were — reptiles or birds — are among the questions scientists have puzzled over. Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body. The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.

考研英语阅读理解试题解题方法及步骤

考研英语阅读理解试题解题方法及步骤 考研可以说是人生的一个转折驿站,一次改变命运的艰辛历练。作为考研路上的重要科目--英语,也成为不少考生脚下的牵绊石,而占分数比重的阅读理解,自然也是考试中的重头戏,能否巧妙的用对技巧,灵活应答,成为考生研路中的棘手问题,下面我们就层层推进,分析一下阅读的方法技巧和步骤攻略,揭开这层久未露面的神秘面纱。 一、阅读方法 阅读文章基本方法有3种,一是略读,二是精读,三是寻读。略读是一种快速阅读方法,在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主要事实。精读则是仔细阅读每句话,理解分析其含义,弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系,进而理解整个段落的意思。而寻读则是通过目光扫视,迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。考试中3种基本方法可以用在不同的情况。通过略读,我们可以了解材料的结构安排和主要信息,利用精读我们可以针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的解析,而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。 二、阅读步骤 第一步:略读短文把握方向 用尽量短的时间扫视短文,特别留意每段的第一句和末段的最后一句。因为各段的主题句往往在句首,而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略读的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意,做到对全文的内容心中大致有数,有一个思考的方向。 第二步:浏览问题有的放矢 浏览5个问题,揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相关部分。由于对所问问题及文章主旨都已了解,在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪些地方可一带而过甚至跳过不读。所有问题都是根据文章内容提出的,基本反映并覆盖了文章的主要内容。先阅读问题再阅读全文,这种方法的优点是:可在较短的时间内有针对性地阅读相关内容,便于给相关问题定位,有的放矢,事半功倍。 第三步:分析判断确定答案 在完成上面两步的基础上,对5个问题逐一解答。需要注意的是:要是文章内容涉及自己熟悉的题材和知识范畴,在选项时绝对不能单凭自己的主观判断解决问题。因为文章考的是你对该篇的阅读理解能力,而不是你的某种知识,因此选项不能脱离文章的题意。 对于英语水平相对较低,阅读速度较慢的考生来说,我们建议不妨直接从第二步开始:先浏览所有5道题的题目,对文章所涉及的内容有个粗略的估计或了解,然后逐一解答。先寻读文章的相关部分,然后选择正确答案。如遇到有关文章主旨大意或需要推理的题,可先放一放,等做完其他题再做这类题。先难后易,各个击破。 另外,在阅读过程中,不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语(主题句,关键词)下面划线,标上符号,这样有助于突出重点,活跃思维,同时也便于阅读,节省时间,使阅

2018考研英语冲刺阶段阅读细节题解题秘诀

2018考研英语冲刺阶段阅读细节题解题 秘诀 首先,根据题干关键词,回文定位。细节题一定考察考生对于文中某一细节信息的具体理解,因此根据关键词精确回文定位是解题之关键。考生只要能精确回文定位,细节题已经成功了一半。 其次,准确理解定位句。由于细节题必定考察文章当中的某一具体信息,而不是我们的常识,所以考生要重点分析这个定位句。但是,有时候答案并不是蕴含于一个句子,而是在定位句的前一句或者后一句。 最后,和选项进行精确比对,直击答案。一般来说,细节题的正确答案是一定是原文信息的同义改写。因此,考生能否准确理解定位句和进行同义改写决定其在细节题的成败。 下面以最近2012-2014年真题为例,为大家详细剖析细节题解题秘诀。 真题:2014年Text 1 26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to _______. [A] the growing demand from clients [B] the increasing pressure of inflation [C] the prospect of working in big firms [D] the attraction of financial rewards During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. 【直击答案】根据题干A lot of students take up law as their profession due to,可以定位至该段第二句,其中 A lot of students take up law as their profession是more students to pile into law schools的同义改写。准确理解定位句“The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.”(最好的律师挣钱极多,这吸引更多的学生想要挤进法学院。)由此可以判断很多学生从事法律史由于“律师挣钱极多”。题干中due to是文中tempting的改写。因此,选项D the attraction of financial rewards(金钱回报的吸引)是原文The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money的改写。 真题:2013年Text 1 21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her _______. [A] lack of imagination [B] poor bargaining skill [C] obsession with high fashion [D] insensitivity to fashion In the 2006 film version ofThe Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by

