语法填空题解题技巧

语法填空题解题技巧
语法填空题解题技巧

语法填空解题技巧

语法填空只有十个空,加上还没有选项,那么语法填空要考察的东西会比较有限,这样就形成了一定有规律的东西,未必就比语法选择题难做。

语法填空考察形式有两种:有提示词、无提示词。

童鞋们最头疼的应该是没有提示词的吧,基础差的童鞋连句子成分都搞不清,根本没有做题思路。那么我们就先从没有提示词的入手,让语法小白们享受一下虐题的快感。

第一部分:无提示词

先看以下例句:

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

一个句子通常会有七个位置的考点,这些位置考察的内容比较固定,我们逐个分析。(以下行文中“____”被简称为“空”。)

无提示考点一:(代词主格)

_____ met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

要填的是句子的主语,主语通常由名词或代词充当,如果没有任何提示,不可能填名词,只能根据上下文的内容填代词。

代词通常要看“空”之前的部分。比如:The boy likes football. ____ often plays football after school. 根据上下文的意思,要填的代词只能指代“空”前面的the boy,所以此空填He。但代词中有一个特例“it”。it既可以向前指代,也可以向后指代,如果“空”后面有be + 名词或形容词+ to do或that从句的时候,那么这个“空”基本就是填it了。例如:_____ is easy to finish the homework. 或_____ is a good choice that you decide to go there.这两道题都填it。

【小结】:

句首是“空”,“空”后面紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”考察代词主格。

无提示考点二:(代词宾格)

Tom is my friend. I met _____ in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

和考点一类似,重复的不再说,基本也是要填代词的,但不同之处在于:此处的

宾语要用宾格形式。此题met是及物动词所以后面直接填宾语,并填代词的宾格:him,而不是he。如果句子里的谓语动词是不及物动词,那么不及物动词后面还要加上介词之后才能加上宾语,《奇速英语语法填空.短文改错&书面表达》例如:I live with ____. 这里的“空”也只能填代词,如果要填he,那么同样要采用宾格形式:him。另外,关于it的那个特殊用法在宾语部分体现的是:_____ + 形容词或名词+ to do或that从句。例如:The method can make ___ easy to finish the homework. 或We all consider ____ a good choice that you decide to go there. 这两道题都填it。

【小结】:

如果“空”前是动词(都是及物动词)或者介词,那么“空”考察代词宾格。

无提示考点三:(冠词)

I met him in _____ shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

此题中的shop

是可数名词,可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词,也不能没有复数形式,要写成a shop, 或one shop, 或shops, 或two shops或the shop 等等,绝对不能只写成shop。只有不可数名词才有资格裸奔,比如water,但不可数名词只能加定冠词the修饰,不能用不定冠词a或an。所以,如果“空”后面是裸奔的可数名词,那么一定是填冠词的,而且大多数情况是填不定冠词a或an。例如:I met ___ boy on the street. 这里要填a。另外,如果这个裸奔的可数名词在上句出现过,这时候才可能填定冠词the(再次提到,表示特指)。例如:I met a boy on the street. ____ boy is waiting for a taxi. 这时候boy再次出现,表示特指,所以填the。不可数名词很少被考到,因为很局限,前面只能填定冠词the。【小结】:

如果“空”后是裸奔的可数名词,必填a或an。

如果“空”后面的名词在上一句重复出现,必填the。

无提示考点四:(介词)

I met him ____ a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

当一个“空”后面紧跟完整的名词(不裸奔的名词),同时名词后面没有紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”只能填介词。比如此题中,“空”后面是完整的名词a shop(包含冠词的名词,没有裸奔,很完整),同时名词shop后面又没有紧跟谓语动词,这明显是要填介词的节奏。这个时候就要熟悉各种介词的本质含义,以及介词的一些固定搭配。此题比较简单,根据语境,填in,表示在…里面。

【小结】:

如果“空”后名词不裸奔,同时名词后又不紧跟谓语动词,那么此“空”必定填介词。

无提示考点五:(定语从句连词)

I met him in a shop _____ sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.

如果童鞋们不懂定语从句,那么我们可以固定记一下格式:

“空”前是名词,“空”后是动词或者主谓结构并缺少宾语,那么就要填who或which。

“空”前面的名词是人,就填who,“空”前面的名词是物,就填which。

例如:I like the book ____ makes me laugh. 此句“空”前面是名词book,“空”后面是动词makes,符合定语从句特征,因为“空”前面是book,所以填which。再例如:I like the person ____ you hate. 此句“空”前面是名词person,“空”后面是you hate主谓结构,而且是缺少宾语的(缺少憎恨的对象,如果是完整写法,应该是类似I hate him这样的主谓宾结构),也符合定语从句的特征,因为“空”前面是person,所以填who。定语从句有时候还会考察where和when,以后还会细讲,基础篇部分只需要记住最常考的which和who。

【小结】:

如果“空”前是名词,“空”后是动词或者主谓结构并缺少宾语,那么就要填who

或which。

如果“空”前面的名词是人,就填who;如果“空”前面的名词是物,就填which。

无提示考点六:(名词性从句连词)

I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing _____ I like.

