考研英语文章(带段落翻译,强推)

Come on — Everybody's doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good — drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers — teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits — as well as negative ones — spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

Come on — Everybody's doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good —drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

来吧,每个人都这么做。半邀请半强迫,低声的消息就是我们大多数人认为当我们听到来自同

辈的压力。这通常会导致不好——饮酒,药物和一夜情。但在她的新书《加入俱乐部,蒂娜罗森博格认为,来自同辈的压力也可以是一个积极的力量通过她所谓的社会治疗,在组织和官员

使用群体动力学的力量来帮助人们改善他们的生活,很可能也是世界首个。

Rosenberg,the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

罗森博格,普利策奖的收件人,提供一系列社会治疗行动的例子:在南卡罗来纳,一个国家禁烟计划称为暴力反抗阴霾使香烟土里土气的。在南非,艾滋病预防计划称为LoveLife招募年轻人成为同龄人宣传安全性行为。

The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they

demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke! " pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers —teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

这个想法似乎有前途,罗森博格是一个敏锐的观察者。她批判跛的许多公共健康运动是正确的:他们无法动员来自同辈的压力对健康的习惯,而且他们展示一个严重的缺陷对心理学的理解。“敢有所不同,请不要吸烟!“恳求一个广告牌运动旨在减少青少年吸烟的青少年,他们渴望

只不过配件。罗森博格令人信服地认为,公共卫生倡导者应该从广告商页面,所以擅长运用同

侪压力。

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it's presented here is that it doesn't work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

但在一般的社会治疗的有效性,罗森博格不太有说服力。加入俱乐部充满了太多不相关的细节和没有足够的探索的社会和生物因素,使来自同辈的压力如此强大。最明显的缺陷的社会治疗,这里介绍的是,它不工作很好很长时间。暴力反抗霾失败一旦国家资金被削减。证据表明LoveLife程序产生持久的变化是有限的和混合。

There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits —as well as negative ones —spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

毫无疑问,我们的同辈群体对我们的行为产生巨大的影响。一个新兴的研究表明,积极的健康

习惯——以及消极的——通过网络传播通过社会交往的朋友。这是一个微妙的形式的来自同辈的压力:我们每天无意识地模仿我们看到的行为。

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It's like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that's the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

更不确定,然而,如何成功的专家和官员可以选择我们的同辈群体在良性方向和引导他们的活动。就像老师打破了后排的麻烦制造者通过配对更听话的同学。这一策略从未真正的作品。这是一个社会的问题治疗工程从外面:在现实世界中,在学校,我们坚持选择自己的朋友。