外文翻译plc
外文翻译
基于PLC的控制系统在污水处理中的应用
介绍了以PLC为核心的分布式控制系统在污水处理系统中的应用。具体叙述了控制系统的结构、任务分配及实现、控制方式和程序设计思想.控制系统采用集中监测管理、分散控制的方式，上位机负责现场设备的远程控制和监视，软件采用Intouch7. 0编制。PLC本地站负责对具体的工艺、设备、主要被控参数进行控制及采集各种运行数据，程序设计采用具有在线跟踪和离线仿真功能的Concept 2. 2XL软件。上位机与PLC之间采用组网简单、运行速度快、通信稳定性强的MB+网。整个控制系统成功地解决了PLC在污水处理中的自动化控制问题，提高了污水处理设备运行效率和管理水平。
近年来，为了实现高质量、低消耗、稳定可靠的运行。国内外许多污水处理厂采用了现代先进控制技术和计算机技术，从而构成计算机监督、控制、管理系统.使系统优化运行。而可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）则是以微处理器为核心。综合了计算机技术自动控制技术和通信技术而发展起来的一种新型、通用的自动控制装置。具有结构简单、性能优越、可靠性高、灵话通用、易于编程、使用方便等优点等。银川市第一污水处理厂采用了SBR工艺及以PLC为核心的控制系统，日处理污水10 x 104 t处理后的达标污水可用于农业灌溉。
1 控制系统结构
控制系统采用“集中监测管理，分散控制”的方式。模拟屏、上位机、集线器、打印机位于中控室，二台PLC位于控制现场。采用这种结构可使生产过程中的信息能够集中管理，以实现整体操作、管理和优化。同时，也使得控制危险分散，提高系统可靠性。
1.1上位机
中控室的两台上位计算机采用PII级工控机，运行Windows NT操作系统。上位机负责现场设各的远程控制(全自动控制、自动控制、点动控制)和监视，利用Intouch7. 0工程软件包提供良好的人机对话界而，以查询方式从PLC获取有关参数和设备状态信息，以棒图形式在CRT上直观显示出来，同时打印必要的数据，供主控及管理人员指导生产。监控界而包括系统总图、系统分图、模拟量一览表、参数设置、报警窗、历史趋势、登录窗等界而.在系统总图里，运行人员能够监视所有控制设备的运行状态、设备事故及液位、流量等信号.在系统分图里，操作人员能够对所有控制设备进行单机点动运行操作、成组自动运行操作或全厂全自动操作并监视。同时上位机2兼做编程器.中控室另设置一个镶嵌式模拟屏，由上位机1控制，用以直观显示全厂工艺流程及主要参数值。
1.2 PLC站
根据污水处理的二部分，现场设备的远程控制输出和现场信号采集由二个PLC木地控制站完成。PLC1本地控制站控制格栅、污水提升泵房、曝气沉砂池等预处理部分。PLC2本地控制站控制污泥脱水、压滤机等部。PLC3本地控制站控制SBR生物处理部分.另外，在现场本地控制站各设1台操作终端设各，负责在本地对现场设各的控制(自动控制、点动控制)。
现场各个监控点的物理参数，包括水位、温度、流量、转速、电流等模拟量，由对应的一次仪表传感器或变送器检测出来并转变为4～20 mA电流信号，经屏蔽电缆送到各个子系统的PLC内，由PLC通过各种模块接口采样电信号。同样，
模拟量控制信号由PLC输出后以4～20mA电流形式送到执行机构，控制执行机构的动作。
施耐德公司的Modicon Quantum系列PLC为满足开放的、基于标准的网络连接和现场总线连接等应用技术提供了多种网络选择，支持Modbus,Mod-bus Plus（MB+），远程I/0, TCP/IP等网络连接，具有较强的灵活性。因此，污水处理中用到的PLC选用施耐德的Modicon Ouantum系列。
1.3通信
MB+协议是Modicon公司推出的一个开放式的采用IEEE802. 4令牌协议的现场总线通信5协议。MB+网络同其他网络相比具有组网简单、投资少、网络速度快、通信稳定性强等特点，它使计算机、控制器和其他数据源通过使用双绞线或光缆在整个网络上作为同位体进行通信。而Modicon Quantum系列PLC的CPU模块含有MB+通信口，因此，通信网络选用MB+网络.中控室的两台上位机、二个PLC本地控制站通过MB+网络连接在一起。PLC的CPU模块通过MB+通信口与两台上位机进行数据交换，采集上位监控系统的各种操作指令及现场检测信号和数据，经过分析处理，通过输出模块向控制对象输出控制信号；同时，PLC通过MB+网向上位机返回各种数据，上位机对数据进行运算处理，显示各种信号和打印各种报表。
2 PLC控制程序设计
系统有四种控制方式：本地手动控制，单一台设备点动控制，成组设备自动控制，全厂设备全自动控制。前二种方式一般只在设各调试或维修时使用，系统主要以全自动控制方式运行。在这种方式下，所有各类设备都由PLC按照预先编制的程序自动控制，不需要操作人员干预.各种现场数据通过PLC传至上位机，在上位机上描绘出来，使全厂的工艺、设备运行得到全面的控制。
PLC3站控制的生物处理部分是整个污水处理的关键部分，限于篇幅，仅以PLC3站的程序设计为例。
2.1控制过程
PLC3站用来控制从污水进入曝气池到处理后的污水流出曝气池的整个过程。在这个过程中，包括控制各种阀、泵、风机的顺序及定时开关和风机的转速调节等。曝气池是污水处理的核心构筑物，污水在池中是通过微生物的生物氧化作用来去除有机物的，水中氧的含量对污水的处理效果是至关重要的。根据SBR 工艺要求，曝气池内的溶解氧含量通常控制在1～3 mg/L范围内，在曝气阶段末溶解氧含量应不超过2 mg/L.含氧量过低或过高，均会影响出水质量。对日处理10 x 104 t的4组8池模式的SBR反应池，每组反应池配一台由变频器控制的风机，用于向两个曝气池轮流曝气供氧。在每个曝气池的不同地点设4块溶解氧测试仪，测量池中污水的含氧量，PLC每隔5 min检测一次曝气池内的溶解氧值，根据溶解氧的平均值来控制风机转速。若溶解氧低于设定下限时，调频风机转速增加5 % ；若溶解氧高于设定上限时，调频风机转速降低5 %.这样，就实现了曝气池供氧量的自动调节，既避免了不必要的能源损失，又优化了运行工艺。2.2 PLC程序设计
采用的编程软件是Concept 2. 2XL。Concept是基于Windows下的PLC编程工具，具有良好的用户界面，并具有在线跟踪及离线仿真功能。PLC3站的控制程序分为五个程序模块。
（1）公用程序模块——包括初始化部分、时分秒等时问脉冲单元、SBR反应周期设定、溶解氧设定等。
（2）开关量顺序控制模块——协调控制各个阀、泵、风机等设备的运行及相关故障的报警。SBR池的进气阀、进水阀、回流泵、剩余污泥泵由PLC根据污水处理周期的工艺时间段控制，出水阀由PLC根据工艺时间和超声液位仪的测量值来控制。
（3）断电保护模块——系统断电后，PLC将所有状态锁存，待加电后使PLC 恢复所保持的状态继续运行。
（4）通信模块——用来完成PLC与上位机的各种数据传送。
