(完整版)同位语
同位语
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
用法1
由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
（Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人。）
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。
用法2
如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
（brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。）
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
（同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。）
用法3
同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。
以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的基本形式，一般不会出错。但有有几种同位语，或由于本身结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。
特殊同位语归纳
1. 代词we, us, you等后接同位语
Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗？
They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。
She has great concern for us students.她对我们学生很关心。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。
We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
2. 不定式用作同位语
Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位)
3. -ing分词用作同位语
He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)
4. 形容词用作同位语
The current affair,the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。
People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。
【注】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：
The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.
5. none of us之类的结构用作同位语
We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。
We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go. 他们两人都不想去。
They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence. 他们两人谁也没能赢得她的信任。
【注】同位语并不影响其后句子谓语的“数”，如：
学生每人都有一本词典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
误：The students each has a dictionary.
请比较下面一句（谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语）：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6. 从句用作同位语（即同位语从句）
They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。
I received a message that she would be late. 我得到的信息说她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。
【英语语法分类汇总】同位语从句
编辑点评：在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。
一、同位语从句的定义和特点
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion 等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
引导同位语从句的连接词
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何
成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限
同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
1.定于从句中的that 既可代替先行词，同时又可在从句中作某个成分（主语
或宾语），that作宾语时常省略；而同位语中的that是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当句中的任何成分，that一般不可省(the fact that 结构中that有时可省略)
2.定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它
的性质或特征，同位语从句等于先行词，是名词性的，起功能是对名词作补充说明。
3.同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如idea, belief, conclusion,
impression等，而定语从句的先行词可以是各种表示抽象概念或具体概念的词。
The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting.(定语从句，that在从句总作宾语)
The proposal that we should import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.（同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分）
区分时可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.
因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
在on condition that, on the suppositions, on the grounds, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the understanding, on the assumption, on the pretence等后可以跟同位语从句。
四、典型例题
1. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt____ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
2. A warm thought suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday．
A. if
B. when
C. that
D. which
3. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why
B. that
C. where
D. because
4. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
5. Danby left a word with my secretary ____________ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习 同位语从句讲义及练习 一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质 在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上 为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。 例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。 二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句 1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whe】ther 引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
英语同位语部分讲解
同位语 1.名词短语充当同位语 1. Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bon Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering，has been crude. ’(1998-2-5) 哈佛学者、一家迅速发展的面包咖啡连锁店的前总执行官.莱昂纳多史莱辛格说.许多“重组”是不成熟的。 2. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked "antiscience" in several books, notably Higher Superstition，by Paul R. Gross,a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. (1998-3-2) 由于科学经费减少，科学家在好几本著作中对“反科学”进行了攻击。值得注意的是，弗吉尼亚大学的生物学家保罗R 格洛斯和罗特杰斯大学的数学家诺曼列维合著的《高级迷信》；康奈尔大学的卡多萨根所著的《魔鬼出没的世界》。 3. Intellect, according to Hosfstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. (2004-4-6) 在霍夫斯旦德看来,才智和天分是不同的，天分是我们不大情愿羡慕的品质。 4. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. (2003-4-5) 我也深知在医疗开销少得多的日本和瑞典，他们的人均寿命比我们长，而且更健康， 5. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. (1999-3-2) 相反，我们对美国公民有某种理念，如果他不能充分判断他的生活和幸福如何受到其外界的影响，他就是一个不完善的人。 2. that 引导的从句充当同位语 1. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s，neurologists had
高中英语从句总结
高中英语从句总结 1）主语从句 1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 （2）从属连词whether.如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why.如： What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。 解释： 1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： +be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 +be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that从句。如： It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。 It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 +be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如： It is said that has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 +seem，happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at 似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。 +doesn’t matter（makes no difference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
