现在完成时的句子
现在完成时的句子
1、Have you ever traveled on a plane
你坐飞机旅行过吗？
2、Have you ever been abroad
你出国过吗？
3、I’ve just finished reading the book、
我刚读完书。
4、I’ve never been there、
我从来没去那里。
5、I’ve already been there twice、
我只去过那里两次。
6、Who has been to Hawaii None of us has、
谁去过夏威夷？没人去过。
7、Has anybody water-skied before
有人之前滑过水吗？
8、How long have you been here in Sydney
你来悉尼多久了？
9、I know you’ve come to see your father、
我知道你来看你的爸爸。
10、You’ve learnt surfing from him, haven’t you 你从他那里学的滑水，不是吗？
11、Have you ever been to Hawaii
你去过夏威夷吗？
12、He has been in Honolulu ever since、
他从那以后就在檀香山。
13、I have already won first prize in the city surfing competition、
我已经在城市的冲浪比赛中获得了第一名。
14、I’ve been surfing every day、
我每天都冲浪。
15、I’ve been here for two weeks already、
我已经在这里呆了两周了。
16、How many songs has he learned so far
他到目前为止学了多少歌了？
17、How long have you been a member of Greener China
你成为绿色中国的一员多久了？
18、I’ve been with Greener China for a year、
我跟随绿色中国一年了。
19、What have you done since you joined Greener China
你加入绿色中国后都做了什么？
20、Have you ever thrown any litter onto the ground
你有没有往地上扔过东西？
21、If your answers are “No”，it means that you have already helped protect our environment、
如果你的回答是“否”，它意味着你已经帮助保护了我们的环境。
22、Have I ever picked up some rubbish and thrown it into a dustbin
我有没有把垃圾捡起来扔进垃圾筒呢？
23、Have I ever collected waste paper or bottles for recycling
我有没有为回收而收集废旧纸张或瓶子呢？
24、Have I ever planted any trees or flowers in or near my neighbourhood
我有没有在小区附近种过树或花呢？
25、If your answers are “Yes”，it means that you have already done something useful to improve the environment、
如果你的回答是“是”，它意味着你已经为保护环境做了些有用的事。
26、After you have finished the questionnaire, you may decide if your friend is doing very well in protecting the environment、
你完成调查问卷后，你可以决定你的朋友是否在保护环境方面做得很好。
27、Has everyone in your class written a letter to a factory to ask them to stop pouring dirty water into the river or lake nearby
你们班的人有没有给工厂写信让他们停止向附近的河或湖排放污水？
28、How long have you worked in this library
你在这家图书馆工作多久了？
(完整)初中英语现在完成时讲解.docx
现在完成时学案 翻译这两个句子，并且观察他们的时态。 Yesterday I finished my homework. T hat ’ s to say, I havealready finished my homework. ____________________________________________________________ I have lived here since 1990. _____________________________________________________ 现在完成时态 1.用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 2.现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词 3.现在完成时的四个基本句型 肯定句He has finished the work. 一般疑问句否定句______________________ ______________________ 两回答肯定__________否定__________ 特殊疑问句_______________________ 4.在下列情形下用现在完成时 (1)① already 已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already. ② yet 已经否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g.： I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet? (2)两词组 have
现在完成时修改
一、时态讲解：现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以 （2）用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： a)since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
现在完成时翻译练习及答案
现在完成翻译练习及答案 一、翻译下列句子： 1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 8. 在1992年他住在这里。 9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了。 11.我认识他们五年了。 12.他们已去了美国五年了。 13.自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。 14.他们已经结婚10年。 15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 16.这会已开了多长时间了 17.这门已经关了两天了。 18.我入团2年了。 19.他们已经相互认识。 20.我已经在农场里呆了五年 21.我入团2年了。 I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years. I _________ _________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years. I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years. you eatten fish and french frise have lost my chemistry book. 3 i have never been to that farm. already had lunch. 5 have you seen this movie yet 6 my brother has not returned. 7 i have seen this movie last week. 8 he has lived here since 1992. 9 i have had this dictionary for three years. 10 he has left China for three years. 11 they have known each other for five years. 12 they have been in the USA for five years. 13 he has lived here since he moved Fuzhou. 14 they have married for ten years. 15 my sister has been a university student for three years. 16 how long has the meeting kept 17 the door has closed for two days. 18 i have joined in the Communist Youth League for two years. 19 they have known each other since 1999. 20 i have been in the farm for five years.