“空”的前面不是名词,并且“空”的后面是动词或主谓结构并缺少宾语(此考点和

之前的考点五非常相似,区别在于“空”的前面是否是名词),那么就要填what或who,如果“空”后面的句子里缺少的是物,就填what,如果缺少的是人就填who。例如:____ appears on TV is very valuable. 此句开头就是“空”,所以“空”的前面不是名词,而且“空”的后面是动词,所以要填what或who。根据语境,“有价值的”应该是形容物的,所以最终填what。《奇速英语语法填空.短文改错&书面表达》再例如:I don’t like _____ he does. 此句的“空”前面是动词like,所以也符合“不是名词”的特征,而且“空”的后面是主谓结构he does,其中does是“做”的意思,是及物动词,后面缺少宾语,所以要填what或who。根据语境,能被做的,应该是物,所以最终填what。另外,“主谓结构并缺少宾语”有两种情况。第一种是及物动词后缺少宾语,刚才的例句就是这种情况。第二种是介词后缺少宾语,例如:I don’t like ____ he sticks to. “空”的后面是he sticks (他坚持)这样的主谓结构,并且介词to后面缺少宾语,所以也要填what. 我举的例子都是what,因为考试中what的几率大于who。

【小结】:

如果“空”的前面不是名词,而且“空”的后面是动词或主谓结构并缺少宾语(及物动词或介词后面缺少宾语),那么就要填what或who,不会区分就选what。

无提示考点七:(状语从句连词和and, but)

I met him in a shop which sells fruit _____ I was seeing what I like.

“空”在开头,后面紧挨着由逗号隔开的两句话,或者“空”在中间,前后各有一句话,那么填连词(状语从句连词)。例如:_____ you work hard, you may still lose the job. 此句属于“空”在开头,后面紧挨着由逗号隔开的两句话,根据这两句话的逻辑关系应该填Although或Though. 再例如:I drove very fast _____ I don’t want to be late. 此句属于“空”在中间,前后各有一句话的情况,也是填连词,根据两句话的逻辑关系应该填because。

【小结】:

如果“空”后面有两句由逗号隔开的两句话,或者“空”前后各有一句话,那么要填状语从句的连词(表达两句话的逻辑关系)。

热点考词:when (当…时候), because (因为), although (尽管), so (所以), so that (目

的是或结果是), that (句子中有so, 和要填的“that”构成so…that…的结构,翻译成:如此…以致于…), but (前后是转折关系), and (前后是顺承或递进关系)。

第二部分:有提示词

有提示词,相对简单一些。

有提示考点一:(时态)

如果提示词是个动词,而“空”所在的句子又没有其它谓语动词,那么就要填提示词的正确时态了。如果“空”所在句子表达的是一般现在时的概念,那么就是要填提示词的单数第三人称形式,一般就是结尾加s。例如:He often ___ (play) football. 这里就填plays。还有一种比较常考的就是一般过去时,因为正常情况下文章肯定是讲过去发生的事情,所以如果童鞋们区分不出别的时态的话,那就赌一把啦,填提示词的过去式,普通的是结尾加ed,但很有可能会考特殊的动词过去式,所以抓紧背下你们教材后面的不规则动词表吧。

【小结】:

提示词是句子的谓语动词,那么考察的是时态,首选过去时,如果主语是单数第三人称,并能明显看出提示词所在的句子表达的是一般现在时,那么填提示词结尾加s的形式。

有提示考点二:(非谓语)

非谓语在单项选择里考会很难,但在语法填空里考,却成了比较简单的考点。如果“空”所在的句子已经有了谓语动词,而且提示词是动词,那么这时候考察的是非谓语动词形式。

如果你实在不会非谓语,《奇速英语语法填空.短文改错&书面表达》教你一个很无赖的方法(正确率很高):“空”后面紧跟名词,填ing形式,反之填ed形式。例如:He sits in the classroom, ____ (read) a book. 此题中的“空”所在句子有谓语sit,并且“空”后面紧跟名词a book,所以直接填reading。再例如:He stands in the classroom, _____ (punish) for his mistakes. 此题中的“空”所在句子有谓语stand,并且“空”后面不紧跟名词,所以直接填punished。

【小结】:

