自考英语二最近复习资料
距离自考英语(一)，英语(二)，四级三项考试的时间不长了，有很多人是两项都要考的，提几点实用的说明。
1.如果有以上两项考试同时准备的话，先来看看两者关系
(1)四级考试除却了单词与词组固定搭配的考查，所剩的语法大概只有非谓和虚拟，分值不超过5分，而语法一般最多一个月就能理解透的，因此重点在练阅读，听力和掌握历年题中出现的单词。
(2)自学考试英语的语法则很细碎，应尽早花时间掌握好。
(3)阅读可以用四级的统一复习，问题不大。
2.两类考试背单词的方法
(1)四级的背法是挑历年题中出现过的先背，再带一本单词手册，以薄的为好，多了也背不了，最好是联想记忆的那种，避免以a开头按字母排序那种可能引起的记忆疲劳(通常以a开头的有不少是较生僻的，可能使信心受打击)。
(2)自学考试英语单词的背法查看课文，以此为记忆氛围背单词。一课一课地背，顺带也记住了固定搭配和句型。
关于课后练习，要做的只有词汇，语法和翻译，其他一律不要浪费太多时间，略过即可。
3.准备这些考试是否需要语法书？
总的来讲不需要，不需要通过系统的语法论述来掌握。如英语(一)中前几章大略过一眼即可，难点在后几章，而这些也只需在你做题有困难的时候翻书查看一下，掌握对付考试最有效的几招就可以了。教材的论述客观来讲比较泛泛，适合一开始入门。我手头有的语法书不是最好的，但是应对考试很有实效的，如果大家有需要，我可以摘出精华技巧帖上来，语法的研究主要是在于掌握出题的规律。
P.S.关于情态动词，强调句，倒装句，定语从句，状语从句，名词从句，主谓一致的应试技巧，如果大家有需要我可以抽出应试精华作点分析。
4.最后的一点建议由于是时间有限，大家最好是边做题边翻看书复习，尽早进入状态为好。该做的做，不该做的坚决不去浪费宝贵的时间
自考英语复习的几点实用建议|深圳自考辅导|自学考试学习资
自考-英语（一）讲义(23)
举办机构：东方学习网教育咨询作者：东方之子发布时间：2009-07-02 （阅读次数：8）
Unit 25
Text A American Men Don't Cry
第一段
1. 第一行：American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of（什么的特征）men to do so.
美国男人不哭，因为人们认为哭不是男人的特征。
2. 第二行：Cry is a “weakness” characteristic of the female，and no American make wants to be identified with（被认为，被理解成为）anything in the least（一点、丝毫不）weak or feminine.
没有一个美国男人愿意被人认为有丝毫软弱或女人气。
3. 第四行：Crying（动名次放在系动词前作主语），in our culture，is identified with
childishness，with weakness and dependence.
在我们的文化中，哭被看成是幼稚、软弱和依附的表现。
4. 第五行：No one likes a crybaby，and we disapprove of （不赞同）crying even in children，discouraging（劝阻）it in them as early as possible.
没有人喜欢孩子哭。即使孩子们我们也不赞成他们哭，尽量早劝阻他们哭。
5. 第七行：In a land so devoted to（致力于、专心于）the pursuit of（对什么的追求）happiness as ours，crying really is rather un-American.
在我们这样一个一心追求幸福的国家里，苦实在不是美国的风格。
6. 第九行：Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which（本句话为定于从句，在关系代词which前用了介词，此处的原因是由于：which代指situations；介词in放在which前等于in situations，表示在一些情况下）it is permissible for a child to cry.
在一些场合，孩子们可以哭，但成年人必须学会做到不哭。
7. 第十行：Women being the “weaker”and “dependent”sex，it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.本句话为虚拟语气：it is+形容词+that+主语+（should可以省略）+动词原型
女人是软弱的和依附的性别，他们在某些动情的场合下哭是很自然的。
8. 最后一行：So goes the American belief with regard to（关于、对于）crying.
