汉英八级翻译
汉英翻译课外练习（八级试题）
（2011级适用）
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2005）
一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义作出适当的估计了。
古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2006）
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况且中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。
Chinese people has never thought of human being as the highest creature among everything since ancient times, whose reflection takes a quite appropriate proportion wit h all others in our natural world in both aspects of philosophy and arts, but not as an ab solute dominant ruler. Therefore, our bitterness and depression are basically less than t hose of westerners, because the intensity of which is growing with the expansion of one 's desire and ambition. People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in t he industry society, thus their wants are far less either. Besides, ancient Chinese always regard "not confined by material, not driven by material" as the major philosophy.
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2007）
暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。
也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。
Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their head s, eating by the river bank. Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise
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2011级汉英翻译课外练习（八级试题）
their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They are, perhaps, taking use of e very minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of th e Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where h e is resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreci ating the dusk. The exuberant water plants have untried the sheep, making them gr ow as fat as balls. When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions.
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2008）
都市寸土寸金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。
我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的健损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。
In fact, I think everyone has a small garden and that is our inner world. People’s intelligence needs to be developed, so does the inner world. The difference between p eople and animals, in addition to the many well-known, is also in the inner world. The h eart is an important organ; however, the inner world is a landscape. It gradually took sh ape under the constant influence of the outside world on the heart. Everyone is so conc erned about the health of the hearts of their loved ones as well as his that a slight disea se would cause great anxiety. But not everyone is concerned about the inner world of th emselves and their loved ones.
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2009）
我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。
手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎？因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。
Cell phone has altered / renovated human relations / relationships. There is usually a note on the door of conference room, which reads “close your handset / cell phone.” However, the rings are still resounding in the room. We are all common people and h ave few urgencies to do. Still, we are reluctant to turn off the phone. Cell phone symboli
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2011级汉英翻译课外练习（八级试题）
zes our connection with the world and reflects our “thirst for socialization.” We are fa miliar with the scene that a person stops his steps to edit short messages with eyes glu ed at his phone, regardless of his location, whether in road center or beside restroom.
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2010）
朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉，再亲密，也不能随便过头，不恭不敬。不然, 默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或许只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。
Friends tend to become more intimated if they have the same interests and tempe r,they can get along well and keep contacting;otherwise they will separate and en d the relationship.Friends who are more familiar and closer can not be too casual and show no respect.Otherwise the harmony and balance will be broken,and the frie ndship will also be nonexistent any more.Everyone hopes to have his own private sp ace,and if too casual among friends,it is easy to invade this piece of restricted areas,which will lead to the conflict,resulting in alienation.It may be a small matter to be rude to friends;however,it is likely to plant the devastating seeds. The best way to keep the close relationship between friends is to keep contacts wi th restraint,and do not bother each other.
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2011）
现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛盾，许多时候你却别无选择。匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。但在现实生活中，人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是“休闲着”还是“匆忙着”。譬如说，当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期，却忽然接到老板的电话，告诉我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦——现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容——搞得人一下子兴趣全无，接下来的休闲只能徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火燎了。
Being hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles.But in the real world,people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles,s
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2011级汉英翻译课外练习（八级试题）
ometimes not sure whether they are―at ease‖or―in a rush‖.
For example,we are enjoying our holidays in the resort while suddenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work--so at this moment the modern,convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features--and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind.
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2012）
泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到一岁的孩子接回来。但泊珍看他第一眼，彷似一声雷劈头而来，令她晕头胀脑，这一岁的孩子脸型长相如此熟悉，她心里的第一道声音是，不能带回去。
痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发肓迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。就让这孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。
她将秘密留在心头。
Overwhelmed with grief,which made her suffocate as if her throat was stuck by
a current of air bursting from her stomach,she felt it burning between the eyebrow s.When the hospital President said the child suffered from growth retardation,sh e was at a loss what to do.She paced back and forth in the room where her child and s ome other children stay.It’s a one-window room out of which the shadows of trees were dancing.Just leave the c hild here.This was the best place for her child to live,because there were kind pr iests and nuns and it would be expanded and developed into a medical care center.T he child was her secret which she kept in the building hidden in the woods.
