2020年职称英语考试新增文章：《理工类》第六篇
2020年职称英语考试新增文章：《理工类》第六篇第六篇 The Apgar Test
The baby was bom at 3：36 p. m. At 3：37，she scored 4
out of 10 on her first test. At 3：41，she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.
Another baby, bom at 8：24 p. m.，scored 3 out of 10 on
his first test He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8：34 and scored 5. 1 He called for
help1.
These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. 2 Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6，the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.
The Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bom. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each
part can be 0，1，or 2. 3
A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at Columbia University in New York
City in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school，she started treating patients2.
Apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. During her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. 4
In the 1940s，many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. Apgar had a question： How does anesthesia affect newborn babies? In 1949, when Apgar was a professor at Columbia’s medical school, she created her simple test. She wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. Soon after, people started using the Apgar test around the world.
In her work, Apgar saw that many newborns had problems. She wanted to help these babies survive. She stopped practicing medicine in 1959，and she went back to school to get a master’s degree in public health. 5
Today，the Apgar test is still used all over the world. Newborn babies don’t know it, but Virginia Apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives.
词汇：
diagnose /fdaiagnauz/ vt. & vi.诊断(疾病) anesthesiology /，aenis，0izi，3bd3i/ n.麻醉学
called for help：需要协助，求救。call for：需要，要求，提倡;来找(某人)，来取(某物)。 she started treating patients：她开始治疗病人。treat sb.有三种意思，分别是“对待某人” “治疗某人”和“款待某人”。treat作“治疗”讲，是普通用语的治疗，意义广泛，cure多用于疾病方面，heal多用于创伤或外伤方面。
at the time ：当时，在那时。同义短语有 at that point, at that time, on the occasion。
练习：
A Doctors add the scores together for the total Apgar score.
B She spent the rest of her life doing research and
raising money to help newborn babies.
C A score of 10 is uncommon.
D The doctor was worried.
E They decide if a baby is normal or needs special care.
F Anesthesia is a procedure that makes patients lose consciousness, so they do not feel any pain during surgery.
答案与题解：
1. D由第二段的前半部分可知这个婴儿三次健康测试的分数都不
理想，而且最后一句提到他需要救助，说明他的情况不容乐观，所以
医生应该担心。所以，答案为D。
2. E第三段中第二句话提到这项测试协助医生诊断新生儿的问题，即医生能够根据测试结果判断新生儿的健康状况。所以，答案为E。
3. A顺承本段倒数第二句的句意可知选项A和选项C都能够，但
选项C说10分的成绩不常见，这个点由全文其他地方推断不出来。
所以，答案为A。
4. F本段第二句话最后提到阿普加学习给病人实施麻醉，而选项
F讲的是麻醉是什么，正好与本段第二句话句意吻合。所以，答案为F。
5. B本段主要讲的是阿普加协助新生儿的愿望以及她为此所做的
努力，纵观六个选项符合段意的只有选项B。所以，答案为B。
第六篇阿普加测试
下午3：36, —个婴儿出生了。3：37时，她的第一次健康测试成
绩是4分(总分10分)。3：41 时，她的成绩是8分，医生感到非常高兴。
另一天晚上8：24,另外一个婴儿出生了。他的第一次测试成绩是
3分，第二次成绩是4分。
8：34时又实行了一次测试，成绩是5分。医生非常担心，这个婴儿需要救助。
这些新生儿实行的是一项叫作阿普加的测试。这项测试协助医生
诊断新生儿的问题，他们根据测试成绩判断新生儿是正常的还是需要
特殊护理。绝大部分的婴儿会接受两次测试。第一次是在出生后1分钟，第二次是在出生后5分钟。如果婴儿在第二次测试中的成绩少于6分，
那他们需要在出生10分钟后再实行一次测试。
阿普加测试不是一项智力测试。它是一项在婴儿出生后表明其健
康状况的测试。这项测试会测量诸如婴儿的皮肤颜色、心率、呼吸一
类的项目，总共包括五部分，每一部分的成绩能够是0分、1分或2分。医生把每一部分的成绩加起来就是这项测试的总分。
一位名叫弗吉尼亚阿普加的医生设计了这项测试。1929年，阿普
加去纽约的哥伦比亚大学医学院就读。因为是这个学科里的第一位女性，使她面临了很多挑战。不过，她却是班上的学生之一。完成医学
院的学业后，她开始给患者治疗。