So goes sth. 这就是…
这既是美国人有关哭的信念。
第二段
1. 第一行：impress on sb. 使某人铭记
2. 第二行：And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.
Condition sb. to do sth. 使某人出于某种状态、使习惯于、使适应；调教
Condition sb. not to do sth. 请注意此处的否定式
Feel like doing sth. 喜欢做某事feel like后面加动词的ing形式
我们也是这样调教美国男人，不管他们什么时候想哭，都能做到不哭。
3.第三行：it is not that…，but that…不是因为这个原因，而是因为那个原因。
they are trained not to cry 请注意：否定词被放在非谓语动词to前
4.P609第二行：And so the “little man” controls his desire to cry and goes on doing so until （直到什么时候才）he is unable to cry even when he wants to.
Go on to do sth. 继续做某事（做不同的事）
Go on doing sth. 继续做某事（做同一件事）
于是这位小男子汉控制自己哭的愿望，并一直这样继续下去，直到后来甚至想哭的时候也不会哭了。
5.P609第九行：be known as 被认为是
6.第十行：serve a function for sth. 起作用；as a whole 作为整体
7.第十行：Any interference with（干涉）homeostasis is likely to（有可能做某事）be damaging to（对谁造成损害）the organism.
对体内平衡的任何干扰都可能损害机体。
9. 最后一行：incapacity to do sth. 没有做某事的能力；capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力
第四段
1. 第一行：To be human is to weep. 哭是人的天性。
2. 第一行：The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that sheds tears.（流泪）
人类是动物界中唯一能流泪的物种。
3. 第二行：inability to do sth. 没有做某事的能力；capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力
4. 第五行：among other things 除了其他方面；此外
5. 第七行：If we feel like it，let us all have a good cry-and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.
Clear sth. of sth. 把什么从什么中清除
Prevent sb. from doing sth. 组织某人做某事
假如我们想哭，就让我们痛痛快快地哭一场，把那些长期妨碍我们认知哭泣这一自然需要的那些陈腐混乱观念从我们的头脑中清除出去。
Text B Stop Worrying Now！
第一段
1. 第一行：Worry is one of the most common（最常见的，most common是common的最高级）forms of emotional distress in our culture. 忧虑是精神苦恼在我们文化中最常见的一种表现形式。
2. 第二行：Almost everyone spends a considerable（相当大的，相当多的，相当可观的）amount of present moments worrying about the future.
Spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事
几乎每个人都把现在相当多的时间用于为将来忧虑。
3. 第四行：Obsessive worry will never make things any（用来修饰比较级，表示强调）better.
过分的忧虑完全于事无补。
4. 第五行：In fact，such worry will very likely help you to be less effective in dealing with the present.
Be effective in sth./doing sth. 有效的做某事
Deal with sth. 处理某事
事实上，这种忧虑很可能让你在处理现在的事情时成效更小。
第二段
1. 第一行：In order to reduce worry，it is necessary to understand the subconscious psycholo gical “payoffs” for choosing to worry in the first place.
in order to do sth. 为了做某事
it在这里是形式主语，阴影部分是动词不定式作真正的主语
payoff for doing sth. 做某事所得到的补偿
in the first place 首先
为了减少忧虑，首先有必要弄明白人们爱忧虑所能得到的潜意识心里补偿是怎么回事。
2. 第三行：This is a common lament，and one with a payoff that keeps you standing still and avoiding the risk of action.
Keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
人们普遍这样诉苦，这种诉苦的回报会让你安之若素，避免贸然行动。
3. 第五行：Clearly，it is easier，if less rewarding，to worry than to be an active，involved （投入的）person.
很清楚，如果只求较少回报的话，做一个愁苦忧虑的人比作一个积极投入的人更容易。
第三段
1. 第一行：By worrying about someone else，you can label yourself as a caring person.
Worry about sb. 担心某人
Label oneself as 把自己算/看成
Caring person 关心别人的人
你为别人操心，这样你可以把自己算成关心别人的人。
2. 第三行：I can't help worrying-it's because I love you.