英语专业八级考试汉译英（2013）
生活就像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从其中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中仔细观察，它的暗红中有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜中有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香沁人心脾，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，
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2011级汉英翻译课外练习（八级试题）
生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨与智慧。
Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is t he impress of life.
Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with li fe, which is complicated and blurred.
Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit.
There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more d elicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
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近十年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案-
20０7年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C－Ｅ：暮色中,河湾里落满云霞，与天际得颜色混合一起，分不清哪就是流云哪就是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂得图画旁边，在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,瞧一眼这美丽得黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家得最后一刻再次咀嚼。这就是黄河滩上得一幕。牧羊人不见了，她不知在何处歇息.只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚得，像些胖娃娃.如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱得神情,洁白得牙齿,那丰富而单纯得表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限得怜悯。 Besｉde tｈis pictuｒｅwithｐｒoｆuｓiｏnｓof colorｓ, a grｏup of sheｅp aｒe lｏwing tｈeir heads,ｅａｔing by ｔｈe riｖer bank、Hardly ｎone oｆｔｈｅｍwｏulｄspare sｏme timｅto raise their eyes tｏhａve a glaｎcｅat the bｅａutifｕｌdusk、Ｔhｅｙare, perhaps,takinｇuse oｆｅvery miｎuteｔo enjｏy ｔheｉr lasｔcｈew befoｒe bｅｉng drｉven home、This is a piｃtｕｒe ｏｆthe Yｅｌｌow River baｎk，iｎwhｉch the shepherd diｓapｐeａrs，ａnｄno onｅknoｗs where he is rｅｓｔｉｎg hｉmsｅlf、Only the ｓheep，ｈｏｗｅver,as free creatures，ａrｅ ｊoｙfullｙaｐｐreciating ｔhｅdｕsk、Tｈe exubeｒant wａte ｒpｌants ｈaｖe nｕｔritedｔｈｅshｅep, ｍaｋing ｔhem
汉英翻译技巧
How to Translate from Chinese to English 汉译英翻译技巧 课程教案 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department Heilongjiang University Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department
Chapter One I.Teaching Objectives On completion of this chapter, students should be able to: 1.be well acquainted with the basic method and techniques needed for translating from Chinese to English 2.be well informed with the basic rules concerning translating from Chinese to English. II.The Points to Be Highlighted 1.verb without subject changed into verb with subject. 2.paralleled sentence without connections changed into complex sentence with connections. 3.implied cohesion changed into clear cohesion.back conclusion changed into front conclusion. III.T eaching Procedures and Contents 1.Greetings Talking about the Weather 2.Warm-up 1) 天气不错，是吧？ 2) 今天天气看上去不错。 3) 看来天气要放晴。 4) 雪开始下小了。 5) 现在已经开始掉小雨点了。 1) Lovely day, isn’t it? 2) It looks to be a promising day. 3) It seems to be clearing up. 4)The snow is beginning to let up. 5) I can feel some small drops of rain now. 3.Body 翻译的方法 “词词对应，句句对应”是把直译绝对化，事实上很难办到，勉强这样做时往往弄得文字别扭，意思歪曲。另一方面，意译如果离原意太远就不能称之为翻译，是不受欢迎的。“语言是翻译之敌”。在翻译的具体过程中，语言时时都在束缚着译者，不少译者眼中只盯着原文的词，句和结构这些属于语言层次的东西，成了它们的奴仆，难以从中解放出来。结果，翻译出来的东西只是一种文字层次的转换，徒具形式，而原文的意义和精神却没有得到很好的传达。翻译的方法应该是：译者在读第二遍原文时，不是逐词逐句分析，而是对全段意思作深层次的掌握，以便从整体上进行翻译，像口译那样把原意尽量传达出来；具体翻译时虽然也适当考虑原文结构，形势却可于原文大不一样。然后再对照原文复核，使之更加切合原意。 规律 汉语是意合式语言而英语是形合式语言，从汉语译成英语便是从意合改为形合。所谓规律也就是指进行这种转变时通常会遇到的问题及处理方法。 Foreign Language Teaching and Research Department
英语专八翻译
