初中英语语法讲解介词的用法

初中英语语法讲解介词的用法
初中英语语法讲解介词的用法

介词的用法

【真题再现】

1. Damin sat on the side of the river cooking a meal, ______ a bird on his head. (2014 沈阳)

A. from

B. into

C. about

D. with

2. On May 10th, a horse was found running happily ________ the busy street in Beijing. (2014 东营)

A. at

B. of

C. in

D. from

3. A ship from South Korea sank into the sea April 16, 201

4.(2014 山东滨州)

A. in

B. on

C. at

D. for

4. — A person's life is like a road lots of difficulties.(2014连云港)

—Yes, so we need positive energy.

A. by

B. with

C. along

D. during

5. —This problem is far ________ me, I'm afraid I can't work it out.(2014 扬州)

—Don't worry, we will help you.

A. beyond

B. beside

C. behind

D. between

6. Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened _________ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural Park this year. (2014 南京)

A. on

B. at

C. in

D. to

7. It’s very friendly _________ him to help me when I’m in tro uble. (2014 十堰)

A. of

B. with

C. to

D. in

8. _________ the exam, we’ll say good-bye to our dear teachers, classmates as well as our

beautiful school. (2015 安徽)

A. In

B. For

C. After

D. Through

9. Mr. Green's office is ________ the 26th floor. You can take the life there. (2014 重庆)

A. at

B. in

C. on

D. for

10. Most people are __________ building a paper factory near here. They are worried the river will get polluted.(2014 广州)

A. for

B. with

C. against

D. beyond

11. —Could you tell me the way __________ the railway station?(2015天津)

—Go along this road and soon you’ll find it.

A. at

B. to

C. in

D. between

12. In the picture, the chair is _________ the table.(2015 南京)

A.under B.on C.above D.beside

13. Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn’t kill them ________ food or clothing.(2015 河南)

A. in

B. with

C. about

D. for

14. The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _________ four days. (2015 安徽)

A. after

B. for

C. during

D. in

15. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily __________ the windows. (2015浙江)

A. below

B. across

C. behind

D. against

16. — Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her? (2015 福州)

—Of course. She was tall and thin _________ long hair.

A. in

B. with

C. on

17. A terrible earthquake happened in Nepal _______ April 25th, 2015. (2015 重庆)

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. from

18. —Our class will have a party ________ the evening of June 30th.Would you like to come?

—Yes, I’d love to, but I’m going to visit my grandparents in Dalian.(2015 哈尔滨)

A.in B.on C.at

19. Don’t be late __________class. We must be on time.(2015 成都)

A.for B.to C.in

20.Jim sits behind me,so I sit ________ him.(2015 南宁)