Can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
我做不到不为你操心-因为我爱你。
3. 第三行：A handsome dividend，although lacking in（缺少）logical，healthy thinking.
这是个相当不错的回报，只不过缺乏合乎逻辑的、正常的思维。
第四段
1. 第二行：You have a good reason for hanging on to the worry behavior.
Have a good reason for doing sth. 很有理由做某事
Hang on to sth. 继续做某事；紧紧抓住；求助；依靠于；
因此你有很好的理由继续忧虑下去。
2. 第三行：Similarly，you may find yourself smoking more in troublesome situations，and can use the worry to avoid giving up smoking.
Find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事（这里的doing是作宾语补足语的）
Avoid doing sth. 避免做某事（avoid后面只能加动词的ing形式）
同样，你可能发现你在烦恼的情况下抽烟的更多，你可以用忧虑作口实，不去戒烟。
3. 第五行：It may be easier for you to worry about chest pains than to risk finding out the truth，and then having to deal directly with yourself.
It为形式主语，阴影中的动词不定式是真正的主语
Risk doing sth. 冒险做某事（risk后面只能加动词的ing形式）
Deal with oneself 处理自己的问题
为胸痛而忧虑比冒险找出病因，然后不得不自己直接处理自己的问题更容易做到。
第五段
1. 第二行：While these may not seem to be payoffs，they do result in（导致）considerable attention from others and justify much self-pity as well.
尽管这不能算回报，但它能引起别人的深切关注并能证明自怜是有道理的。
2. P704第二行：And some people would rather be pitied（被人怜悯的）than fulfilled（充分发挥自己才能的）。
有些人宁愿被人怜悯也不愿充分发挥自己的才能。
Unit 24
Text A Saving the Rainforests for Future Generations
第一段
1. 第三行：They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up（加快）the economic growth of the nations in which（定于从句，which代指前面的nations，所以in which 可以理解为in the nations）they are located.
雨林被砍伐，其目的是获取珍贵木材和其他资源以加快森林所在国家的经济发展。
2. 第五行：The most recent figures show that the area of rainforest destroyed（过去分词作后置定语，表被动）last year alone（仅仅）was bigger than the size of Great Britain and Ireland.
最近的数字表明，仅去年一年热带雨林被毁的面积已经大于大不列颠和爱尔兰两国的面积总和。
第二段
1. 第一行：时态题If the present rate of deforestation is allowed to continue，the consequences for the earth will be great.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用现在时表将来。
如果听任现在的这种毁林速度继续下去，给地球带来的后果会很严重。
第三段
1. 第一行：According to many scientists，the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to（促成）the so-called greenhouse effect.
据许多科学家的意见，热带雨林被烧毁还直接促成所谓的温室效应。
第四段
1. 第一行：medicine chest 医药库；unlimited 无限的
2. 第二行：The US National Cancer Institute has identified 2，000 rainforest plants which could be beneficial in（对什么有益）fighting cancer.
美国国家抗癌协会找到的2000多种雨林植物队战胜癌症可能有益。
3. 最后一行：derive from 从什么中获得
第五段
1. 第一行：Plant species are not the only forms of life threatened（过去分词在名次后作定语，表被动，意思为：受到什么的威胁）with extinction in the rainforest.
植物物种并不是热带雨林中唯一受到灭绝威胁的生物。
2. 最后一行：since the turn of the century 自本世纪初
第六段
1. 第一行：In the face of （面对）all these facts，it seems senseless （愚蠢的）for countries to continue destroying （continue doing sth. 继续做正在做的事）their rainforests.
面对所有这些事实，哪些国家仍然继续毁林看来十分愚蠢。
2. 第三行：The countries in which（定语从句，之所以在which前面加了介词in是由于定语从句中有一个词组be located in ：位于什么地方。当定于从句中有动介词组时，正式的用法是把介词放在关系词前）the rainforests are located are all quite poor and overpopulated.
雨林所在的国家都十分贫穷，人口过多。
3. 第四行：One of them，Brazil，has a population of （拥有多少人口）140 million，about half of whom（定语从句关系词代指前面的population）are living in absolute poverty.