一、The old gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough; and it was plain that he took an interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance. This was soon effected by the friendly waiter; and after a little talk the old man invited them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the town. So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit. It was not much of a place, a small, modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the wall. But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume of its sweetness. Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it. And as they sat there, drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard of it already. 译文： 然而,这位老先生看起来心情非常愉快;显然他对这两位陌生人很感兴趣，并愿意与他们结交.在热心的服务生的帮助下,他们很快相识了;短暂的交谈之后，老人便邀请他们去他城墙外不远的别墅与花园做客. 于是次日下午，夕阳西落,从开启的门窗轻轻瞥去,他们看到,兰色暗影已渐渐笼罩棕褐的山峦，他们便欣然动身。那里很平常,矗立着一座现代化小型别墅座，表面粉刷了一层灰泥。还有一座铺满鹅卵石的花园，园里石砌水池中有几尾金鱼慵懒地游动。靠墙的地方有一尊守猎女神及其猎犬的雕像。但是使这小园生辉的是一颗巨大的玫瑰树。树已长过屋顶，几乎完全遮住了窗户。空气中满是玫瑰的芳香。这株玫瑰的确不错，听了客人夸奖，伯爵得意地说。他还表示非常乐意把树的来历讲给夫人听。于是他们坐在那里，一边饮酒，一边听他以老年人满不在乎神情，愉快地提及他的那一段往日爱情，仿佛他相信他们对此一定早有耳闻 二、We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. 参考译文：
英语专业八级翻译练习题带答案2017
英语专业八级翻译练习题带答案2017 英语专业八级翻译练习题带答案2017 机会只对进取有为的人开放，庸人永远无法光顾。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级翻译练习题带答案2017，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! part 1 The next day, when their mended carriage had come up to fetch them, and they were just starting to drive away from the inn, the Conte' s old servant appeared with the rose-cutting neatly wrapped up, and the compliments and wishes for a buon viaggio from her master. The town collected to see them depart, and the children ran after their carriage through the gate of the little city. They heard a rush of feet behind them for a few moments, but soon they were far down towards the valley; the little town with all its noise and life was high above them on its mountain peak. She had planted the rose at home, where it had grown and flourished in a wonderful manner; and every June the great mass of leaves and shoots still broke out into a passionate splendour of scent and crimson colour, as if in its root and fibres there still burnt the anger and thwarted desire of that Italian lover. Of course the old Conte must have died many years ago; she had forgotten his name, and had even forgotten the name of the mountain city that she had stayed in, after first seeing it twinkling at dawn in the sky, like a nest of stars. 参考译文: 次日，他们的马车修好了,上山来接他们。在就要离开旅馆之际，伯爵的老仆赶来了，送来一根包扎整齐的玫瑰枝条，并转达了伯爵旅途愉快的祝福。小城中的居民都赶来目送他们离去，孩童们也追随在车子后面，一直跟到小城门外。开始他们还能听到身后散乱的脚步声，但不久车子便驶入山谷，而这座喧闹的小城依然高高耸立于他们头顶的山颠. 她把玫瑰种在家中.玫瑰的长势非常好,枝繁叶茂;每年六月，在片片绿叶与新芽之中，绽放出绚丽的红花，散发出浓郁的香味,仿佛它的根须之间依旧燃烧着那位意大利情人的愤怒与没能实现的渴望。当然老伯爵肯定早已去世多年;而她也记不起他的名字了，甚至连她所住过的那座小城的名字也忘记了，虽然她曾经在拂晓之时看它犹如满天的繁星在空中闪烁。
英汉汉英翻译学习 译后感
至今为止，已经学了一个学期的翻译基础。虽说未涉及汉译英的学习，但从过去这一学期对英译汉理论与实践的学习，我深知翻译并非一件容易的事。对我来说，学好翻译这门课程并将其运用到实践中去，任重而道远。 在未上翻译课之前，每每听人提及翻译，以为就只是单纯的两种语言的转换；谁知经过一个学期的翻译课学习，才知道自己竟是大错特错了。当代英国翻译理论家纽马克的翻译理论及其语言六大功能（表达功能、信息功能、祈使功能、人际功能、审美功能、元语言功能），我国翻译家严复的“信、达、雅”三大翻译标准等，让我更进一步了解什么是翻译。 对于我们初学者来说，在进行翻译活动时，除了要遵循翻译的两大原则（忠实、通顺）外，还要注意直译与意译、异化与归化等翻译技巧的运用。否则，翻译时，容易出现“翻译腔”。如;And so you shall be my darling----when l tell you! 译文一：当我告诉你的时候——我的宝贝，你会知道的。译文二：那你等着吧——等到我告诉了你，你就懂得了！这两种翻译中，第一种机械地模仿原文，不知变通，是典型的“翻译腔”。而第二种摆脱了原文的结构束缚，用符合目的语的语言表达形式再现了原文的意义和精神。 此外，对一些翻译技巧（如：词类转换法、重复法、正反反正翻译法、抽象与具体转换法、抽词拆译法、增词语省略法、物称人称转化法、形合意合转换法、视点转换法等）的学习及反复练习，也让我在学习的同时发现并总结出一些翻译时常出现的问题。如:的、地、得的正确使用(美丽的太阳花、吃力地行走、高兴得手舞足蹈)；量词的正确使用(一只小熊、一头大熊、一个熊妈妈)；标点符号的正确使用（注意句子的停顿）；“so·····that”不能译成“如此·····以至于”可译成“那样·····因此or所以”；“when·····”不能译成“当······时”；人的mate译成“伙伴”，动物的mate译成“配偶”，而人的“配偶”是spouse；“go down the wind”译成顺着风走，“go up the wind”译成逆着风走；定语从句的译法：分片——逐个译出——理解大意——调整语序。 另外，长句的翻译也是一大难点。像顺序法、分译法、逆序法、综合法等长句翻译方法都可用于翻译中，才能译出更好的译文。 与汉语习惯不同，在英语中，为了避免重复，通常用同义词、近义词代替前文出现过的词。同时，英语中通常用大量的连词，是句子更紧凑，而汉语恰恰相反。因此，在英译汉时，要尽量避免将关联词“和、所以、因此、而且····”翻译出来。 我深知自己基础比较薄弱，因而在学习时也比较吃力，但我不会因此而自暴自弃，相反，我会加倍努力，尽自己最大的努力学好翻译这门课程。