（5）溶解氧值自动调节模块——根据溶解氧值调节风机转速以及相关故障的报警。调节转速的目标是在整个曝气周期中，保证溶解氧的值为2 mg/L.采用的控制策略如下：曝气周期开始，风机以全速运行，以使溶解氧在较短的时问内达到2 mg/L，同时以5 min为周期检测溶解氧值。当溶解氧值大于2mg/L时，风机转速下降5 %；当溶解氧值小于2 mg/L时，风机转速上升5%.如果风机转速升到允许的最高转速时，溶解氧值还小于2mg/L，则维持最高转速。这种情况有可能在曝气周期的末期出现，但并不会明显地影响污水处理质量。
在曝气的整个周期内，随时监控变频器的输出电流值，使其不超过变频器的额定值。如遇到意外情况使输出电流超过额定值时，立即降低风机转速。如果风机转速降到允许的最低转速时，输出电流还超过额定值，则停风机，同时发出报警信号。
随着自动控制技术的发展，UNITANK工艺越来越得到广泛应用。目前以经验为主，以DO、时间、流量作为工艺控制参数，来调整曝气机的运行及排泥时间等，缺乏准确的数学模型来实现SBR法的更高层次的自动控制。有人曾提出以COD或DO为参数的模糊控制的思想。今后SBR法的自动控制的研究方向主要是寻找多个控制参数，既能反映进水的水质水量变化及反应过程中的降解情况，又能作为计算机控制参数。
PLC集顺序控制和过程控制于一体，具有可靠性高，使用方便、灵活，组网简单的特点，是实现中小规模工业自动化的有力工具。在污水处理中，基于PLC 的控制系统在实时性、可靠性、精确性等力一而满足了设计要求，保证了污水处理的顺利进行。
由于Internet的快速发展，希望能够通过Internet来访问污水处理厂的自控系统，只需要输入用户名和密码便可实现远程的Internet来对全厂的设备进行控制。同时通过Internet将污水处理厂的污水数据输送到国家环保总局或者市环保局，以便卜级部门对污水处理厂的管理。
译文：
Application of control system on the base of PLC in
sewage treatment
The paper introduces a distributed control system of sewage treatment, and the core of the system is PLC. The structure of the control system, the assignment and implementation of the tasks, the control scheme and the design concept of program are expounded. The way of central monitoring management and dispersing control is used by the control system; the long一distance control and monitoring of field equipment are uncharged of the upper computer; the software program of designs uses Intouch7. 0. The specific technology, equipment, the controlling of main parameter and several running data are uncharged of the PLC stations, and the software program of designs uses Concept 2. 2XL with online tracking and outline simulating. MB+ net is adopted by the communication between the upper computer and the PLC stations, with its simply building net, quickly running and stable communication. The automatic control of PLC has been successfully completed in sewage treatment, which has improved the operation efficiency and management level of sewage treatment equipment
Introduced to take PLC as the distribute type control system of core in the wastewater treatment system of apply。Concretely described the structure, mission of the control system an allotment and carry out, the way of control and the thought of the program design.The way controled the concentration monitor of the system adoption a management and scattered a control, the place of honor machine be responsible for the spot the long range of the equipments control and surveillance, software adoption Intouch7. 0 draw up.The PLC native station is responsible for to the concrete craft, equipments and is mainly controled parameter to carry on control and collect various movement data, the program design adoption have on-line follow with off-line imitate the Concept of true function 2. 2 XL software.Place of honor machine and of the PLC adoption set the net be quickly simple and circulate speed, correspond by letter the stability strong MB+net.The whole control system successfully solved the PLC controls a problem in the automation within wastewater treatment and raised a wastewater treatment equipments to circulate an efficiency and manage level.