其中之一的巴西就有1.4亿人口，差不多一半的人生活在绝对贫困状态之中。
4. 第五行：The governments in these countries are usually also too weak to（太怎么样以至于不能怎样）stop large companies and powerful individuals from（stop sb. from sth./doing sth.阻止某人做某事）destroying the rainforests.
这些国家的政府往往也太软弱，制止不了大公司和有权势的个人毁坏森林。
5. 第九行：The governments often have no choice but （仅有）to turn a blind eye. 政府常常别无选择，只能视而不见。
第七段
1. 第一行：The only solution to（问题的解决方案）the problem，then，seems to be for the richer countries of the world to help the countries where （where在这里等于in which）the rainforests are located.
那么解决问题的唯一办法看来是要靠世界上的富国帮助热带雨林所在的国家。
2. 第七行：regard sth./sb. as 把某事/某人当作什么；make a living 谋生
第八段
1. Such programs could teach the local people how to select trees worth exporting （worth 后面加动词的ing形式）and to cut only those trees down while leaving the rest，so that（因此）the basic make-up of the forest would not be disturbed.
这些计划可以教会本地人怎样选择值得出口的树木，仅仅砍伐那些树，从而留下其他树木，这样就可保持森林的基本构成不受破坏。
2. On the spot 就地
自考英语（一）讲义(22)|深圳自考辅导|自学考试学习资料
Unit 21
Text A The Language of Uncertainty
第一段
1. Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language.（第一句）
Spread（传播）through our lives thoroughly=在我们的生活中无处不在
不确定性在我们的生活中无所不在，以致它支配着我们的语言。
2. 第二句：is made up in large part of words
be made up of 构成；in large part 很大程度上
3. 第五行：“is likely to destroy forever the nation that wages it.”
Be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事；wage it（the war）发动战争
4. 最后一句话：Lacking（现在分词作原因状语，用现分的原因是主语we能够发出lack 的动作）any standard for estimating the probability，we are left with（放任）the judgment of the editorial writer.
因为我们缺乏任何估计这一可能性的标准，只好听任社论作者去做出判断了。
第二段
1. 第一句：Such verbal imprecision is not necessarily to be criticized.
Be necessarily to do sth. 做某件事情没有太大必要
句中采用了to be criticized是由于主语verbal imprecision（言辞的不精确性）无法发出criticize（批评）的动作。
这类言辞的不精确性并非一定要受到批评。
2. 第二句：allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
be out of the question 不可能；不能接受；be out of question 没问题
第三段
1. 最后一句：can not be reduced to sth./sb.
be reduced to 转化为
第四段
1. 第一句：pin down sth. 准确说明
2. 最后一句：compare sb./sth. with sb./sth. 拿某人或某事对比
第五段
1. First，we find that the number depends，of course，on the items involved.（过去分词作后置定语，表示涉及）
Depend on 依靠；依赖
当然，我们首先发现的是数目决定于涉及的事务。
2. 第三行：However，unrelated（不相关的）areas sometimes show parallel（相似、类似）values.
然而，同一个词在不相关的领域中有时量值相似。
3. 第五行：be certain to do sth. 一定做某事
4. 第六行：signify to sb. 对某人意味着
be likely to do sth. 很有可能做某事
自考英语（一）讲义(21)|深圳自考辅导|自学考试学习资料
Unit 20
Text A You Can't Do It Because It Hurts Nobody
搭配：
1. Be aware that+从句意识到
2. Range from…to…范围从什么到什么
3. Vary in degree 程度不同
4. Be tolerant of 忍受
5. Care about 在意
6. Prevent sb. from sth./doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
7. When it comes to doing sth. 涉及到，谈到
8. A mass of 众多
9. End up with 以什么来结束
10. Keep an eye on sb. 留心，留意
语言点：
1. Custom 风俗、习惯；customs 海关
2. In case+句子，表示“假如，万一”
3. Much less than 这里less是little得比较级，less than是比什么少的意思，much放在比较级前用来强调。
4. In addition to breaking the law themselves，people tolerate various levels of crime.
5. It may be that，by seeing others do something，we accept it more easily. See sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事的全过程，或，see sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
6. Most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit.此句为形式宾语句，形式宾语句的顺序如下：主语+谓语+it+名词或形容词+动词不定式to+其他
7. We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading（动名词作主语）about it in the newspapers every day makes us tolerate crime more than we should.