汉英翻译技巧
汉英翻译技巧 第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理 一、祈使句对应为祈使句 e.g. 小心轻放。Handle with care. 量体裁衣，看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes. 宁为鸡首，不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况：一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句；二是有些句子突出宾语部分，在翻译时可以不用补出主
语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here. 利用发电机，可以将机械能转变为电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 在合同中，详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。 In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail. 没有爱心，就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity. 三、采用倒装语序
e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver. 随着一声吼叫，忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住着个老和尚。 In the mountain lived on an old monk. 四、采用THERE BE 结构 例句：没有顺利，无所谓困难；没有困难，也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 剩下的时间不多了。
英语专业八级翻译练习题
英语专业八级翻译练习题 1．英译汉 1) Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless. We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun. 梭罗所理解的"低层次"，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的"高层次"，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。 殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是其精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们于人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特弗罗斯特言及"以苦为乐"时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命的缺陷就在于这样一个事实，即它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。 即便于游戏之中，我们也需要有艰难困苦。我们之所以需要它，因为设若没有困难，便断无游戏可言。游戏即是这样一种方式，为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。游戏中的种种规则，便是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时，他总是因为拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋；如果你随心所欲、心血来潮地去更改那些全然武断的游戏规则，这样去赢棋当然会更加容易。但下棋的情趣则在于，应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之，没有艰难，断无情趣。 2)
汉英翻译
汉英翻译 正确确立单句的主干： 1主语的确立： 英语主语的严格性，只能由名词（或）代词，例如We can solve the problem. This problem can be solved in many ways.）或具有名词语法功能的语言单位（如动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句>一般指主语从句，例如To solve this problem needs patience. Working ingeniously >adj.有独创性的，具有创造才能的adv. working ingeniously有才能地，巧干> may help you learn English well. It is not known yet whether they will return today.）来充当。 2．直接用原文的主语 1) 如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. 2) 如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 If vocabulary is the “building materials”for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts”of writings. 3．替换主语以符合英语表达 1) ①鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，②他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，③这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。 Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy－拍马屁，奉承or obsequiousness－谄媚; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people. 原文由意义上相互联系，结构上却相互独立的三个小句组成复句。主语分别为名词“骨头”、代词“他”和“这”。译者将①②合为一个分句，改原来作定语的“鲁迅”为主语，同时舍弃了“骨头是最硬的”这个在汉语中比喻人的品格“刚正不阿”的形象，以 a man of unyielding integrity 这一意译的方式取而代之；“性格”（this quality）一词原在句③充当谓语的述宾结构中的宾语，现改作主语，译文曲尽原意，语言自然。如若搬照原文的主语，死译硬译，则成为典型的中式英语。试比较一下译文： Lu Hsun’s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial people. 2) 胎又瘪了。 We’ve got another flat tire. The tire turns flat again? 3) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. (刘鹗《老残游记》，杨宪益、戴乃迭译) 试比较一下译文(不好): We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints. 4．找出译文中合适的主语 1) 在历史上，由于长江不断改道，在武汉地区形成了众多的湖泊。 The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many