如果“空”所在句子已经有谓语动词,而且“空”的提示词是动词,那么就看“空”后面紧跟的是否是名词(从句也可),如果紧跟名词,那么就填动词的ing形式,如果不紧跟名词,那么就填动词的ed形式。

有提示考点三:(词性转换)

如果提示词是名词、形容词、动词(不考察时态或非谓语的时候),那么考察的是词性转换:名词转换成形容词、形容词转换成副词、动词转换成名词。这个变化比较复杂,在基础篇里不讲,如果只想看个基础篇就杀向高考的学沫们,这个考点就看你们的造化了。

不过还是先给你们举几个典型例子。例1:I want a _____ (reason) explanation. 此题填reasonable, 考察名词转换成形容词(形容词修饰名词explanation)。例2:He lives _____ (comfortable) in the big house. 此题填comfortably, 考察形容词转换成副词(副词修饰动词live)。例3:I understand your ____ (choose). 此题填choice, 考察动词转换成名词(名词在句子中做主语或宾语)。

【小结】:

词性转换常考三大类:名词转换成形容词、形容词转换成副词、动词转换成名词。其中最容易得分的是形容词转换成副词,也就是说如果看到形容词的提示词,可以直接填入该提示词结尾加ly的形式(如果是辅音字母+ y结尾的,要把y改成i再加ly,比如steady要变成steadily)。

以上就是基础篇涉及的考点,虽然不是全部考点,但却是热门考点。基础不好的同学,你把基础篇掌握好了,完全有可能在语法填空上得到一半的分数。以前的单项选择题你能得到一半的分数吗?所以,之前说语法填空从某种角度看是变简单了,并不是在忽悠你们。

试题检测:(广东梅州高三质检)

注:本篇语法填空文章只保留了利用刚才所学能填出的五个空,缩短了篇幅来以

此改善童鞋们的阅读体验。(语法填空主要考察语法,所以就算看不懂整篇文章也不影响大部分题目的填写。)

A doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after being called in for urgent surgery. He answered the call, __1__ (change) his clothes and went directly to the surgery block……Once seeing him, the dad said __3___ (angry), “Why did you take your time to co me? Don’t you have __4__ sense of responsibility?”……waiting for the father’s reply, he carried on with his way running……Later the nurse told ___8___ that the doctor…….Never judge anyone because you never know how their life is or ___10___ they’re going thr ough.

【试题详解】:

第一题,“空”考察的是时态。这个“空”容易让人误解为是考察非谓语。其实“空”所在的句子是三个谓语动词并列:called, changed, went。所以填“changed”。

第三题,“空”考察的是词性转换,看到形容词angry,直接转化成副词“angrily”。第四题,“空”考察的是冠词。后面一看是裸奔的名词sense (就算不认识sense,根据语境你应该能猜出它是名词), sense之前还没出现过,一定填“a”。

第八题,“空”考察代词的宾格。此“空”作told的宾语,所以要填代词宾格,根据上句,应该是单数的男性,所以填“him”。

第十题,“空”考察的是名词性从句连词。“空”的前面不是名词,并且“空”的后面有主谓结构they’re going,还有缺少宾语的介词through,所以要填what或who,根据语境,“他们正在经受的”指的是物,最终填what。

语法填空题的解题技巧20

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高考英语语法填空真题及 答案 The document was prepared on January 2, 2021

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语篇型语法填空解题技巧

语篇型语法填空解题技巧 一、语篇型语法填空的形式 在一篇200词左右的语篇(短文或对话)中留出10处空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容,所填写词语不得超过三个。 二、语篇型语法填空的测试点 主要包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句、定于从句的连接词和it 的用法等。 三、语篇型语法填空的解题思路 考生在对题目进行作答之前,要先对题干进行详细阅读,检查题目中是否有提示词语存在;而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分,例如,主语、谓语等;最后根据其所充当的句子成分,加之其所处句子的语态等,选择词语的正确形式,例如,动词的现在分词或者过去分词,或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。 在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时,考生要根据句子中所填词语的位置,判断所填词语的词性,例如,连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前,起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介

词的时候,往往考查介词的固定搭配,其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。 语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大,考查范围相对较广,考生失分现象较为严重,但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律,掌握答题的技巧,在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习,熟练语法的运用,及时对经验进行总结,加强在语篇情境下的语法应用能力,在考试中就能提高语法填空题的准确率,取得较为理想的成绩。 四、语篇型语法填空例题 例一、对话体 Mum: (putting on her coat) I am going to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan: Why? Mum: I am not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwic hes earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answ er the phone. But someone must have taken them because they’re 3 (go). Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure he was in th e kitchen 4 (early). Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finis hed 5 (make) them, so he couldn't have done it. 6 , he

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