Recently, for carrying out high quality, low consume, stable dependable movement.Domestic and international many wastewater treatment factorieses adopted a modern forerunner to control technique and calculator technique and constitute calculator direct, control thus, manage system.Make system excellent to turn movement.But the programmable logic controller(PLC) then take microprocessor as core.Synthesize the calculator technique automatically controls technique and correspondence technique but develops of a kind of new and in general use utomatic control device.Have structure simple, function superior, dependable sex Gao, work properly words in general use, be easy to plait distance, usage convenience etc.
advantage etc..The silver Chuan City the first wastewater treatment factory adopted a SBR craft and take PLC as the control system of core, day after handling the sewage 10 ×104 t the processing of reach mark sewage can used for an agriculture irrigation.
1 Control system structure
Control the way of "concentration monitor management, scatter a control" of the system adoption.The emulation hold, place of honor machine, gather a line machine, printer to Be located on medium control room, two set PLCs are located on control the spot.Adopt this kind of structure can make the information in the production line can centralized management with carry out whole operation, management with excellent turn.Also make to control dangerous dispersion in the meantime, raise the system credibility.
1.1 The upper computers
Medium control two calculator adoption PII class works of room to control machine, circulate the operate system of Windows NT.The place of honor machine be responsible for on the scene establish each long range control(full-automatic control, automatic control, order to move a control) with surveillance, make use of Intouch7. 0 engineering software packages provide a good person machine dialogue boundary but obtain concerning parameter and equipments appearance information from the PLC by searching a way, keep a view manifestation to come out on the CRT by good sketch type, print a necessary data in the meantime and be provided for lord to control and manager instruction produce.Supervise and control boundary but include the system total diagram, system cent diagram, imitate the quantity general chart, parameter a constitution, report to the police a window, history trend and register a window etc. boundary but.In the system total diagram, circulate the personnel can keep watch on signals, such as all movement appearances, equipments trouble and liquid which control an equipments and discharge...etc..Operate a personnel in the system the cent the diagram can carry on a single machine point to move to circulate an operation to all control equipmentses, become the set automatically circulate operation or the whole factorieses full-automatic operation combine surveillance.In the meantime place of honor machine 2 and do a plait distance a machine.Medium control room to establish another an inset type emulation to hold, is been one control by the place of honor machine, in order to keep the craft process of the view manifestation whole factory and main parameter value.
1. 2 The PLC stand
According to wastewater treatment of two part, the spot the long range of the equipments the control output and the spot the signal collect to control a station completion from two PLC wood ground.PLC1 native control station control the space grid, sewage promote a pump house, Pu spirit to sink sand pond's etc. to prepare a processing part.The PLC2 native control station controls dirty mire to dehydrate, press to filter machine etc. department..PLC3 native control station control SBR living creature processing part.Moreover, the on the spot native control station is each to establish an operation terminal to establish each, be responsible for at native to establish each control on the scene.(automatic control, order to move a control)
The spot is each the physical parameter that the supervision order and include water level, temperature, discharge and turn soon, electric current's etc. imitate quantity, from to in response to of an appearance spread a feeling machine or change to send to a machine examination to come out and change into the electric current signal of the 4~20 mA, through shield inside the PLC that the electric cable sends to each statures system, from the PLC picks up a people through various mold piece sample telecommunication number.Same, imitate quantity control the signal send to performance organization by the 4~20 mA electric current form after being output by the PLC, control performance organization of action.
