定语从句中关系词的使用
定语从句中关系词的使用
▼关系词：关系代词：who, whom, that, which, whose
关系副词：where, when, why
▼关系代词的使用：
一、who/ whom的用法
二者都可指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语
→In this accident, the number of people who died reached as many as 25. 在这次事故中死亡人数多达25人。
→I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. 我要寄给很多朋友贺卡。
注意：①在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom也可用who代替，非限制性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替；②但介词提前作宾语时不可以用who，只能用“介词+whom”。例：
→The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
二、whose的用法
Whose一般指人，有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语
→You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.
只有你的建议他可能会听。（whose在定语从句中作advice的定语）
→I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。（whose在从句中作window的定语）
三、which的用法
Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，偶尔也作定语。Which 在指人时往往指婴儿或指人的品质
→The river which runs through the center of the city was polluted seriously.穿过市中心的那条河遭到了严重的污染。（which在从句中作主语）
→They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drunk all the
wine I had.
他们和我一起待了三周，这期间他们喝光了我所有的酒。（which在从句中作定语修饰time）
四、that的用法
That指人或物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语或表语时可省略
→This is the factory that they are talking about.这就是他们正在讨论的工厂。（that作宾语）
→This is the girl that is beautiful.这就是那个漂亮的女孩。（that作主语）
五、as的用法
As引导定语从句常出现于the same…as…, such…as…，as…as…，so…as…中。As引导的定语从句常用省略形式，as在从句中既可指人或物，也可指整个句子，指整个句子时可位于句首、句尾或句中。as引导定语从句时，在从句中常作主语、宾语、表语等。
→The explorer took only such men and things as he really needed into the jungle.
这个探险者进入丛林时仅带了一些他确实需要的人和物品。（as与such 连用，作needed的宾语）
→Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。（as与such连用，在定语从句中作主语）
→Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。（as与the same连用，在定语从句中作状语）
→Shakespeare is a famous writer, as everybody knows.
众所周知，莎士比亚是一位著名的作家。（as代替整个主句，作knows 的宾语，位于句尾）
→As everybody knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer.（位于句首）
→Shakespeare, as everybody knows, is a famous writer.（位于句中）
六、“介词+关系代词”结构
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which
或whom, 不可用that. 先行词指物时，用which;先行词指人时，用whom.
1. 介词选择的三原则
（1）介词根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定
on which I spent 5 yuan.
→This is the book for which I paid 5 yuan.
about which Tom often talks.
(2) 介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确定
the day on which I settled in China.
→I remember the days during which I lived here.
the month in which I stayed there.
(3) 介词根据从句所表达的意义而确定
→My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, crashed yesterday.
昨天我的电脑（系统）瘫痪了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。
* 误区警示：表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，常用……of which/whom引导定语从句
例：The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.这位老人有两个儿子，两个都是律师。
2. 介词可后移，此时关系代词可省略（省略时，介词必须后移）
例：这是你寻求帮助的那个人。
→This is the man to whom you turned for help.
→This is the man (whom) you turned to for help.
* 误区警示：一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开使用。如look for, care for, hear from, hear of等。例：
Is this the book (which / that) she is looking for? 这是她正在寻找的那本书吗？
▼关系代词that和which的用法辨析
That和which在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语，指物；且作宾语时都可省略。在通常情况下，可互换使用，但有时that和which却不能互换
①只能用that,不能用which的情况
A. 当先行词是all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, none,
nothing等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时
→There is not much that ought to be done right now.没有多少应该立刻就做的事情。
→I did nothing that might hurt you.我一点也没做可能伤害你的事。
→I have done all the work that he told me to do.我已把他让我干的活全部干完。
B.当先行词是表语，或者关系代词本身在从句中作表语时
→He is not the man that he was.他不再是过去那个样子了。
→The school is quite different from the one that it used to be.这所学校已和原来的迥然不同了。
C.当主句以here, there开头时
→Here is the hotel that you’ve been looking for.这就是你一直在找的旅馆。
→There is the seat in the corner that is still not taken.在角上还有一个没占的位子。
D.当先行词有the only, the same, the very, the last等限定词修饰时
→These articles are the very ones that should be read. 这些文章就是你应该读的那些。
→Chatting was the only thing that interested her most. 聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的。
E.当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
→This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
→The first song that I learned will never be forgotten. 我永远也不会忘记我学的第一首歌。
F.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时
→Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？→Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T桖衫最适合我？
G.当先行词有同时表示人和物的名词时
→She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.她把她所感兴趣的人和物全拍摄下来。
②只用which不用that的情况
A. 引导非限制性定语从句
→Football, which is a very interesting game, is played in many countries.