现在完成时句型翻译练习
现在完成时句型翻译练习 一、翻译下列句子： 1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我哥哥还没回来。 7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 8. 在1992年他住在这里。 9.这本字典我已买了三年了。 10.他离开中国三年了。 11.我认识他们五年了。 12.他们已去了美国五年了。 13.自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。 14.他们已经结婚10年。 15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 16.这会已开了多长时间了？ 17.这门已经关了两天了。 18.我入团2年了。 19.他们已经相互认识。 20.我已经在农场里呆了五年
参考答案： 1.Have you eaten fish and French fries? 2.I have lost my chemistry book. 3 I have never been to that farm. 4. He already had lunch. 5 Have you seen this movie yet? 6 My brother has not returned. 7 I have seen this movie last week. 8 He has lived here since 1992. 9 I have had this dictionary for three years. 10He has left China for three years. 11 They have known each other for five years. 12 They have been in the USA for five years. 13 He has lived here since he moved Fuzhou. 14 They have married for ten years. 15 My sister has been a university student for three years. 16 How long has the meeting kept? 17 The door has closed for two days. 18I have joined in the Communist Youth League for two years. 19 They have known each other since 1999. 20 I have been in the farm for five years.
英语现在完成时(完整)
现在完成时The Present Perfect Tense 一.Form: 1.肯定句: S (主语)+have/has+PP(过去分词) 2. 否定句: S (主语)+have/has+not +PP(过去分词) 3.疑问句 Have/has+ S (主语)+PP(过去分词)? Yes, S+have/has. No,S+have/hasn?t. 助动词have和has可前面的主语缩略为?ve, …s.如they?ve, we?ve, he?s, it?s; has not=hasn?t have not=haven’t 二、过去分词的构成 1.+ed work, plant,call 2.e+d live, change, like, love, agree, save, hate, move, arrive,,skate, hope, use 3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写＋ed. 如：plan, stop, drop, fit(适合), prefer(更喜欢), travel ４。以辅音字母＋y，结尾，变y为i＋ed try, study, carry, hurry, cry, worry, copy 三，用法： 1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与以下词连用，already, yet, just, now, 例如： I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”） already(“已经”，用在肯定句) I have already finished my homework. yet （“已经”,用在疑问句;“还”用在否定句） Has he finished his homework yet? She hasn?t finished her homework yet. just(“刚刚”，用在肯定句) We have just finished our homework. now(现在) I have had my breakfast now. 2. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次，而现在已成为经历或经验的动作或状态，常与以下词连用。 ever(“曾经”，用在疑问句中) Have you ever been to Hong Kong? never(“从未” 表示否定) I?ve never been there. before(以前) He has seen her before. once(“曾经”“一次，用在肯定句),twice, three times… She has been there once. 3.表示动作从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段的时间状语
新概念现在完成时练习题及答案
新概念的现在完成时练习卷 Exercise: I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here? A. come B. got C. arrived D. been 2. My grandpa died _________. A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6. 3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. gone C. went D. never been 4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her. A. after B. since C. for D. that 5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times. A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet 6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it? --Just 2 weeks. A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had 7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years. A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live 9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? -- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to 10. --____ you ever ____ to the US? -- Yes, twice.