The Modicon Quantum series PLC of Schneider company is satisfy liberal of, according to standard of network conjunction and the spot total line conjunction etc. application the technique provided various network a choice, support Modbus,
Mod-bus Plus(MB+), the long range I/0, TCP/IP etc. network conjunction, have stronger and vivid.Therefore, the wastewater treatment is convenient to arrive of the PLC choose the series of Modicon Ouantum of use Schneider.
1. 3 Correspondences
MB+agreement is the Modicon company release of an open type of the adoption IEEE802. 4 correspond by letter 5 agreements the spot total line of card agreement.MB+the network together other networks compare to have a set of net simple, the investment be little, network speed quick, correspondence the stability strong etc. characteristics, it make calculator, controller and other data sources through an usage double wring line or fiber optic cable Be a body to together carry on correspondence at the whole network top.But the CPU mold piece of the Modicon Quantum series PLC imply MB+correspondence, therefore correspond by letter a network to choose to use MB+network.Medium control two machine, two control stations with native PLC of room to pass MB+the network link together.The PLC CPU mold piece passes MB+correspondence and two machines carry on data commutation and collect the place of honor supervision various operation instruction of the system and the spot the examination signal and data, through analysis handle, pass exportation mold piece to control object output control signal;In the meantime, the PLC passes MB+net upward the machine return to various data, place of honor machine logarithms according to carry on an operation processing, show various signal and print various statement.
2 The design of PLC control program
The system has four kinds of control methods:The native hand moves a control, single set equipments point moves a control, become a set, the equipments automatically controls, the whole factory equipments full-automatic control.Two kinds of ex- with general methods at establish each adjust to try or maintain usage, the system is mainly circulate with full-automatic control.Under this kind of way, all each kind of equipmentses from PLC according to in advance draw up of procedure auto control, don't need to operate a personnel an intervention.Various spot data spreads a highest machine through a PLC, come out in the place of honor on board description and make the craft, equipments movement of whole factorieses get an overall control.
The living creature processing part of the PLC3 station control is the whole
wastewater treatment of key part, be limited by space, only with the PLC3 stand of program design for example.
2.1 Process of control
The PLC3 stationses were use to control to get into Pu spirit from sewage, the pond is everywhere sewage run off Pu after manage spirit the whole process of the pond.Include turn of sequence and time- switch moderate breezes machine of control various valve, pump, breeze machine to soon regulate etc. in this process.The Pu spirit pond is the core of wastewater treatment to construct a thing, sewage is to come and go through a microbial living creature oxygenation in the pond in addition to organic matter, the processing effect of content to sewage of the oxygen in water is to go to a pass important.Request according to the SBR craft, the deliquescence oxygen in the Pu spirit pond content usually controls within the scope of 1~3 mgs/L and annoy a stage end to fuse an oxygen content in the Pu should be not over the 2 mgs/L.Contain the oxygen once measured low or lead Gao, all will influence a fluid matter quantity.Handle 4 sets of the 10 ×104 t the SBR of 8 pond modes to respond pond to the day, each one responds that the pond go together with a pedestal from change Pin machine control of breeze machine, used for annoying pond Pu spirit to by turn provide oxygen toward two Pus.Establish 4 pieces of deliquescence oxygen test instruments in the different location of each Pu spirit pond, measure contain of sewage amount of oxygen in pond, the PLC separates a 5 mins to examine a deliquescence oxygen in a Pu spirit pond value each time, according to fuse oxygen of average value to control breeze machine to turn soon.If fuse oxygen low limit at the bottom of the enactment, the frequency modulation breeze machine turns to soon increase 5%;If fuse oxygen Gao while set upper limit, the frequency modulation breeze machine turns to soon lower 5%.So, carried out Pu spirit pond to provide automatically regulate of the amount of oxygen, since avoided unnecessary energy loss, again excellent turned movement craft.
2. 2 The design of PLC program
The adoptive plait distance software is a Concept 2. 2 XLs.Concept is according to under the Windows of the PLC plait distance tool, have good customer's interface, and have on-line follow and off-line imitate true function.The control procedure of PLC3 stationses is divided into five procedure mold piece.
(1)Public mold pieces of procedure use-include a beginning to start to turn part, hour cent second etc. ask pulse unit, SBR to respond a period enactment, fuse oxygen enactment...etc..
(2)Order control mold pieces of the switch quantity -the coordination control report to the police of circulate and related breakdown of equipmentses, such as each valve, pump and breeze machine...etc.. The enter of SBR pond spirit valve, enter water valve, reflux pump, surplus dirty mire pump from PLC according to the craft of the wastewater treatment period time segment control, water valve from PLC according to craft time and super voice liquid the measured value of the instrument to control.
(3)Protection mold pieces of the off-power-system power failure after, the PLC saves all appearance locks and make after treating to add an electricity PLC
instauration keep of the appearance continue to circulate.
(4)Mold pieces of correspondences -use to complete PLC and various data transmission of place of honor machine.