足球是很有趣的运动项目，很多国家都在踢。
B.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时
→I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these coins. 我想找一个能盛下所有这些硬币的容器。
▼关系代词只用who不用that的情况
A.先行词是one, ones或anyone先行词为those或被those修饰并且指人时
→One who does not work hard will never succeed.
→Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
→She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.
→Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
B.在以there be...的句子中，先行词为人时
→There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
C.当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行词都为人时
→The students that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
D指人的先行词被指物的名词修饰时
→Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?
E.在非限制性定语从句中，且先行词为人
→I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America.
F.定语从句中又插入语时，且先行词为人
→Jackson is a man who (I believe) is honest.
▼as和which的用法辨析
关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时，可以用整个句子作为其先行词，指代上文或下文所说的一件事。但as和which具有不同的词义，句法和用法也存有差别
①as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论
A. 此时的as仍具有“正如、像、由……而知、与……一致”等某些连
词的语义。翻译时有时可不必译出
→Shanghai is a big city in China as we all know. 众所周知，上海是中国一个大城市。
→She is very patient, as is shown in her work. 她很有耐心，正如她在工作中所表现出来的一样。
B.在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词（如see, know, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expect, guess等）的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配
→There was a net bar around here, as I remember. 我记得这附近有一家网吧。
→As we all expected, the plan turned out to be very successful. 正如我们所期望的，计划进行的很成功。
C.as从句可以位于句首或句中（而which从句只能位于句尾）
→As can be seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.
正如我们所看到的，大洋占了地球的70%还多。
②which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物存在的状态或引起的结果
A. which此时指前面主句所提到的整件事，常译为“这一点、这件
事”等，只能位于被修饰的句子后面
→The child had a fever every night, which worried his parents very much.
孩子每晚都发烧，这使他的父母非常焦急。
B.which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系
→I bought my sister a big toy, which (=and that) delighted her greatly.
我给妹妹买了一个大玩具，这使她非常高兴。
C.在从句中作定语或介词宾语时，要用which
→She might possibly come, in which case I’ll ask her. 她可能会来的，要是那样的话我就去问她。
D.不能省去非限制性定语从句中的动词be时，用which，反之则用as
→Jane told me she won the match, which was a lie.（was不可省略）
简告诉我她赢得了这场比赛，这是一个谎言。
→As (was) planned, we met at the airport.（可省略was）按照计划，我们在机场见了面。
E.当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或从句谓语动词后有复合宾语时，一般用which不用as
→You pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand. 你假装不认识我，我真不明白。
→He dislikes everyone in the class, which I find quite strange. 他不喜欢班
里的每个人，我认为这太奇怪了。
▼关系代词的省略
引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在某些特定的情况下可以省略，但在非限制性定语从句中不可省略
在限制性定语从句中能够省略关系代词的情况主要有：
①关系代词在从句中作动词的宾语时
→I have been to the city twice (that/which) you just visited. 你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。
②关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词位于从句句尾时
→Generation gap is a problem (which/that) people are interested in. 代沟是人们感兴趣的问题。
③关系代词在从句中作表语时
→After a score of years, Johnson is not the naughty boy (who/ that) he used to be.
二十年后，约翰逊不再是当年那个淘气的男孩子了。
④主句以there be开头时，很多时候关系代词可省，即使关系代词在从句中作主语
→There is a mistake in your composition (which) wants correcting. 你的作文里有一个错误需要改正。
【小试牛刀】单句改错
1. I will give you a book which you’ll find it interesting.
2. The old man who you spoke is a famous doctor.
3. I can do everything which is good for you.
4. This is the first American film which I’ve ever seen.
5. The only thing which the students can do is studying hard.
6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.
7. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
8. We’ll do all what we can do to help you out.
9. Which is the bag which belongs to me?
10. We talked about the things and the people which we met during the war.
▼关系副词的用法
常用的关系副词有where, when, why等，这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语
一、where的用法
①代替表示地点的先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。此时常可由in which, on which, at which, to which等结构取代
对比：
→This is the factory where he used to work.（work是不及物动词）
→This is the faciory which / that I visited last year. （visit是及物动词）
→Is this the museum that / which you visited a few days ago?（从句缺少宾语）
→Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?（从句缺少状语）
②当position, point, case, stage, situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导定语从句
→It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
把孩子们放到一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中，这对于他们有所帮助。
二、when的用法
代替表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作时间状语。此时常可用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替
→Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?（when在从句中作状语）
→Do you remember the days that / which we spent together on the farm?（that或which作spent的宾语）
* 误区警示：当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导，也可以用that或which引导，关键要看先行词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which.