英语专八翻译及答案
1999年：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. In addition, one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border（接壤、相近）with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy（使…忙（有事干）the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption（设想、假设consumption 消费）that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined（突出、显现）by its converse（反面、相反）: in some societies the failure to bear children（养孩子）(or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. Beyond all that（除了这些）is the profound（深刻的、深远的）significance of children to the very institution（结构）of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family（完整的）—they need children to enrich the circle（丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子）, to validate（使…有效）its family character（家族的特征、风格）, to gather（增加、集合）the redemptive（赎回的, 用于补偿的）influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution（社会结构）uniquely（唯一）available, at least in principle, for （获得）security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance（生计）and in generational extension（家族的繁衍）. 【参考答案】另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴住丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。 后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。在这个变幻莫测，常常不尽友善的世界上，家庭作为社会的基本单位，至少可在原则上，以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障，抚慰家人受伤的心灵，为家人指出生活方向，因此，孩子需要家庭，但与此同时，家庭也需要孩子。
汉英翻译教程
汉英翻译教程
第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考： 翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧，如选词（Diction）、转换（Conversion）、增补（Amplification）、省略（Omission）、重复（Repetition）、替代（Substitution）、变换（Variation）、倒臵（Inversion）、拆离（Division）、缀合（Combination）、阐释（Annotation）、浓缩（Condensation）、重组（Reconstruction），以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法，都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换，也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难，归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此，对比、分析和归纳这些差异，便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时，能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能，《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来，“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”，但同时，“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译，译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的，既是精神的，也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中，经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇，他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述：描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇，也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的，是语言与文化层面的逻辑性，这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说：“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性，而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现，相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象，我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏，因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意，如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意，但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间，迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间，英语与法语的天平有所侧重，在两者的遭遇中，译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思，相反，在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中，他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说：“只有在接触外语时，我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷，因此，只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我，可作一明镜，从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上，与异语文化的接触，有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足，便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养，弥补自身，丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中，纪德亲历了种种障碍，他结合翻译中的具体例证，作了某