(5)Fuse an oxygen value to automatically regulate a mold piece-according to fuse an oxygen value to regulate breeze machine to turn soon and report to the police of related breakdown.The target which regulates to turn soon promises the be worth of deliquescence oxygen as 2 mgs/L in the whole Pu spirit period.Adoptive control strategy is as follows:The Pu spirit period beginning, the breeze machine at top speed movement attains a 2 mgs/L in shorterly of the hour ask by making deliquescence oxygen and take 5 mins as a period to examine deliquescence oxygen to be worth in the meantime.When fuse an oxygen value big at the 2 mgs/L, the breeze machine turns to soon descend 5%;When fuse an oxygen value small at the 2 mgs/L, the breeze machine turns to soon rise 5%.If the breeze machine turns to soon rise to allow of tallest turn soon, fuse an oxygen value return small then maintain tallest to turn soon at the 2 mgs/L.This kind of circumstance may annoy the last phase of period to appear in the Pu, but also will not clearly influence wastewater treatment quality.
Supervise and control an exportation electric current of change the Pin machine value at any time in the Pu the spirit of the whole period, make it not exceed change the sum of Pin machine settle a value.If meet a surprised circumstance to make to output electric current exceed when the sum settle value, immediately lower breeze machine to turn soon.If the breeze machine turns to soon decline to allow of lowest turn soon, output electric current to return exceed the sum settle a value, then stop breeze machine and send out to report to the police signal in the meantime Along with automatic control technical development, the UNITANK craft more and more gets extensively applied.Regard experience as principle currently, use DO, time, discharge as a craft control parameter, adjust the Pu spirit circulate of machine and line up mire the etc. lack accurate mathematics model to carry out the automatic control of higher layer of SBR method for time.Someone once put forward took the COD or the do as parameter of misty control of thought.The research direction of the automatic control of SBR method mainly is to look for several control parameters from now on, since can reflect into water of fluid matter water quantity variety and reaction process in of decline a solution circumstance, and then can do for the calculator control parameter.
The PLC gathers in proper order control and process to control at the integral whole and have dependable sex Gao, usage convenience, vivid, set net simple of the characteristics be the emollient tool of the small scale industrial automation in the realization.In the wastewater treatment, according to PLC control system at solid sex, credibility, accurate sex etc. dint a but satisfied a design a request, promised wastewater treatment of smoothly progress.
Because of Internet fast development, hope can come to visit to ask wastewater treatment factory through an Internet of from control system, the Internet which needed to input user's name and password and then can carry out long range came to carried on a control to the equipments of whole factorieses.Transport the sewage data of wastewater treatment factory to the national environmental protection bureau
through an Internet in the meantime city environmental protection bureau perhaps, for the purpose of the Bu class management of section to wastewater treatment factory.
PLC外文翻译
外文翻译 原文：The open system merit of Computer Numerical Control The open system merit is the system simple, the cost low, but the shortcoming is the precision is low. The reverse gap, the guide screw pitch error, stop inferiorly can affect the pointing accuracy by mistake. Following several kind of improvements measure may cause the pointing accuracy distinct improvement. 1. reverse gap error compensates The numerical control engine bed processing cutting tool and the work piece relative motion is depends upon the drive impetus gear,the guide screw rotation, thus the impetus work floor and so on moves the part to produce moves realizes. As traditional part gear, guide screw although the manufacture precision is very high, but always unavoidably has the gap. As a result of this kind of gap existence, when movement direction change, starts the section time to be able to cause inevitably actuates the part wasting time, appears the instruction pulse to push the motionless functional element the aspect. This has affected the engine bed processing precision, namely the instruction pulse and actual enters for the step does not tally,has the processing error therefore, the split-ring numerical control system all establishes generally has the reverse gap error compensatory function, with by makes up which wastes time the step reverse gap difference compensates is first actual reverse enters for the error, converts the pulse equivalent number it, compensates the subroutine as the gap the output, when the computer judgment appears when instruction for counter motion, transfers the gap to compensate the subroutine immediately, compensates the pulse after the output to eliminate the reverse gap to carry on again normally inserts makes up the movement. 2. often the value systematic characteristic position error compensates A kind of storehouse by transfers for the designer. Like this in the components design stage, the designer only must input the characteristic the parameter, the system direct production characteristic example model: We must save the related characteristic class in the database the structure information, the database table collection are use in saving this part of related information. According to the characteristic type definition need, we defined the characteristic class code table, the