三、why的用法
一般跟在先行词reason后，why在定语从句中作原因状语，可以用for which代替。引导非限制性定语从句不可用why，但可用for which
→I have come around to explain the reason why (for which) I was absent from the meeting.
我来是为了向你解释我没有参加会议的原因。
→Can you tell me the reason why (for which) the car broke down?
你能告诉我车子坏了的原因吗？
【随堂检测】
一、单项选择
1. -Is that the small town you often refer to?
-Right, just the one you know I used to work for years.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
2. The firm brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that faraway village.
A. until
B. that
C. when
D. where
3. I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.
A. when; which
B. which; when
C. what; that
D. on which; when
4. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
5. Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen on the police.
A. which
B. what
C. whatever
D. that
6. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone family was poor.
A. of whom
B. whom
C. of whose
D. whose
7. Do you know the man ?
A. whom I spoke
B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
8. The factory we’ll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. which
D. in which
9. I lost a book, I can’t remember now.
A. whose title
B. its title
C. the title of it
D. the title of that
10. He is good at English, we all know.
A. that
B. as
C. whom
D. what
11. George Orwell was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name
B. what his real name
C. his real name
D. whose real name
12. He had a lot of friends, only a few of invited to his wedding.
A. whom
B. them
C. which
D. who
13. To my great surprise, he asked me a few questions there were no answers
A. to which
B. about which
C. in which
D. on which
2、 填入适当的关系词
1. Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, you can hear some lovely music.
2. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big
challenge.
3. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,
is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
4. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school
education depends.
5. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in
today’s newspaper.
6. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment
they live.
7. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be
staying.
8. How did you find those days? —The days we spent together on
the farm are not easy to forget.
【课后作业】
1、 填入适当的关系词
Tom, 1. is a primary student, is having supper at the new table 2.
his father bought this morning. A little white dog 3. name is Maomao
is sitting beside him. It is waiting for food 4. Tom gives to it from
time to time. Suddenly, Tom’s mother, beside 5. lies a yellow cat,
says, “Tom, have you seen the book 6. I bought last week in the bookstore 7.
your aunt works? I wrote the date on it 8. I’ll have to pay
the bills to the bank.” Smiling, Tom looks down at Maomao, 9. is
sitting on the right book now. He says softly, “Run away from the book 10. Mother is looking for, or she’ll punish you.”
二、单句写作
1. She is one of the girls
(通过这次考试).
2. She is the only one of the girls
(通过这次考试).
3. This is the best film
(我曾经看过的).
4. The people and the animals
(在地震中死亡) were difficult to count.
5. Who was the last one
(昨天离开教室)?
(完整版)英语定语从句经典练习题及答案
1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the place s __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which
7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether ________ he told me last week. 9. I’ll tell you __ A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that
定语从句专项练习题及详解50题
定语从句专项练习题及详解50题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who
that关系代词用法-定语从句
that常用作关系代词，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物时有的时候可用which替换that，指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下，一般用that。 一、that指代某物事时 1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如： 2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如： 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如： 4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如： 5. 先行词是并列结构，既有人又有物时。如： 6. 先行词前有the same 修饰，表示和先行词是同一物时。如： 注：如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，则用the same…as….如： 7. 先行词为数词时。
8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句，为避免重复，第二个定语从句用that。如： 9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复，定语从句用that。如。 10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，而且通常省略。如： 11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如： 二、that 指代某人时。 1. 泛指某人时。如： 2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复时。如： 3. 先行词前有the same时。如： 4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如： 另外，that也可用作关系副词，表示时间、地点、原因和方式，在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时，可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如：
【初中英语】定语从句专项练习综合
【初中英语】定语从句专项练习综合 一、定语从句 1．One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance（优雅）. A．which B．who C．how D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：一个学识渊博的人总是举止优雅。考查关系代词。A. which关系代词，引导定语从句时，指代物；B. who关系代词，引导定语从句时，指代人；C. how关系副词；D. what不能引导定语从句。根据One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance（优雅）.可知，先行词one指代人，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，同时在定语从句中作主语，结合选项可知B选项符合题意，故答案选B。 2．Don’t throw away pens and erasers ________ you haven’t used up. A．where B．which C．who D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：不要扔掉你还没用完的钢笔和橡皮。考查定语从句引导词。what不引导定语从句，可排除D。where表示地点；which表示事物；who表示人。本句先行词pens and erasers （钢笔和橡皮）是物，需用which引导；根据句意结构和语境，可知选B。 3．—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree ___ waiting in a line? —They are the students from No. 1 Primary School. A．that are B．where are C．which is D．who is 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：——弗兰克,你看!那些在树下排队的孩子是谁?——他们是来自第一小学的学生。 考查定语从句。根据句意：﹣弗兰克，你看!树下排队的孩子们是谁？﹣他们是来第一小学的学生．可知先行词是children，指人，作主语，故选代词用who/that；children是复数，系词用are，故选A。 4．-Have you got ready for the soccer game？ -Yes，I've done everything ___________ I can to win the game. A．who B．that C．which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