汉英翻译
我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。 I don’t know how many days I am entitled to altogether, but my quota of them is undoubtedly wearing away. 这并不是谦虚客气的话，这是真的事实。（我说的话） I did not make this remark out of mere modesty and courtesy. I truly meant what I said. 如果没有摩擦，运动的物体永远不会停止。 A moving object would never come to a stop if there were no friction 我们二三十岁的人比不上六七十岁的前辈，他们虽然老的老了死的死了，但是他们才是真正活到现在活到将来。 We in our twenties or thirties cannot compare with our elders in their sixties or seventies. Today they may be advanced in years or even passed away, but they will, nevertheless, live forever and ever. 液体没有固定的形状，气体也没有。Liquids have no definite shape; nor have gases. 我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。 Instead of going out for a jog or walk, I’ll set about my work as soon as I’m out of bed. 他宁愿饿死，也不愿行窃。He will die of hunger before he steals. 他虽然贫穷，但无论如何也不会说谎。Poor as he was, he was above telling a lie in any case. 我们决不辜负全国人民对我们的希望。We will live up to the expectations of our people. 那些黑人挣到的钱几乎不够养家糊口。 The negroes barely earn enough money to keep their families alive. 他显然有不同的想法He evidently thinks otherwise. 把瓶盖儿盖好，要不汁液就洒出来了。 Put the cap back on the bottle, otherwise the juice will spill. 不了解这一点，就不能得到起码的知识。 Unless we grasp this point we shall never be able to acquire even elementary knowledge. 部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼。 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops 无产阶级不把大多数人争取到自己方面来，就不能取得胜利。 The proletariat cannot be victorious unless it wins over to its side the majority of the population. 子曰：“不患人之不己知，患不知人也。” The Master said, (the good man) does not grieve that other people do not recognize his merits. His only anxiety is lest he (should) fail to recognize theirs. 名不正则言不顺，言不顺则事不成，…… If language is incorrect, then what is said does not concord with what was meant; and if what is said does not concord with what was meant, what is to be done cannot be effected. 我想：希望本无所谓有，无所谓无。 I thought: hope cannot be said to exist, nor can it be said not to exist. 他在上面费了很多力。He took no little pain over it. 我对你万分感激。I couldn’t thank you enough.完全同意I couldn’t agree more. 直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。 Not until the invention of the jet engine could airplanes travel at supersonic speeds 智者千虑，必有一失。Even the wise are not always free from errors. 他想找一个可靠的人帮助工作。He wanted to get someone reliable to help in the work. 医生为救病人，尽到了一切必要的努力。The doctor did everything necessary to save the patient.
英语专业八级翻译练习题英译汉
英语专业八级翻译练习题（一） The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life The other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the "empty" time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone. 参考译文： 独自生活的报偿 前些日子，我的一个熟人，一位热爱交际并很受欢迎的男士告诉我，他在纽约的两个约会之间偶然有一两个小时的空闲，他便去了惠特尼博物馆，四处浏览着展品，无比幸福的度过了那些时光。发现自已独自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感觉像坠入爱河那般震惊。 英语专业八级翻译练习题（二） What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original. 参考译文： “他一直在害怕什么呢？”，我问自已。怕突然一个人呆着会发现自已厌烦自己，或者怕会失去自我？但是有了这次偿试，他便要开始探险了。他就要发射到自已心的宇宙之中。他的所见所感对他来说将会是全新的，一度会新颖的让人惊奇。 英语专业八级翻译练习题（三） For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The original impact gets lost, or diffused 参考译文： 因此每个能用肉眼观看事物的人，一时之间便成为天才。身边有别人存在，一个看法便不可避免地变成了双重看法。我们急于知道周边人的看法，以及我对它是怎么看的？” 最初的印像消失了，或者变得模糊不清。 英语专业八级翻译练习题（四）