PLC外文文献翻译
Programmable logic controller A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result. 1.History The PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed. Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay. In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of the PLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner. One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84
基于PLC相关的毕业设计外文翻译(可编辑修改word版)
毕业论文（设计）外文翻译 题目：可编程逻辑控制器技术 系部名称：信息工程系专业班级： 学生姓名：学号： 指导教师：教师职称： 2014 年3 月XX 日
译文 可编程逻辑控制器技术 引言 PLC（可编程逻辑控制器）实际是一个工业控制系统（近来我们看到更多的是用处理器来取代微控制器），在软件和硬件都配备的条件下，适合应用于工业环境。PLC 的发明是相当必要的，它代替了传统的依靠由继电接触器电路来控制电机。PLC 的工作原理是根据它的输入信号和工作状态来确定输出。用户通常是通过软件或编程输入一个程序，来输出所需要的结果。 如图 8-1 所示，PLC 是由典型的黑色构件组成。特别需要注意的是它的输入和输出， 因为在这些模块上，工业环境会给 CPU 一个输入线，所以很有必要将 CPU 模块隔离以保护其免遭有害的影响。程序单元通常是用计算机来编写程序（一般是梯形图）。 1.1CPU 的中央处理单元 中央处理单元（CPU）是一个 PLC 的主控制器。一般 CPU 本身是一个微控制器。通常这些都是 8 位微控制器，如 8051 ，现在的这些是 16 位和 32 位微控制器。潜规则是，你会发现用在 PLC 控制器上的微控制器多数是由日本生产的日立和富士通，欧洲的西门子控制器，和美国的摩托罗拉微控制器。CPU 也负责通讯，与 PLC 控制器的其它部分相互联系，如程序执行，内存操作，监督输入和设置输出。PLC 控制器拥有复杂的程序用于内存检查，以确保 PLC 内存不被损坏（内存检查是为了安全原因而作出的）。一般来说，CPU 单元多数用来检查 PLC 控制器本身，所以有可能出现的错误很早就会被发现。你可以简单地看任何 PLC 控制器,查看错误信号在发光二极管上的种种指示形式。 1.2内存 系统内存（今天主要是在 FLASH 技术上实现）用于一台 PLC 的过程控制系统。除了 这个操作系统它还包含用户程序将梯形图翻译成二进制的形式。 FLASH 存储器的内容仅在 用户程序改变下可以改变。PLC 控制器较早被用来代替闪存，EPROM 存储器代替了那些只能依靠紫外线灯等擦除内存并依靠程序员来编程的 FLASH 存储器。在 FLASH 技术的作用下这个过程被大大的缩短了。重组程序内存通过程序中的串行通讯用于应用程序开发。使用内存被划分成多个具有特殊功能的模块。存储器某些部分用来存储输入状态和输出状态。一个 输入信号的实际状态是用 1 或0 存储在一个特定的存储位。每一个输入信号和输出信号在内存里都有一个位与之相对应。内存的其他部分用来存储用户程序中使用的变量以及变量的内容。例如，定时器的值和计数器的值都将被存储在这部分内存里。 1.3PLC 控制器的编程 PLC 控制器可以通过计算机（常用的方式）进行编程，还可以通过手动编程器（控制台）编程。这实际上意味着如果你有需要的编程软件那么每个 PLC 控制器都可以通过计算机进行编程。今天的传输计算机是非常适合在工厂对 PLC 控制器进行编程的。这对工业有着非常重要的意义。一旦系统被刷新，重新读取正确的程序到 PLC 就很重要。还可以定期检查 PLC 中的程序是否改变了。这有助于避免在工厂车间发生危险状况（部分汽车制造商建立了通信网络，定期检查项目中的 PLC 控制器，以确保执行的程序是正确的）。
plc外文翻译
1 Bit Logic In structi ons 1.1 Overview of Bit Logic In structi ons 1.1.1 Description Bit logic in structi ons work with two digits, 1 and 0. These two digits form the base of a nu mber system called the binary system. The two digits 1 and 0 are called binary digits or bits. In the world of con tacts and coils, a 1 in dicates activated or en ergized, and a 0 in dicates not activated or not en ergized. The bit logic in struct ions in terpret sig nal states of 1 and 0 and comb ine them accord ing to Boolea n logic. These comb in ati ons produce a result of 1 or 0 that is called the “result of logic operati on ” (RLO). The logic operations that are triggered by the bit logic instructions perform a variety of fun cti ons. There are bit logic in structio ns to perform the followi ng fun cti ons: ---| |--- Normally Ope n Co ntact (Address) ---| / |--- Normally Closed Con tact (Address) ---(SAVE) Save RLO into BR Memory XOR Bit Exclusive OR ---()Output Coil ---(# )--- Midli ne Output ---|NOT|--- In vert Power Flow The followi ng in structio ns react to an RLO of 1: ---(S ) Set Coil ---(R ) Reset Coil SR Set-Reset Flip Flop RS Reset-Set Flip Flop Other in structi ons react to a positive or n egative edge tran siti on to perform the followi ng functions: ---(N)--- Negative RLO Edge Detectio n ---(P)--- Positive RLO Edge Detectio n NEG Address Negative Edge Detectio n POS Address Positive Edge Detectio n
plc外文翻译
1 Bit Logic Instructions 1.1 Overview of Bit Logic Instructions 1.1.1 Description Bit logic instructions work with two digits, 1 and 0. These two digits form the base of a number system called the binary system. The two digits 1 and 0 are called binary digits or bits. In the world of contacts and coils, a 1 indicates activated or energized, and a 0 indicates not activated or not energized. The bit logic instructions interpret signal states of 1 and 0 and combine them according to Boolean logic. These combinations produce a result of 1 or 0 that is called the “result of logic operation” (RLO). The logic operations that are triggered by the bit logic instructions perform a variety of functions. There are bit logic instructions to perform the following functions: ---| |--- Normally Open Contact (Address) ---| / |--- Normally Closed Contact (Address) ---(SAVE) Save RLO into BR Memory XOR Bit Exclusive OR ---( ) Output Coil ---( # )--- Midline Output ---|NOT|--- Invert Power Flow The following instructions react to an RLO of 1: ---( S ) Set Coil ---( R ) Reset Coil SR Set-Reset Flip Flop RS Reset-Set Flip Flop Other instructions react to a positive or negative edge transition to perform the following functions: ---(N)--- Negative RLO Edge Detection ---(P)--- Positive RLO Edge Detection NEG Address Negative Edge Detection POS Address Positive Edge Detection