定语从句之关系代词
定语从句I 关系代词 定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。 基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。 先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。 一、关系代词的用法 1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语) Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins. 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语) 2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语) 3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。 I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。(作定语) 4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。 5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。 习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which. The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语) The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)
定语从句讲解关系代词的用法
Un itl 《 school life 》 Grammar (1) 定语从句(AttributiveClause) I根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 定语从句的定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作abl on degirl， agirlwithbl on dehair 或agirlwhohasblo ndehair。定语从句通常由关系代词 that/which/who/whom/which/as 或关系副词when/where/why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词，又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 川定语从句的必备三要素 1先行词(名词或代词) | relativepr on. (assub.,obj.,pred.) 2关系词 (that 指人或物/which 指物/who(m)指人/whose) 3关系词在从 句中充当成分ativeadv. (asadverbial) (whe n/where/why) 找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素 1.Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor. 2.I ' vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents. 3.Iwillneverforgettheday whenljoinedtheparty.
定语从句专项练习(附答案)
) 【定语从句专项练习】 1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _____ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what 2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, __________ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time 3. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that ; 4. The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 5. New York, ________ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 6. I can think of many cases _______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 7. George Orwell, ________ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name 。
定语从句中关系代词的用法
定语从句中关系代词的用法 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词(定语从句所修饰的词)之后。定语从句由关系词来引导，关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：1)引导定语从句；2)代替先行词；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。如：The car which my unele had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake．句中which my uncle had just bought 是定语从句，修饰先行词the car；which是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the car，在定语从句中作宾语。 表一：关系代词的用法 表二：用which不用that的情况
表三：只用that不用which的情况(先行词是物) 表四：关于as引导的定语从句 2．有时候当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时，却不用when／where而用that／which引导。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就可用that(which)，否则可用where。 例如：I will remember the days that／which we spent together． 我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子。
This is the factory that／which you visited yesterday． 这就足你昨天参观的工厂。 3．way作先行词时，关系代词的使用： I don’t like the way(that／in which)he treats his parents． 我不喜欢他对待父母的方式。 4. that引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同： The news that he told us is true．(定语从句) 他告诉我们的新闻是真的。 The news that our team has won is encouraging．(同位语从句) 我们队胜利的消息真令人振奋。 That he has won the first prize surprised everybody．(主语从句) 他获得一等奖的消息令每一个人都惊奇了。 My idea is that you shut the factory．(表语从句) 我的观点就是你应该关闭这家工厂。 He said that he was going to leave．(宾语从句) 他说他打算离开这里。
定语从句关系代词和关系副词辨析
先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分的用法。 Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in the USA? 你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？ 2) The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down. 他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。 3) The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didn’t catch the bus. 他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。 4) I have read the book in which you are interested. 我读了那本你感兴趣的书。 5) The man with whom I talked just now comes from Japan. 刚刚和我交谈的那个男人来自日本。 6) This is the book which she is looking for. 这就是她正在找的那本书。 小结归纳 ●when 通常放在表示时间的名词后引导定语从句，如句1）； ●where放在表示地点的名词后引导定语从句，如句2）； ●why经常放在reason的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）； ★当引导定语从句时，关系副词一般可以转化为“介词+ 关系代词”，即： when / where 可转化为on / in / at等+ which， why可转化为for which（在口语中可用that或省略），这也是定语从句中的一种常见现象。 ★需要特别注意的是此时介词后的关系代词不能用that，如句1）、2）、3） ★另外，指代先行词的关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把“介词+ 关系代词(which / whom)”一起放在先行词和从句之间，如句4）、5）；★但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如句6）。 **★关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 ★关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。例如： This is the house where/ in which we once lived. 这是我们曾经住过的房子 （Where相当于in the house 做地点状语） This is the house which/ that they built last year. 这是他们去年建的房子 （which/ that 指代house 做built 的宾语） I’ll never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子 （When相当于on the days 做时间状语，on the days “在这些日子”） I’ll never forget the days which we spent in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子（Which指代the days 做spent的宾语） That is the reason why/ for which she told a lie. 那就是她为什么撒谎的原因。 （Why相当于for the reason 做原因状语 That is the reason which was told by the boy. 那就是那个男孩说的原因。 （Which 指代the reason 做主语） 注意：★确立关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where/why的方法： 看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，如果缺少用which/ that； 如果不缺主语或宾语用when/where/ why.