阿普加还是麻醉学方面的研宄者，当时麻醉学是一项新的医学课题。在求学过程中，她学会了如何给患者实施麻醉。麻醉会使病人失
去意识，因而他们在手术过程中不会感到任何疼
20世纪40年代，很多妇女在分娩时开始使用麻醉。但阿普加有个疑问：麻醉是如何影响新生儿的呢? 1949年，当阿普加在哥伦比亚医学院担任教授时，她创造了这项简单测试。1953 年，她写了一篇关于
该测试方法的论文。不久之后，人们开始在世界范围内使用阿普加测试。
在工作中，阿普加发现很多新生儿都有健康问题。她想协助这些
新生儿活下来。1959年，她中止了行医，回到学校攻读公共卫生硕士学位。她把自己的余生都奉献给了医学研宄以及筹集资金协助新生儿。
今天，阿普加测试仍然在全世界范围内被广泛使用。虽然新生儿
们并不知道，但弗吉尼亚阿普加却是他们生命的前几分钟里非常重要
的一个人。
职称英语C级补全短文(-)
2016职称英语教材-卫生类C级完形填空及参考译文1 第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve. The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment. Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses. 1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病 世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。但是每年大约有八百万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。两百万人因此丧命。结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。目前的治疗至少需要六个月。患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。 研究者们设计了一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20％的新病例，也可能防止大约5％因结核病引起的死亡。这个模型表明，如果速效治疗剂可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。 世界卫生组织在1990年制定了DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布了一项扩大DOTS的计划。这个十年计划也旨在资助新结核药品的研究。现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史了。全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就效果。
小学英语阅读短文【小学英语阅读小短文带翻译】
小学英语阅读短文【小学英语阅读小短文带翻译】 在英语学习中，阅读是人们获取英语知识、提高英语水平的有效途径。英语阅读既是重要的语言技能，也是重要的学习技能，是发展其他语言技能的基础和前提。小编整理了小学英语阅读小短文带翻译，欢迎阅读! 小学英语小短文带翻译篇一 In western countries, more and more young kids have the problem of obesity, because of the popularity of fast food. The culture of KFC and Mcdonald’s attract the kids all the time, the food there is full of high calorie, which is easy to become fat. Many kids are willing to spend the time in eating fast food, because the fried food cater to them. In China, there is also the increasing number of children obesity, in order to help the kids grow in the healthy way, the balanced diet is advocated. Meat and vegetable are indispensable, while eating more vegetables and fruit is healthier. To stay away from the fast food is the key to be fit. 在西方国家,越来越多的年轻孩子们出现肥胖的问题,因为快餐深受欢迎。肯德基和麦当劳的文化吸引着孩子们,那里的食物含有高热量,容易变胖。许多孩子愿意花时间去吃快餐,因为油炸食品迎合他们的口味。在中国,也有越来越多的肥胖儿童,为了帮助孩子们健康地成长,倡导平衡饮食。肉和蔬菜是必不可少的,多吃蔬菜和水果是健康的。远离快餐是保持健康的关键。小学英语小短文带翻译篇二 When we ask a foreigner what’s his impression about China, then he tell you about the delicious food and Chinese Kongfu. Chinese Kongfu has been a symbol, the first person that make the world recognize China by his Kongfu movie is Bruce Lee. Though he died, he still got a lot of fans today, everybody knows him well. Then Jackie Chen make Chinese Kongfu famous all around the world, his movie is very funny by all kinds of actions. Many Hollywood directors have come to China to seek for cooperation, they want to film the movie that contains Chinese Kongfu. Kongfu is part of our culture and the world is knowing us by it. 当我们问一个外国人对中国的印象是什么,然后他告诉你美味的食物和中国功夫。中国功夫已经成为了一个符号,让世界通过中国功夫去认识中国的第一人是李小龙。虽然他死了,但他至今仍有很多粉丝,所有人都知道他。然后成龙让中国功夫在全世界都出名,他的电影很搞笑,通过各种各样的行动。许多好莱坞导演来中国寻求合作,他们想让电影包含有中国功夫。功夫是我们文化的一部分,世界也通过功夫去认识我们。