PLC控制系统外文翻译
附录 Abstract: Programmable controller in the field of industrial control applications, and PLC in the application process, to ensure normal operation should be noted that a series of questions, and give some reasonable suggestions. Key words: PLC Industrial Control Interference Wiring Ground Proposal Description Over the years, programmable logic controller (hereinafter referred to as PLC) from its production to the present, to achieve a connection to the storage logical leap of logic; its function from weak to strong, to achieve a logic control to digital control of progress; its applications from small to large, simple controls to achieve a single device to qualified motion control, process control and distributed control across the various tasks. PLC today in dealing with analog, digital computing, human-machine interface and the network have been a substantial increase in the capacity to become the mainstream of the field of control of industrial control equipment, in all walks of life playing an increasingly important role. ⅡPLC application areas Currently, PLC has been widely used in domestic and foreign steel, petroleum, chemical, power, building materials, machinery manufacturing, automobile, textile, transportation, environmental and cultural entertainment and other industries, the use of mainly divided into the following categories: 1. Binary logic control Replace traditional relay circuit, logic control, sequential control, can be used to control a single device can also be used for multi-cluster control and automation lines. Such as injection molding machine, printing machine, stapler machine, lathe, grinding machines, packaging lines, plating lines and so on. 2. Industrial Process Control In the industrial production process, there are some, such as temperature, pressure, flow, level and speed, the amount of continuous change (ie, analog), PLC using the appropriate A / D and D / A converter module, and a variety of control algorithm program to handle analog, complete closed-loop control. PID closed loop control system adjustment is generally used as a conditioning method was more. Process control in metallurgy, chemical industry, heat treatment, boiler control and so forth have a very wide range of applications 3. Motion Control PLC can be used in a circular motion or linear motion control. Generally use a dedicated motion control module, for example a stepper motor or servo motor driven single-axis or multi-axis position control module, used in a variety of machinery, machine tools, robots, elevators and other occasions. 4. Data Processing PLC with mathematics (including matrix operations, functions, operation, logic operation), data transfer, data conversion, sorting, look-up table, bit manipulation functions, you can complete the data collection, analysis and processing.Data
精品中英文外文翻译--PLC和微处理器-定
Introductions of PLC and MCU A PLC is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control. The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs .The user enters a program, usually via software or programmer that gives the desired results. PLC are used in many “real world” applications. If there is industry present, chances are good that there is a PLC present. If you are involved in machining, packaging, material handling, automated assembly or countless other industries, you are probably already using them. If you are not, you are wasting money and time. Almost any application that needs some type of electrical control has need for PLC. For example, let’s assume that when a switch turns on we want to turn a solenoid on for 5 seconds and then turn it off regardless of how long the switch is on for. We can do this with a simple external timer. What if the process also needed to count how many times the switch individually turned on? We need a lot of external counters. As you can see, the bigger the process the more of a need we have for a PLC. We can simply program the PLC to count its inputs and turn the solenoids on for the specified time. We will take a look at what i s considered to be the “top 20” PLC instructions. It can be safely estimated that with a firm understanding of there instructions one can solve more than 80% of the applications in existence. That‘s right, more than 80%! Of course we’ll learn more than jus t these instructions to help you solve almost ALL your potential PLC applications. The PLC mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas, and appropriate circuits to receive input/output data, as shown in Fig. 19.1 We can actually consider the PLC to be a box full of hundreds or thousands of separate relays, counters, timer and date storage locations. Do these counters, timers, etc. really exist? No, they don’t “physically” exist but rather they are simulated and can be considered software counters, timers, etc. These internal relays are simulated through bit locations in registers. What does each part do? INPUT RELAYS-(contacts) These are connected to the outside world. They physically exist and receive signals from switches, sensors, etc... Typically they are not relays but rather they are transistors.