初中英语现在完成时
现在完成时 一．含义：表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。 二．结构： 助动词have/ has + 过去分词done ★肯定句：主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done 否定句：主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done 一般疑问句： Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词done 简略答语： Yes, 主语 + have/ has. No, 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t. ★过去分词： 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成 规则相同。四点变化规则： (1). 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”: work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2). 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”: live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”: study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再 加“ ed ”: stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2. 不规则动词 三．用法 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大 标志词: ①already, just和yet： He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
初中英语现在完成时
1 / 4 现在完成时讲解与练习 如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情” 等等，该如果表达呢？首先请看下面的句子： （1）I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again. 这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了。 （2）Have you answered all the questions? 所有的问题你都回答了吗？ （3）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure? 你看过旅游宣传册吗？ （4）She has never visited the USA. 她从没有过去美国。 观察：以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是_____________________________, 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。 一、 现在完成时的概念。 ①现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 She has bought a car 她买了一辆车。 She has arrived. 她到了。 ② 表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。） I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. 二、构成： ”助动词have, has + 过去分词” 练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。 1. I have done my homework. 否定句：_______________________________________ 一般疑问句：___________________________________ 回答：_________________________________________ 2. The plane has arrived. 否定句：_______________________________________ 一般疑问句：___________________________________ 回答：_________________________________________ 三、 现在完成时用法归纳 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用短暂性动词) 如： The plane has arrived. 常用的时间状语和副词： 如： I have already done my homework. 如： Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？ 练：I have already done my homework. (变为否定句)
新概念一现在完成时.(优选)
现在完成时 现在完成时：表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有关系，即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。 一、现在完成时的构成助动词have/has+ done 二、主要用法 （1）表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和后果。 1. He has just turned off the light. （他刚把灯关了。） 言下之意：现在灯不亮了。 2. I have already finished my homework. （我已经完成了作业。） 言下之意：现在不用做作业了 （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或状态，但动作或状态可能仍在继续。 1. She has lived here since she was born.自从她出生时就一直住在这儿。 （3）表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。 1. Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾去过北京吗？ 2. I have never had a car. 我从没有过汽车。 三、现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时常与“不确定的时间状语”连用。如：（1）already已经；（2）yet还（多用于否定句和疑问句中）；（3）never从不；（4）before在此之前（5）just刚刚；（6）recently最近；（7）so far到目前为止； （2）还可以与表示“一段时间的状语”连用。
Ⅰsince 1. since+时间点 I have worked here since 2006. 2006年以来，我一直在这里工作。 2. since+一段时间+ago I have known Lily since 2 years ago.自从两年前，我就认识了lily. Ⅱ for+一段时间（two days\two weeks\three years）表示持续……时间She has worked here for 3 years. 她在这里工作3年了。 四、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 （1）一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。而现在完成时是表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。 （2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语复习可见新概念L72所附表格！注意：just now和 a moment ago是一般过去时的时间状语。 句型比较： 1、I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。————现在完成时 言下之意：还没有找到，现在没有笔用。和现在有关。 2、I lost my pen yesterday. 我昨天把笔丢了。————一般过去时 意思是：笔是昨天弄丢的。陈述了下笔丢了的事实，对现在没有造成影响，和现在没有关系。 五、现在完成时的基本句型
现在完成时讲解和练习(中文讲解)
现在完成时的用法和练习 一、现在完成时的基本用法 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果。常用副词just, already和yet， 通常译作：刚刚做了某事，已经做了某事，还没有做某事现在完成时的 此类用法只用一般疑问句提问。 He has left Beijing. 他已经离开北京了。(He is not in Beijing now.) I have just had lunch. 我刚刚吃过午饭。( I am not hungry now.) She has already cleaned the house. 她已经把房子打扫过了。(The house is now very clean.) We haven’t thrown out the trash. 我们还没有把垃圾扔出去。（The trash is still in the house.） Have you done your homework yet? 你的作业已经做了吗？ Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Ex. 1. We ___________ just ___________ (have) a P.E. class. We are very tired now. 2. She _______________________ (not find) the key __________. She can’t get into the house. 3. He ______________________ (go) home. He is not at school now. 4. __________ you __________ (tell) your parents about it _________? 5. I __________ already __________ (tidy) the room. It’s not messy any longer. 2. 表示到现在为止曾经有过某种经历。常用副词ever, never 和before. 通常译 作：曾经做过某事此类用法通常也只用一般疑问句提问或是用how many times 提问。 