考研英语新东方范猛老师阅读理解解题技巧

一.考研阅读的基本解题思路:(四步走) 第一,扫描提干,划关键项。 第二,通读全文,抓住中心。 1.通读全文,抓两个重点: ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题); ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读,有重点的读) 2.抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题: ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么? ②文章中有无提到核心概念? ③作者的大致态度是什么? 第三,仔细审题,返回原文。(仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的某处建立联系,挂起钩)定位原则: ①通常是由题干出发,使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词:大写字母、地名、时间、数字等) ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的,一般每段对应一题。 ★要树立定位意识,每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四,重叠选项,得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1. 通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项,抓住选项中的关键词,把选项定位到原文的某处比较,重叠选项,选出答案。 2.作题练习要求:要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由(高中的时候大家都这样做的) 二.阅读理解的解题技巧 1.例证题: ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。 ②返回原文,找出该例证所在的位置,既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域,90%向上,10%向下,找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意:举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点,并与四个选项比较,得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是:就事论事。即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。 要求:在阅读中,遇到长的例子,立即给这个例子定位,即找出起始点,从哪开始到哪结束。 2.指代题: ①返回原文,找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索,找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找,找不到再找次近的,一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词,看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较,找出最佳答案。 3. 词汇题:“搜索代入”法

最新考研英语模拟试题:阅读理解

考研英语模拟试题:阅读理解 Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. if you were asked to describe what anice facelooked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe anice person,you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm,and so forth. There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon all ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18 000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms. People have always tried totypeeach other. Actors in early Greek

考研英语阅读六大题型

1.主旨题 (考察理解文中具体信息和概念性的含义的能力) ?识别:题干中出现:subject,summary,topic,title等表达方式的为主题句?实质:对论点和论题提问 ?解题方法: 寻找主题句,主题句通常出现在文章首段首句,或出现在文章开头的转折处或文章开头结束处 主题句特征:主体句通常是一个概括总结性的结论或者判断 寻找主题词:主题句首段末段或全文中多次出现 解题原则:正确选项不能描述太细节,不能包含无依据的信息,应该包含主题词或同义替换词 优先考虑议论文的标题 2.例子证明题(主要考察区分论点和论据的能力) ?识别:题干中出现example,case,illustrate等词 ?解题思路:例子为观点和结论服务,寻找到例子对应观点和结论,通常往上或往下寻找 ?错误选项特征:就事论事,自我总结 ? 3.推理题 ?识别:题干中出现infer,learn,conclude等词 ?分类 a.细节性的推理题(题干中包含具体的定位信息) 理解文中具体信息和概念性的含义的能力 b.段落性的推理题(题干中包含具体段落) 理解文中单句之间,段落之间关系的能力,进行有关的判断,推断和引申的能力 c.全文性的推理题(题干中包含主体词或无定位信息) 理解文章总体结构的能力 ?常考出题点:段落首末段,主题句,观点句,转折处,强调或递进关系的地方