PLC中英文资料外文翻译-(1)
可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展 摘自《可编程控制器技术讨论与未来发展》 数字媒体系 08165110 多衡随着时代的发展,当今的技术也日趋完善、竞争愈演愈烈;单靠人工的操作已不能满足于目前的制造业前景,也无法保证更高质量的要求和高新技术企业的形象. 人们在生产实践中看到,自动化给人们带来了极大的便利和产品质量上的保证,同时也减轻了人员的劳动强度,减少了人员上的编制.在许多复杂的生产过程中难以实现的目标控制、整体优化、最佳决策等,熟练的操作工、技术人员或专家、管理者却能够容易判断和操作,可以获得满意的效果.人工智能的研究目标正是利用计算机来实现、模拟这些智能行为,通过人脑与计算机协调工作,以人机结合的模式,为解决十分复杂的问题寻找最佳的途径我们在各种场合看到了继电器连接的控制，那已经是时代的过去，如今的继电器只能作为低端的基层控制模块或者简单的设备中使用到；而PLC的出现也成为了划时代的主题，通过极其稳定的硬件穿插灵活的软件控制，使得自动化走向了新的高潮。 PLC的最大特点在于：电气工程师已不再电气的硬件上花费太多的心计，只要将按钮开关或感应器的输入点连接到PLC的输入点上就能解决问题，通过输出点连接接触器或继电器来控制大功率的启动设备，而小功率的输出设备直接连接就可以。 PLC的内部包含了具有中央处理器的CPU，并带有外部I/O口扩展的I/O接口地址和存储器三大块组成，CPU的核心是由一个或者多个累加器组成，它们具有逻辑的数学运算能力，并能读取程序存储器的内容通过计算后去驱动相应的存储器和I/O接口；I/O口将内部累加器和外部的输入和输出系统连接起来，并将相关的数据存入程序存储器或者数据存储器中；存储器可以将I/O口输入的数据存入存储器中，并在工作时调转到累加器和I/O接口上，存储器分程序存储器ROM和数据存储器RAM,ROM可以将数据永久的存入存储器中，而RAM只能作为CPU计算时临时计算使用的缓冲空间。 PLC的抗干扰是极其优秀的，我们根本不用去关心它的使用寿命和工作场合的恶劣，这些所有的问题已不再成为我们失败的主题，而留给我们的是关心如何来利用PLC的内部资源为我们加强设备的控制能力，使我们的设备更加的柔性。 PLC的语言并不是我们所想象的汇编语言或C语言来进行编程，而是采用原有的继电器控制的梯形图，使得电气工程师在编写程序时很容易就理解了PLC的语言，而且很多的非电气专业人士也对PLC很快认识并深入。
PLC中英文资料外文翻译
可编程控制器 技术讨论与未来发展 学生姓名： ****** 所在院系： ****** 所学专业： ****** 导师姓名： ****** 完成时间：******
外文资料 PLCtechnique discussion and future development With the development of the times, today's technology is maturing, competition intensified。 rely on manual operation does not satisfy the current industry outlook, there is no guarantee of higher quality requirements and high-tech corporate image. People saw in the production practice, automation to bring great convenience and product quality assurance, but also reduce the labor intensity, reducing the staff on the establishment in many complex production process is difficult to achieve target control, the overall optimization, optimal decision-making, skilled operatives, technicians or specialists, managers can easily determine and operate it, you can get satisfactory results. artificial intelligence research is the use of computers to achieve the target, the analog These intelligent behavior, through coordination of the human brain and a computer to combine human models for solving very complex problem of finding the best way. PLC's most important feature is: electrical engineer electrical hardware no longer spend too much scheming, as long as the button switch or sensor input connected to the PLC input point will solve the problem by connecting the output point contacts or relay to control the power of the boot device, and small power output devices can be connected directly. Contained within the PLC having a central processor of the CPU, and with an external I / O port expansion I / O interface and the memory addresses of three major components, CPU core is formed by one or more accumulators, which have the logical math capabilities, and can read the contents of the program memory to drive through the calculation of the corresponding memory and I / O interface。 I / O port to the internal accumulator and external input and output systems together, and the relevant data stored in the program memory or data memory。 memory can be I / O port input data stored in memory and transferred to the accumulator at work, and I / O interfaces, memory sub-ROM program memory and data memory RAM, ROM data can be permanently stored in memory, CPU and RAM only as a temporary calculated using the calculation buffer space. PLC immunity is extremely good, we do not have to care about the life and work of its harsh occasions, all of these issues are no longer the subject of our failure, and left us is concerned with how to take advantage of the PLC's internal resources to
PLC中英文资料外文翻译
附录 外文资料 PLC technique discussion and future development Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise. The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only;And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide. The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the