Have you ever swum in the sea? No, never. Have you ever eaten pizza? Yes. A lot of times. I have been to America once. He has never traveled by ship. Have you drunk whisky before? How many times have you visited the Great Wall? * This is the most interesting book I have ever read. * This is the second time I have flown in a plane. Ex. 1. --__________ you __________________ (ever run) marathon? --No, I haven’t. It’s too hard for me. 2. He _________________________ (visit) the Summer Palace three times. 3. --__________ you __________________ (ever be) to Macao? --Yes, I have. It’s an interesting place. 4. This is the highest building I ___________________________ (ever see). 5. I __________________________________ (never play) golf. 6. This is the first time she ___________________________ (be) a volunteer. 3. 表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常用for + 一段时间, since＋过去的一个时间点或一般过去时的从句, (since 1980/two years ago/he moved to this city) so far, recently, in the last/past … years 等副词或短语。通常译作：做某事做了多长时间了，自从某时就一直做某事，到目前为止已经做了此类完成时的用法通常用how long 提问, 或是有关量的提问。 I have been a teacher for five years. They have worked in the company since 1998. --How long have played computer games? --For two hours. He has lived in Beijing since he was born. I haven’t seen him recently. --How many English words have you learned so far? --About 1500. Ex. 1.I ____________________ (know) him for ten years. 2.We _____________________ (live) in this house since 1990. 3.I ________________________ (not see) her since she ____________________ (leave) Beijing. 4.She ________________________ (write) five books since she _________________ (become) a writer. 5.They ______________________ (not spend) a holiday in the last few years. * 注意：在这类现在完成时的句子中，动词必须是持续性/延续性动词，这一点与中文不同。中文中点动词（终止性动词或非持续性动词）也可以和 表示一段时间的状语连用。而在英语句子中必须将这些动词换成相对 应的持续性动词。比较下面的句子：
现在完成时练习题.doc(50道题)
现在完成时练习题 一、翻译下列句子： 1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗? 2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书. 3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场. 4. 他已经吃过午饭了. 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗? 6. 我哥哥还没回来. 7. 我上星期看过这部电影. 8. 在1992年他住在这里. 9.这本字典我已买了三年了. 10.他离开中国三年了. 11.我认识他们五年了. 12.他们已去了美国五年了. 13.自从他搬到福州,他就住这儿了. 14.他们已经结婚10年. 15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年. 16.这会已开了多长时间了? 17.这门已经关了两天了. 18.我入团2年了. I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago. I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years. I _________ _________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years. I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years. 19.自从1999年以来他们就认识. 20.我来到农场已5年了. 二、用过去时或现在完成时填空： 1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?”“Yes.” “When ________ you __________ (have) it?”“I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.” 2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.” 3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?”“Not yet.” 4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?”“Yes, just once.” 5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work. 6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now. 7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words. 8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet. 9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum. 10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke? 11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? ““Yes, I __________ .”“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?”“I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?”“Yesterday.” 三、用since和for填空 1. ______ two years
初中英语现在完成时
现在完成时讲解与练习 如果你想说“我已经看过某部电影，所以不想看了”、“某人曾经做过什么事情”等等，该如果表达呢？首先请看下面的句子： （1）I have seen the film. I don’t want to see it again. 这部电影我已经看过，不想再看了。 （2）Have you answered all the questions? 所有的问题你都回答了吗？ （3）Have you ever looked at a travel brochure? 你看过旅游宣传册吗？ （4）She has never visited the USA. 她从没有过去美国。 观察：以上句子的谓语动词的一个共同特点是_____________________________, 用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响。我们把这种时态称为“现在完成时”。 一、现在完成时的概念。 ①现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 She has bought a car 她买了一辆车。 She has arrived. 她到了。 ②表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 We've known each other since we were children. （我们从小就认识。） I have been a member of the Party for 10 years. 二、构成：”助动词have, has + 过去分词” 现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以work为例）： 练. 把下面变否定句、一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。 1. I have done my homework. 否定句：_______________________________________ 一般疑问句：___________________________________ 回答：_________________________________________ 2. The plane has arrived. 否定句：_______________________________________ 一般疑问句：___________________________________ 回答：_________________________________________ 三、现在完成时用法归纳 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现已完成，对现在造成的影响和结果。(此种用法谓语动词用短暂性动词) 如：The plane has arrived. 常用的时间状语和副词： 如：I have already done my homework. 如：Has she finished cooking yet? 他做完饭了吗？ 练：I have already done my homework. (变为否定句) / 4
现在完成时练习题及答案(精华版)
现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： 1）since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes. 3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在） They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。