小学英语小短文带翻译篇三We are always educated that animals are our friends and we should protect them. Most families have kept dogs as their pets, some moving stories often happen between these lovely dogs and their owners. The famous movie Hachi tells about a dog spends a lifetime to wait for his master, who had died of heart attack. Recently, it has been reported that a little girl was saved from the earthquake because of her dog’s protection. Dogs are our loyal friends and they deserve our respect. Some people kill dogs and enjoy eating the dog meat, they have been criticized strongly. Protecting animals is saving our human being, the balanced of nature won’t be broken. 我们总是受到教育动物是我们的朋友,我们应该保护他们。大多数家庭一直把狗作为他们的宠物,一些感人的故事经常发生这些可爱的狗和它们的主人中。著名的电影“八公”讲述了一只狗花了一生的时间来等待他的主人,这个人死于心脏病。最近,据报道,一个小女孩从地震得救了,因为她的狗狗在保护着他。狗是我们忠实的朋友,他们应该得到我们的尊重。有些人杀狗,喜欢吃狗肉,他们受到了强烈的批评。保护动物就是在拯救我们人类,拯救大自然的平衡不被打破。小学英语小短文带翻译篇四 保持饥饿，保持愚蠢
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(26)
2019年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列(26) The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜 1. Spacecraft from the United States and from Russia have been to the moon,and men have walked upon its surface. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become available in recent years. Yet with all we know about the moon,there is even more that we don't know. 1、美国和俄国的宇宙飞船都已经到达过月球，而且人类也在它的表面上行走过。月球上的岩石和土壤的样本，以及很多其它类型的信息，近些年来已经为人们所知所用了。不过除了我们所知道的关于月球的那些外，还有更多是我们不知道的。 2. Following the end of the Apollo space program,the National Geographic Society published an excellent set of articles about the moon. Here,in shorter form,are some questions and answers from one of these articles. For the full story,see the September,1973,issue of National Geographic. 2、在阿波罗太空计划结束后，国家地理协会出版了一组相关月球的极好文章。这里，以简短的形式截取了其中一篇文章重的部分问答。完整的内容，请见1973年九月发行的《国家地理》。 Were scientists right about what the moon would be like? 科学家关于“月球外貌”的描述是准确的吗? 3. Many were,of course,but many were mistaken. One said there was no lava on the moon. Another said that the moon material would explode as soon as an astronaut's boot touched it. One said there would certainly be water on the moon. Many
职称英语考试常用语法-基本句型
职称英语考试常用语法-基本句型 五个基本句型 根据动词的特性，构成英语中五个基本句型： 1) 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 2) 主语 + 不及物动词 (+ 其他成分) 3) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 4) 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语 5) 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 我们在学习5个基本句型时，主要关心每个句型中的出题点在哪里。 (一)第一句型：主语 + 系动词 + 表语 1) 系动词一般为be 动词。 注意：look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等词能够作"半系动词"用，按行为动词方式变化，起系动词的作用。 试验比较： —— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但没有找到一分钱。—— feel为行为动词) —— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你脸色苍白，感到不舒服?—— look / feel为系动词)
一般来说，动词后面跟的是个形容词或名词，该动词为系动词，如：The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark. 实例： "Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." (脉搏正常) A. is felt B. is feeling C. feels D. felt 解题思路：normal为形容词，前面应为系动词;系动词没有被动语态，故A不对; look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系动词一般不用实行时，B也不对;D时态错了，故准确答案为C. 2)there be是英语中非常重要的一个句型： there是引导词，不解释 "那里"; 这是个倒装句, 主语在be动词的后面, be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。 注意中国学生容易搞错的问题： There isn't enough furniture in the room.(房间里家具不够) 错：There hasn't enough furniture in the room. There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.(毫无疑问，中国已消灭天花。) 错：It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.
职称英语综合类补全短文第四篇The First Four Minute逐句翻译
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