A.at the top of B.at the end of C.in the middle of D.in front of

21. I love this picture __________ you beside the music fountain.(2015 上海)

A. in

B. of

C. on

D. at

22. We usually have the first class _______ 8:00 in the morning. (2015 北京)

A. of

B. in

C. on

D. at

【答案与解析】

1. D。句意:Damin坐在河边做饭,在他头上有一只鸟。from从……;into进入……;about关于;with有。根据句意选D。

2. C。本句意为:在五月十号,在北京,一匹马被发现愉快地奔跑在繁忙的街道上。in the busy street表示在繁忙的街道上。故答案选C。

3. B。句意:2014年4月16号,韩国的一艘船沉入了大海。具体日期前用介词on,故选B。in后面接月份、年份、季节;at接具体的几点几分;for接一段时间。

A. by

B. with

C. along

D. during

4. B。句意:——人生就像一条有着许多困难的道路。——是的,所以我们需要正能量。by通过,被,在……旁边;with有,具有,带有;along沿着,一起;during在……期间。根据题意选B项。

5. A。句意:——这道题远远超出了我的能力,恐怕我不能把它做出来。——别担心,我们会帮助你的。beyond超出……之外;beside在……旁边;behind在……后面;between 在……之间。根据句意选A项。

6. C。句意:今年三月,南京溧水草莓节在傅家边现代农业园区开幕。在月份前用介词in,故选C项。

7. A。句意:他很友好,当我有困难的时候帮助我。It’s very friendly of sb.意为“某人十分友好”,故选答案A。

8. C。句意:考试之后,我们将向我们亲爱的老师、同学以及我们美丽的学校告别。in 在……之中;for为了;after在……之后;through通过。“告别”应该在“考试结束”之后,故选C项。

9. C。句意:格林先生的办公室在第26层。你可以乘电梯去那儿。on在……上,根据句意可知答案为C项。

10. C。句意:大多数人反对在这附近建造纸厂。他们担心河流会受到污染。for表示“为,

给”;with表示“和”;against表示“反对,违反”;beyond表示“超过,越过”。根据句意可知C项正确。

11. B。the way to加地点,故答案为B。

12. D。句意:在这张图片中,椅子在桌子的旁边。under表示“在某物垂直的正下方”,两者之间不接触;on表示“在某物的上面”,但两者互相接触;above表示“在……的正上方”;beside表示“在……近旁,在旁边”;故选D项。

13. D。句意:野生动物是我们的朋友。我们不应该杀死他们做衣服或食物。根据句意可知答案为D项。in在……里;用(某种语言);with和,有;about关于;for为,为了,倾向于,关于,当作。故选D。

14. D。句意:四天后就是端午节了。after后面接一段时间常和过去时连用;for后接一段时间表示的动作持续了多久,常用于完成时;during在……期间;in后接一段时间表示多久之后,常和将来时连用。故选D。

15. D。beat against意为“打上,撞上”符合题意。below “在……之下”;across “横过,穿过”;behind “在……后面”;均不符合题意。

16. B。介词with主要用法为:1、和……一起;2、拥有、带有;3、用某种工具或手段,本题考查第二个用法。

17. A。句意:2015年4月25日,一场可怕的地震发生在尼泊尔。on常与星期几、日期连用;in常与年、季节、月份连用;at常与具体几点钟连用;from表示从……开始。本题设空处后为April 25th, 2015,故选A。

18. B。句意:——我们班将在六月三十号晚上有一个晚会。你愿意来吗?——是的,我愿意,但是我要去大连看望我的祖父母。in用于年、月、季节等时间之前;on用于具体的某一天或者某一天的上午、下午、晚上;at用于具体的某一时刻。the evening of June 30th 表示的是具体的某一天的晚上,使用介词on。故选B。

19. A。句意:不要上课迟到。我们必须准时到。be late for意为“迟到”,故选A。

20. D。由“Jim sits behind me”可知,Jim坐在“我”后面,“我”坐在Jim的前面。故选D。at the top of意为“在……的顶部”;at the end of意为“在……结尾”;in the middle of意为“在……中间”;in front of意为“在……前面”。

21. B。句意:我喜欢你在音乐喷泉旁边的那张照片。in在……里;of ……的,表示所属关系;on 在……上;at在……。根据句意可知是所属关系,故选B。

22. D。句意:通常我们早上的第一节课在8点钟。at常与具体几点钟连用;in常用与年、季节、月份连用;on常与星期几、日期连用;of常表示……的意思。本题设空处后为8:00,故选D。

【用法讲解】

考试要求:

主要体现在单项选择和完形填空中,涉及的题目多,考查的范围广,主要考查介词的基本意义,意义相近的介词辨析、固定搭配等。

知识总结:

1. 介词的概念

介词是一种虚词,一般用在名词、代词等的前面,用来表示其后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语和其他句子成分的关系,在句子中不能单独作句子成分,需和它后面的词共同充当句子成分。介词后面的名词或者相当于名词的词或短语叫介词宾语。可以作介词宾语的词通常有:

1)名词、代词或从句。

He lives near the school. 他居住在学校附近。

Our teacher was very angry with him. 我们的老师非常生他的气。

2)动名词。

They have a good idea for solving this problem. 他们有一个解决这个问题的好方法。

3)动词不定式(仅限于介词but,except)。

I want nothing except to sleep. 除了睡觉,我什么也不想做。

2. 介词的种类

1)根据结构分类

简单介词:即由一个词构成的单一介词。如:for,at,in,on,of,to等。

复合介词:即由两个词组合在一起的介词,也称合成介词。

如:without,inside,outside,into,within

短语介词:即由短语构成的介词。如:because of,according to,thanks to等。

2)根据意义分类

表示地点的介词:at,behind,beside,around,near,on,by,in front of,across等。

表示时间的介词:about,at,after,before,by,during,in,over,past,since,until 等。

表示原因的介词:for,with,from等。

表示手段和方式的介词:by,in,with等。

表示“除去”的介词:but,except,besides等。

表示其他含义的介词:about (关于,大约), on (关于), without (没有), off (从……离开),

instead of (代替), with (和)等。

3. 介词短语的功能

介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分:

1)作表语:

She looks like an actress. 她看上去像演员。

What’s the book about? 这本书是讲什么的?

2)作宾语补足语:

A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他卧床一周。

I found my mother on the bus. 我发现我妈妈在公交车上。

3)作状语:

I will wait for you until tomorrow. 我等你到明天。

The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face.

那位老师面带笑容进了教室。

4)作定语:

A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

4. 中考经常考查的几组介词的用法

1) 时间介词:at/ in/ on

表示具体的时间点(几点钟)前面用介词at。

I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六点起床。

注意:

at dinner time 在(吃)晚饭时at night 在夜间at weekends / the weekend 在周末

表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面,或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介词on。

We can play football on Sunday. 我们可以在星期天踢足球。

They came to my house on a cold winter morning.

他们在一个寒冷的早晨来到了我家。

表示较长的一段时间段的名词或短语前经常用in,如在早上、下午、晚上;在某月某年等。

I was born in May. 我出生在五月。

They came here in 1998. 他们在1998年来这里的。

What are you going to do in the winter holiday? 寒假你打算做什么?

注意:

表示上午、下午或晚上的名词前一般用介词in,但是具体到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on。in the morning 在上午on Monday morning 在星期一的上午

2)时间介词:for,since

for 和since引导时间状语都有延续之意。for +时间段表示“(延续)……之久”。since +时间点表示从过去某时延续到现在的一段时间。

They have lived in China for ten years. 他们在北京住了十年了。

She has worked here since last year. 从去年起她就在这里工作。

3)时间介词:in,after

in+时间段表示从现在算起一段时间以后,一般用于将来时;after+时间段表示从过去算起一段时间后,一般用于过去时。另外after后也可以接具体时间用于将来时。

He’ll be back in three hours. 他三小时后回来。

He came back after three hours. 三小时后,他回来了。

He’ll be back after 3 o’clock. 他三点后会回来。

4) 方位介词:at,in,on,to

表示在某一点的位置或者具体的位置用at。

We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain. 我们在山脚下举行野餐。

表示在某一个范围之内的方位用介词in。

Shandong lies in the east of China. 山东省在中国的东部。(山东省在中国范围之内)

表示在某一个范围之外的方位用介词to。

Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东部。(日本在中国范围之外)

表示两者相互接触,强调在同一条线或者同一个平面上用介词on。

Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu. 山东省在江苏省的北部。(两省接壤)

5) 地点介词:in/on / under/ above / over/ below

表示一个物体在另一个物体的上面用介词on。

There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。(书在课桌表面上)

表示一个物体在另一个物体的里面用介词in。

There are some dumplings in the bowl. 碗里有一些水饺。(水饺在碗里面)

表示一个物体在另一个物体的下方,用介词under。(一般为正下方)

There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一个球。(球在椅子的下面)

below意思是“在……之下”,所指范围较宽,不一定在某物的正下方。

From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.

从飞机上我们可以看到下面城镇的全貌。

表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方,并非有“垂直之上”的含义,用介词above, 其反义词为below。

His room is above ours. 他的房间在我们的上面。

表示一个物体在另一个物体的正上方用介词over,有时有“覆盖;越过”之意。

His room is over ours. 他的房间就是我们头上的那间。

There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大桥。(桥在河的上面)

6) 方位介词between,among

between是表示在两者之间;among表示在三者或者三者以上之间。

It’s a secret between you and I. 这是我和你之间的秘密。

There is a village among the trees.在树林里面有一个小村庄。

7) 表示工具、手段、材料的in,by,with

in可以和表示某种语言的名词连用表示“用某种语言”; 也可以表示用某种工具或者材料的意思。

Can you answer my question in English?