8. Used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事
Be/get/become used to doing sth. 现在习惯于做某事
9. They may not mind cheating on taxes. Mind后面需要加动词的ing形式。
10. Acceptable 可以接受的
11. Have misconception about sth. 对什么有错误的观点
12. It is surprising+从句，之所以用surprising而不是surprised是由于它表示某事令某人惊讶；surprised更倾向于某人内心自我感到惊讶
13. 10% of Canadians have a criminal record. 语法题：百分比或分数，其后如果是可数名次复数，那么谓语动词用复数；其后如果是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
Text B Marriage in Iran and America： A Study in Contrasts
语言点：
1. Though marriage is practiced（人们都在做的事）in almost all countries of the world，the customs are qite different from one culture to another.（第一自然段第一句）：虽然结婚是世界上几乎所有的国家的人们都在做的事情，但结婚的习俗确随文化不同而大相径庭。
2. It（形式主语）is interesting for me to（动词不定式作真正主语）compare the customs of marriage in the United States with（compare sth./sb. with sth./sb.拿什么人或时进行比较）those in my country.（第一自然段第二行）
3. I've lived in the U.S. for four years now，but I'm still not comfortable with（对什么习惯）the customs here.我在美国已经生活了四年，但还是不习惯这里的风俗习惯。
4. In fact，what seems strange to me（主语从句中缺少主语指事用what）is that courting or dating is not always for the purpose of（为了什么的目的）finding a husband or wife.（第二自然段第二行）其实，我觉得奇怪的是，求爱或者约会的目的并非总是为了找丈夫或者妻子。
5. Do sth. as a hobby 把做什么当作习惯
6. 翻译题：They seem to have a lot of freedom to decide and do what they want.（第三自然段第二行）它们有很大的自由来决定和做自己想做的事。
7. Do sth. without the knowledge of sb. 做某事而不让某人知晓
8. In fact，I have known several friends who got married（结婚）without even telling（动名词作介词宾语）their parents or other family members.
9. Wedding ceremony 结婚典礼
10. A prepared speech 准备好的演讲
11. Be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
12. If they both say “yes，” and nobody attending（现在分词做后置定语）the wedding stands up to object（站起身反对），they are declared “man and wife.”（第四自然段倒数第四行）如果双方都说同意，并且出席婚礼的人当中也没人站起来反对，就宣布他们为夫妻
自考英语（一）讲义(20) |深圳自考辅导|自学考试学习资料
Unit 19
Text A Animals at Risk：Who Cares？
搭配：
1. Keep pace with 跟上步伐
2. Compete with 与谁竞争
3. Threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事构成威胁
4. Be claim to be 声称
5. Be concerned about 对什么感到很担心
6. Look after 照顾
7. Be armed with 装备
语言点：
1. An animal species becomes（虽然species是以s结尾，但此处该词跟在冠次an后，还是单数，所以谓语become用了单数）extinct when it fails to produce enough young in each generation to keep pace with the death rate.
2. Better-adapted 更能适应环境的
3. A number of examples can be given of the way in which（定于从句之所以用in which，是因为in the way表示以某种方式）natural environments are being rapidly changed.