英语同位语用法的六种易错点
英语同位语用法的六种易错点 当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。如： Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉·迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。 Influenza, a common disease, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。 Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planni ng to attend the university. 玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一，她正准备上大学。 Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个人是谁? We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。 以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的基本形式，一般不会出错。但有有几种同位语，或由于身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。 一、代词we, us, you等后接同位语 Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗? They three joined the school team. 他们3人参加了校队。
She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。 【温馨提示】若能在书面表达中巧妙地用上一两处这样的同位语，也可以算为你的作文增加了一个小亮点。 二、不定式用作同位语 Soon came the order to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order 同位) He followed the instruction to walk along a certain stre et where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along…与the instruction同位) 【温馨提示】当心单项填空就这类结构命题。 三、-ing分词用作同位语 He’s getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位) She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位) The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first pla n同位) 四、形容词用作同位语
高中英语分隔同位语从句
英语中，同位语从句一般是紧跟在所修饰的词后，但是，由于表达不同意义的需要，从句可以被其它句子成分隔开，这种从句叫做“分隔同位语从句（separate appositive clause）”。分隔同位语从句也是英语中比较常见的一种语言现象，现将分隔同位语从句简单归纳一下。 一、被状语隔开： 1、条件状语： I had the feeling---if one can actually receive feeling from Oliver Barrett Ⅲ---that he meant to give me the money. 假如一个人确实能够从奥利弗·巴雷特三世那儿得到感觉的话，那么，我觉得他打算给我钱。 2、程度状语： We have no idea at all that he has gone.我们一点儿都不知道他已经走了。 After that they gave their father the bags of gold and there is no doubt at all they all lived together happily ever after. 接着，他们把那几袋金子给了父亲，毫无疑问，从那儿以后，他们就幸福地生活在一起了。 It was most surprising that the mother wa sn’t surprised at the news at all that her son was knocked down by a car on his way to school.儿子在上学的路上被车撞倒，母亲得知此事竟毫不惊慌，这很是让人吃惊． 3、方式状语： We’ve just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come . 我
高中同位语从句专项语法习题
高中同位语从句专项语法习题 1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./ D.it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
英语同位语
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。 例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。 I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。 二、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句用法小结
同位语从句用法小结 在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、常见带有同位语从句的抽象名词 advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim（声明、主张），conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement（声明、陈述），suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word 二、同位语从句连接词的选用 在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，whether），连接代词(what ,who等)连接副词（how，when，where）。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. I have no idea what he is doing now.。 There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。 He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there. It's a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题 注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that Tom will keep his promise. 三、同位语从句在句中的位置 1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如： The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如： The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
高考英语同位语从句考点
高考英语最可能考的同位语从句 英语中有两类从句所修饰的名词可以叫“先行词”，一类是定语从句，一类是同位语从句。同学们知道，定语从句所修饰的先行词数量很多，单是指人和指物的名词就有千千万万个，但英语中的同位语从句则不同，它所修饰的先行词非常有限，中学英语中最常用的可能只有几十个，并且高考可能重点的考查只有十几个： 1. chance 可能性 chance后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某事发生的可能性。如： I think that there is every chance that you will succeed. Do you think there’s any chance that you could get a job in Paris 2. doubt 怀疑 doubt后接that引导的同位语从句，表示对某事的怀疑。如： There is no doubt that the world is getting warmer. There’s no doubt that one day a cure will be found. 3. fact 事实 fact后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个事实的具体内容。如： The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality. The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. In spite of the fact that hotel prices have risen sharply, the number of tourists is as great as ever. 4. evidence证据 evidence后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个证据的具体内容。如： Do you have evidence that this treatment works Is there any scientific evidence that a person's character is reflected in their handwriting 5. hope希望 hope后接that引导的同位语从句，表示希望的具体内容。如： Is there any hope that they will be home in time The President has expressed the hope that relations will improve. 6. idea 想法 idea后接that引导的同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。如： It’s based on the idea that all people are created equal. Where did you get the idea that she doesn’t like you
高中同位语从句___概念讲解
高中同位语从句___概念讲解 高中同位语从句概念讲解 所谓同位语，是指跟在某些名词的后面，对前者做进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括，但不对前者起修饰作用的一种句子成分。 ,、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位语从句相当于名词，属于名词性从句，它是对前面名词内容的具体表述，它们之间的关系是同位关系。 ,、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅把主句与从句连接在一起，是从属连词。 ,、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物，否则引导的就是同位语从句。 ,、whether, what 可引导同位语从句，但通常不可引导定语从句。 ,、同位语从句常跟在 news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后，而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。 Step1 找出下列句子中的同位语: 1.The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money( 2. We four were greatly touched to hear the old man’s story( 3.He has read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.