?实质和解题原则:考研推理题本质上还是一种同义改写,推理通常为正反推理和归纳总结 解题原则重在推理原文依据,特别关注转折,选择答案方面,主体大于细节,观点大于论据(意思就是选择原文中对应的总结性句子,而不是论据) 4.细节题:题干中不包含提起题型特征的题为细节题 (考察理解稳重的具体信息和概念性的能力,理解文章的总体解雇以及单句之间,段落之间的关系能力) ?事实识别:问题中出现文章相关的具体信息,可以用相对明显的本文词汇定位 ?因果关系:问题中除了有相对具体的定位信息词外,还有表示因果关系的词汇,要重点把握 ?观点识别:与观点结论有关,通常有suggest,found等引导的宾语从句 ?which题型:问题中没有具体的定位词只出现which提问 解题思路: a.识别题型 b.定位:寻找题干定位词(具体的定位词,因果词,观点词,比较词,原文词汇的替换词)与包含定位词的句子 c.读取: ?分析线索句主干与其他各项的对比(表达方式不同,意思最为接近的为正确选项) ?必要时需要分析线索句的上一句和下一句(支持句) ?当线索句为段落首末段时,支持句为段落的其他句子 d.注意事项:顺序原则(出题顺序和行文顺序基本一致)段落原则(一个段落通常只出现一个细节题,细节题通常不跨段(除非段落间存在指代或明显的逻辑关系) 5.词汇题 (考察上下文推测词义的能力) a.识别:要求对题干中的某个单词,词组或句子的含义进行推测 b.实质:通过上下文确定单词含义 c.解题流程: ?返回原文确定题干位置 ?根据上下文推测含义 ?代入原文,确定答案

考研英语阅读理解

考研英语:阅读理解之八大考点 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%),还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料,考生应能: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4篇(总长度约为1600词)文章的内容,从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案,共20小题,每小题2分,共40分 一、

1.提问方式: 1)直接提问(Main idea型) ?The text intends to express the idea that. . . ?We can draw a conclusion from the text that. . . ?What is the passage mainly about? ?The passage is mainly. ?From the passage we learn that. . . ?The passage is mainly about. . . ?he key point of the passage is that. . . ?This passage mainly deals with. . . ?The main point the author makes in the passage is. ?What does this passage mainly discuss? ?The general/ main/ central idea of the passage is. ?The passage is primarily concerned with. . . 2)给文章定标题 The best title for the text may be. . . Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?' A best title for the passage could be. A best title for the passage might be. This passage can be entitled. . . 3)提问写作目的( Purpose型) ?The article is written to explain. ?The purpose of the passage is. ?This passage is intended to… 2.解题技巧: 1) ①.重点读文章的首段开头部分,如果文章中有这样的主旨句, 那么再看四个选择项,如其中一项所含的信息同主旨句中的信息相似,该项即为正确答案 ②.重点读各段的开头和结尾,四个选项中能涵盖文章各段内容的一项, 就是正确答案

2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题:理学类(5)

2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题:理学类(5) The once radical notion that birds descended from dinosaurs——or may even be dinosaurs, the only living branch of the family that ruled the earth eons ago——has got stronger and stronger since paleontologists first started taking it seriously a couple of decades ago. Remarkable similarities in bone structure between dinos and birds were the first clue. Then came evidence, thanks to a series of astonishing discoveries in China's Liaoning province over the past five years, that some dinosaurs may have borne feathers. But a few scientists still argued that the link was weak; the bone similarities could be a coincidence, they said. And maybe those primitive structures visible in some fossils were feathers——but maybe not. You had to use your imagination to see them. Not anymore. A spectacularly preserved fossil of a juvenile dinosaur, announced by a team of paleontologists from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and New York City's American Museum of Natural History in the latest issue of Nature, is about as good a missing link as anyone could want. “It has things that are undeniably feathers,” exults Richard Prum, of the University of Kansas Natural History Museum,an expert on the evolution of feathers. “But it is clearly a small, vicious theropod similar to the velociraptors that chased the kids around the kitchen in Jurassic Park.” The find helps cement the dinosaur-bird connection, but it also casts new light on the mystery of why nature invented feathers in the first place. For the better part of a century,

考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析(3)

考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析(3) When a new movementin art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what itsadvocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable theirprinciples may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may beregarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is ratherdifficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting thatthe theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly beclassed as Literature。 This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, pastconditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in aworld of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts andemotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, saysthe Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up ourliterature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a largestream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, orfinite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitatethem; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the samepage, and shorten or lengthen words at will。 Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is alittle upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describesa

相关文档
最新文档