定语从句综合
专题复习 定语从句（一） 一、定语：修饰, 限定名词 1.He is an honest boy. 2. The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 3.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia . 4. What’s your telephone number? 定语的位置 1. This is a flower basket. 2. This is a basket full of flowers. 3. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in. (单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。） 二、定语从句概念: 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句. He is an English teacher who likes singing songs. 三、定语从句引导词 1.定语从句中各个关系代词、关系副词的基本用法； 1. 掌握关系词（关系代词和关系副词）的用法 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，它们在定语从句中充当三个作用：引导作用、替代作用和成分作用。关系代词和关系副词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来；关系代词在从句中代替它前面的先行词，在从句中充当成分（主、宾、表、定）；关系副词在从句中总是作状语。 指人：who （主、宾），whom （宾），that （主、宾、表），whose （定），as （主、宾、表） 关系代词 指 物：that （主、宾、表），which （主、宾），whose （定），as （主、宾、表） 关系副词 when （时间状语） where （地点状语） why （原因状语） 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The person____broke the window must pay for it. The boy_____is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如： Do you know the young man _______ we met at the gate ？ Mr Lee ________ you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： The girl ______mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy____________father is a professor. 4. which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如： A dictionary is a book_____gives the meaning of words. Here is the book________the teacher mentioned. 5. that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： I’ve read the newspaper _____________carries the important news. Who is the person____________is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： I’ll never forget the time ___________ we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day_____________ I left. I still remember the day _________I first came to Beijing. I still remember the day ____________ I first came to Beijing. ( 介词＋which 可以代替 when) 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house ___________we lived last year. The factory ____________ his father works is in the east of the city. The factory______ ________his father works is in the west of the city. ( 介词＋which 可以代替where) 定 语从句 引导词
定语从句之关系代词讲解(一)
定语从句(一) 1.概念：在主从复合句中，修饰句中某一名词或代词，充当这一名词或代词的定语的从句， 叫做定语从句。 2.先行词：在总从复合句中，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。 3.关系代词：即连接主句与从句的词。 4.关系代词包括：that(即可指人也可指物), which(只指物), who(只指人，宾格whom及所 有格whose) 5.主从复合句表现形式： e.g. I like the dress which (my mother bought for me). (我喜欢我妈妈给我买的那条裙子。) 先行词 主句从句 6.关系代词的用法 ①连接主句语从句 ②代替先行词 ③在从句中做成份(如：做主语，宾语等) 7.关系代词在从句中做宾语及主语成分举例 e.g. (王叔叔就是我昨天拜访的那个男的) 中国是一个有着久远历史的国家。) 8.关系代词引导的定语从句（在从句中做成分） ⑴which: 在从句中做主语，宾语。 ①做主语：They planted the flowers which (didn't need much water). (他们种植了不需要太多水的花) ②作宾语：I will never forget the days which (I spent （我将永远不会忘记我与你的家人度过的那几天） ⑵who: 在从句中做主语，宾语。 ①做主语：The teacher who ( （昨天去看我的那个老师是李先生。） ②作宾语：The girl who/whom (I talked with (我刚才与之讲话的那个女孩将要去北京。) ⑶whose: 在从句中做定语(主语可以是人，也可以是物)。 ①作定语(先行词为人)： (他就是那个他爸爸是医生的男孩) ②作定语(先行词为物): I want to buy the house whose (window face south). (我想买那个窗户面向南方的房子) ⑷that:可在从句中做主语，宾语(即可指人，也可指物)。 9.只用that不用which的情况。 ⑴被修饰的先行词为不定代词⑵先行词被极限词修饰 ⑶先行词被序数词修饰⑷先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰 ⑸先行词即有人又有物⑹主句是there be句型
(完整版)英语定语从句经典练习题及答案.docx
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定语从句综合训练7
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上海市初中英语语法知识—定语从句的综合练习
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