高中-同位语从句详细讲解与练习(附答案)
同位语从句讲义 1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。 2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 W e haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别? that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上 that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。 在从句中不充当句子成分。 不可省。 that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用， 还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作 动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。 同位语从句 是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。 详细信息一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 1. 名词作同位语 Mr Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。 2.短语作同位语 I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。 3. 直接引语作同位语 But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？” 4. 句子作同位语 The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。 同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定" 一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句。） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
同位语用法
用法 用法1 由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 （Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人。） Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。 用法2 如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。 He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor. 他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。 （brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。） Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James. 昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。 （同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。） 用法3 同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。 We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 He is interested in sports, especially ball games. 他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。 [编辑本段] 同位语从句 先行词 1．定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，plan，fact，theory，promise，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， thought，belief，conclusion等少数名词。 例如： ①The boy who is playing football is my classmate． ②Those who work hard will succeed． ③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody． ④Th e fact that you are talking about is important． 在①句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 在②句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。 在③句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，④句便是一例。 由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。 2．when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。
高考英语语法——同位语从句
Grammar—appositive clauses＆predicative clauses 名词性从句之同位语＆表语从句 同位语从句： I.明确概念与特征： 1. 同位语从句常放在名词之后，用来补充说明名词的具体内容。常用来接同位语从句的名词有news, idea, promise, question, doubt, wonder, fact, hope, wish, suggestion, advice, possibility, message, word, belief, information等。常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that, what, who, whether以及连接副词where, when, why, how 等。如： The news that their children couldn’t come back on time worried all the parents. I had no idea when the storm would end. 2. 不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡，同位语从句也不一定直接放在名词后，而会出现隔离情况。如： Word came that the sports meet had been put off. Suddenly a good idea occurred to me that I could buy my teacher a gift. 3. 同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词加以修饰。如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come? Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. Exciting word came that I passed the exam. II. 正确选用引导词 一般来说根据句意来确定相应的引导词，并且从句要用陈述句的语序。 1.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分，但不可省略； The idea that we play football after class is great. 2.在表示是否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if； The question whether you can go to an ideal university depends on your effort. 3.从句若缺少主语,宾语或定语用连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which），若缺少状语用连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。 I have no idea which mobile phone is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste. At last I made a decision that I would never come back again. The question what we should do with this situation is under discussion. All of us had no idea why he refused our help. The question why he didn’t attend the meeting puzzled us. We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light. 4.在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that we will win the final match. I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time. III. 注意从句中的时态 一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。但在表示请求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用(should) do，(如demand, wish, suggestion, advice，order等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如 I have no idea when he will be back. I accepted my father’s advice that I (should) apologize to my friend.
普通高中英语同位语从句专项练习(四)
同位语从句专项练习（四）(总分50） 姓名：得分： 1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. Which 2.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. When 3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5. I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. Which 10 The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. hat B. what C. which D. why 11.I will follow the doctor's advice that a good rest for a few days. A.had B.will have C.have D.must have 12.Now there is a danger ________ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic. A. whether B. if C. / D. that 13. At that time I had no idea ________ I could hand it to him without being seen. A. if B. how C. which D.whether