你能用英语回答我的问题吗?

Don’t write in pencil. Please write in ink.

不要用铅笔写,请用墨水写。

by指使用的方法和手段,by和表示交通工具的名词连用时,中间不用冠词。

My father often goes to work by bus.

我爸爸经常乘坐公共汽车去上班。

He made a living by selling newspapers.

他靠卖报为生。

with表示“借助于某种具体的工具或身体部位”。例如:

We write with our hands. 我们用手写字。

I cut the cake with a knife. 我用刀子切开了蛋糕。

8) 方位介词across,through,past

表示从某一个物体的表面横过、穿过用介词across; 从某一个物体的里面或者一定范围内穿过、横过用介词through; 从旁边经过用past。

They swam across the river. 他们游过了河。

The boys go through the forest quickly. 这些男孩子快速地穿过树林。

They drove past a big supermarket. 他们开车经过一家大超市。

9)except,besides

except表示“除……之外”其后的宾语是被排除在整体之外的。besides表示“除……之外”,其后的宾语是被包括在整体之内的。

All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.

除了汤姆以外,其他的同学都参加了运动会。(汤姆没有参加)

We need three more boys besides Tom.

除了汤姆以外,我们还需要三个男同学。(我们也需要汤姆)

初中英语介词用法归纳总结

初中英语介词用法归纳总结 常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。

初中英语语法介词知识点总结.

初中英语语法介词知识点归纳 1.in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在” 1at + 具体时刻 2on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时 3in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意:at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning 3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意:在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…前有last, next , this , that 时,不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。 eg. I will go(A to the cinema(B in(C this evening.

2. in , on , at 表地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg. 1He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内;on(范围外且接壤;to(范围外但不接壤。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过,越过”=go across 4. across: (表面跨过 through: (内部穿过,贯穿介词 eg. 1Can you swim _____ the river? 2The road runs __________ the forest. 3 _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.

初一英语介词专题讲解及练习

初一英语介词专题讲解及练习 介词: 介词是虚词,不能独立充当句子成分 介词短语能够充当句子成分 介词短语= 介词+介词宾语(名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当) 根据词形,介词分为三类:1简单介词:in, on, from, at, for 合成介词:upon, into, onto, inside, without 成语介词:由两个以上单词合成。in front of, in the middle of, on top of 一、常用固定搭配的介词短语形式 1.动词+ 介词look like; look at; talk to; think of 2.be + 形容词+ 介词be surprised at; be afraid of 3.be + 名词+ 介词be mad at sb; the key to; the way to 4.介词+ 名词at work; at home; at school; at last; on the farm 5.介词+ 名词+ 介词in front of; at the age of; at the end of 6.介词+ 动名词短语after leaving school; after finishing it 7.介词+ 代词for her; from each other; after him 8.其他词+ 介词instead of; because of; according to 举例:1. She looks like her mother. 2. Your coat looks very nice. What’s it made of? 3. Would you please show me the way to the bank? 4. My father is working at the office.

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表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 如:Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 如:Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 如:Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格” 如:It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”如:He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。

3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位 如:They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of成品仍可看出原料 如:This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from成品已看不出原料 如:Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言 如:Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。 They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。如:draw in pencil/draw with a pencil 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1、by用某种方式,多用于交通 如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。

初中英语语法专项练习-介词

初中英语语法/介词 一.选择最佳答案(表示时间关系的介词). 1 ? The plane arrived at London aiiport _______ W ednesday. A. on B. at C. in D. for 2.What do you usually do _________ C hristmas? A. on B. at C. in D. for 3.Mrs Brown worded in the west of Australia _________ last summer? A./ B. on C? in D? since 4.The fiist class begins ________ 8 o,clock _______ the momiiig. A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on 5. ______ the past two months he has been busy with his school work. A. For B. On C. Since D. At 6. _______ last Saturday, we had had two football matches with Class Two. A. For B. / C. By D. During 7? We will be in Nanjing _____ Tuesday ______ Thursday? A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till 8.Mr Black will visit our new school building _______ two days? A. before B. after C. at D. in 9. ______ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _________ t he end. A. At/at B. By/in C. In /at D. At /in

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