2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译

2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译
2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译

2013年考研外语阅读理解第一篇全文翻译

注释:本文为书评,即对于某本畅销书的内容的评价,书评是考研外语中常见的一类文章,几乎每年都有,不过指望能得出什么固定模式是不可能的,因为你无法预测到底哪本书或者哪类书能上榜,更无法断定写这个评论的会是谁。该书为伊丽莎白席琳所著《时尚》,批评美国人(其实不光是美国,稍微有点钱的都这个德行)疯狂购买时尚服装,全然不管这些衣服到底能穿几次,更遑论环保和可持续发展。说实话,翻译本文时,我总想起一句很经典的话,女人总是对着装满衣服的柜子抱怨没衣服穿。

In the 2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by MerylStreep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains howthe deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departmentstores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.

在2006年上映的“穿普拉达的女王(直译,不过我更欣赏另外一个译名,时尚女魔)”中,由梅丽尔斯特里普(人名不必译出)出演的米兰达普利斯特里臭骂她那个倒霉助手的原因就一个,不解风情(unattractive 一词我移到了这里,不然放在前面前后叠句,削弱语言效果),居然不懂时尚。普利斯特里宣称,这蠢丫头的衣服竟然是深蓝色的,这种款式

(sweater,美式俚语中指紧身上衣)早就扔到箱子底了(from fashion shows to department stores and to thebargain bin,直译为从时装展销到百货商店到地摊,即一落千丈之意)。

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends morequickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean lesswasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertisethat——and to renewtheir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheapprices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.

时装行业有自己的规矩(top-down,组织严密的),既不能太老套(outof date,固定搭配,过时),也不能像伊丽莎白席琳在历时三年完成的《时尚》一书中所指责(indictment,判决,但书中的观点显然不是法律)的,搞什么快速时尚,那纯粹是赌这个世界疯不疯(odds,机会,多用

于赌博)。尤其是近十年,科技的进步使得Zara、H&M、Uniqlo等世界各大时装厂商能够更快更准确地对市场需求做出反馈,这也就意味着更快捷的设计(原意为更少浪费的发明,或者说更节俭,但浪费有两种情况,一是物资,一是时间,结合上文的快速,这里指时间),更多次的展示(release有展出之意),更丰厚的利润。那些吓人的(补句,译注)服装品牌使得脑袋发热的追新族们把服装变成了商标的附属品,换言之,顶多洗两次就扔,无论时装厂商怎么说。这等于几星期就要重填一次衣柜。席琳坚称,时装厂商们就靠着玩弄这些只配白菜价的时尚潮流(dirt-cheap,非常廉价),把所有相关产业全都绑在了他们的车上(意译,直译为使所有产业服从于一种周期性变化)。

The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M tooffer a $ 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain naturalresources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.

这么做(revolution有革命之意,也是国内英语教材通用的意思,但这里显然不是革命,联系上文周期性变化就能知道,此处指它的另外一个意思,旋转,即频繁更新),折腾的不光是服装设计师。以H&M为例,他们在全球有2300多家分店,若想同时推出一款售价为5.95美元的超短裙(还能挣到钱,补句),只能从海外劳工的工资上下手,而且,生产

过程中会产生大量有害化学物质,频繁更新还会造成自然资源的浪费。

“Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,”Cline argues, Americans, shefinds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

席琳认为,快速时尚其实就是迈克尔·波伦(美国专栏作家,他认为由于人口大量增加,工业化农业运作与人自身需求的满足产生了矛盾,译注)《杂食动物的困境》一书中所提问题在服装界的镜像,就和快餐一样,纯属用来填饱肚子的,既不好吃也不好看(此句的快速时尚稍难理解,它指的是快速时尚的另外一层含义,由于频繁更新而导致的浪费)。她算了算,美国人一年购置服装多达二百亿件,相当于每人六十四件,不管这些衣服后来用处如何,光这样大规模生产本身就是浪费。

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introducedher ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her ownclothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be

knocked off.

在书末,席琳介绍了一个人,家住布鲁克林(纽约一个区,可能人们最熟悉的是布鲁克林大桥,译注)的SKB(此处可能有误,因为美国人姓名可以用简写,但作为礼节,简写后面必然有点号,而且姓氏应该指出,估计是出题时遗漏或者枪版之误,译注),这位女士自2008年就一直自己缝衣裁布,而且做的不错。不过席琳也承认,博蒙特(Beaumont,即上句所说的SKB)的手艺花了几十年才学会,以她做例子,难以服众(knock off固定搭配,去除,这个词组有个很少见的意思,成交,本文用的这个)。

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on laborand the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change canonly be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.

几大时装厂商,都在设法减轻劳工和环境的压力,H&M甚至发起了“自觉环保”行动(Conscious Collection是H&M设计的一个时装系列,更多采用比如棉布等天然材料,以利于环保,译注),不过席琳认为除非

消费者们改变观念,否则还是白费力气(effect可用作动词,指达到目的)。席琳的理念从可持续发展的角度是对的,但有些理想化。毕竟虚荣心人皆有之。说句笑话(补句),当人们买不起的时候,去商店的次数自然而然就会减少。

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2018全国3卷英语高考 A Welcome to Holker Ha ll & Gardens Visitor Information ____ By Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from JB6, M6.Approximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest stati on is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times Sunday-Friday (closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: £12.00 £8.00 Groups £9 £5.5 Producers: Market 13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November

2009考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(2)

TEXT 2 He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Yorkshire-born Ted Hughes, first published in a book called “The Hawk in the Rain” when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices—symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink. It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poe ms called “Birthday Letters”.In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his “big and unmanageable event”. He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten. The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry.

2013-考研英语二文章翻译

完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而,真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢? 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效,然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一,使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络,而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二,纸质支票有提供收据这一优势,这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三,使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里,对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现,这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的,因此也就没有这种优势。第四,电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生,这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统,盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事,正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外,人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门,雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据,侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功(make it)在美国》的文章中,作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话,笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate):现如今,一家普通作坊里只有两名员工,“一个人和一条狗,人在作坊里是为了喂狗,狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away from)机器。”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reaso n we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which a re more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.最近出现了很多(a number of)类似戴维森所写的文章,它们都表明了这样一种看法(make a point):之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降,原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步,它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往,具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今,普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活,其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(have access to)比普通还要低廉的价格,来雇佣国外员工,购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software),实现自动化(automation),获得天才(genus)。因此,每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献,这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(stand out),不管他们身处什么工作领域(field of employment)。 确实,新科技在过去、现在和将来都在“吞噬”工作岗位,但这种“吞噬”速度已经提高了。正如戴维森所指出(note):“(美国)工厂裁员(shed workers)速度是如此之快,以至于从1999到2009十年间裁员人数超过了之前70年新增员工人数的总和;大约有1/3的制造业工作岗位——总约600万——消失了。 未来,改变会一直存在——新工作、新产品和新服务。但我们肯定(know for sure)的一件事情是:随着全球化和信息技术革命所取得的每一个进步,那些最好的工作都将需要劳动者们接受更多、更好的教育,以使他们优于普通员工。 生活在普通人才已正式过时的世界中,我们有很多的事情需要做来扶持就业(employment),但其中最重要的是为21世纪通过某种“士兵教育促就业法案(于1944年通

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Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the u nconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择,而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉?华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯;一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在那里。相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Th inking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possib ilities.”

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—工学类

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