4. Likelihood 可能性
5. Because表示因为是连词，后面应该接句子；because of 表示因为是介词短语，后加名词或代词。
6. Provided（that）+从句，表示如果
7. There is great pleasure in watching wildlife in natural or near-natural environments.
Text B The killer Smogs
1. Be filled with 充满
2. Be caused by 由什么引起的
3. Turn into 转变成
4. Combine sth./sb. with 把什么结合在一起
5. Be blown away 被吹走
6. Be due to sb./sth./doing sth. 因为
7. Breath in 呼进
语言点：
1. Fog（n.雾）-foggy（adj.雾的）
2. The first reported event 第一个被报道的事
3. Older people with lung or heart diseases were hit（受害最重/受打击最重）hardest.
4. Deadly 致命的
5. Bad的最高级worst
6. The polluted air 被污染的空气
7. Affect（v.影响）
自考英语（一）讲义(19)|深圳自考辅导|自学考试学习资料
Unit 18
Text A Why Are Maps Drawn with North at the Top？
搭配：
1. Little more than 仅仅是
2. Place sth. on a sound footing 把什么建立在可靠的基础上
3. Be known to sb./sth. 为某人或某事所知
4. Base on 建立在什么基础之上
5. Rather than 而不是
6. Attempt to 试图做某事
7. In the form of 以某种形式
8. Be unaware that+从句没有意识到
9. The reason for sth. 什么的原因
10. Interfere with 干涉
11. In accordance with 根据
12. With the spread of sth. 随着什么的扩展
13. Increasing reliance on sb./sth. 越来越依赖
语言点：
1. It was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound footing. 这是一个典型的强调句型，not until many centuries later是被强调的成分。
2. Flattened 平面的
3. Given（考虑到）the state of knowledge of those times，he got things wrong.
4. His estimate of China and the Atlantic Ocean was far from being accurate.（动名词作介词宾语，表示一点不准确）
5. Move（v.移动）-immovable（adj.固定不变的）；use（v.使用）-useless（adj.无用的）
6. Assume 假定
Text B You Have a Choice
1. Travel side by side 并列行驶
2. Be certain of 对什么很确定
3. Bring about 引起
4. Account for 解释
5. Lead to the same result 导致同一结果
6. Choose one over another 选择一个而不选择另一个
7. Deal with 处理；解决
语言点：
1. We are seated in one of the trains，and with us we have a special speedometer that measures their relative speed.
2. Furthermore，regardless of which explanation we choose，the end result will be the same.
3. Motion（n.行动）-motionless（静止的）
4. At the train station we cannot tell whether it was our train or not.
5. Only after the other train pulled out of the station could we see that it，and not our train，was moving.本句话为倒装句，由only+状语从句构成+助动词+主语+动词的适当形式+其他自考英语（一）讲义(18)|深圳自考辅导|自学考试学习资料
Unit 17
Text A Panic and Its Effects
搭配：
1. Be diagnosed as 被诊断为
2. Bear similarity to sb./sth. 与什么很相似
3. As to sb./sth 有关于某人或某事
4. At least 至少
5. Become isolated from 与什么相隔立
6. Advice to sb. 给某人的建议
7. Consult sb. for sth. 咨询某人某事
8. Rule out 排出
9. Seek help 寻求帮助
语言点：
1. One afternoon while she was preparing（从one afternoon 可以判断出是过去时；从连词while可以判断出是进行时态，所以为过去进行时）dinner in her kitchen，Anne Peters，a 32-year-old（有连字符时不能加复数）housewife，suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied（过去分词做后置定语，表被动，是伴随的意思）by shortness of breath.
2. Frightened（由于此处表示主语Anne自己的情感，所以使用frighten的过去分词frightened）by the thought that she was having a heart attack，Anne screamed for help.
3. Uneasy（心神不安的，不舒服的）-easy
4. They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations where（定语从句中缺少地点状语）people normally would not be afraid.
5. Many claim that psychological stress could be a logical cause，but as yet，no evidence has been found（完成时的被动语态）to support this theory.
6. It is reported that+从句据报道；it is generally agreed that+从句大家认为
7. Danger （n.危险）-endanger（v.使危险）
Text B Sleepwalking——Fact or Fancy？
自考英语二复习资料汇总总结
重点单词扩充讲解： 1. organizational: a 组织上的 由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者 请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空： 1). Last week, our school __organized_____ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _organizational_ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade _organization_________. 4). He is the ____organizer______ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示； 由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化 由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简
Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is simple_____ in operation but complex in structure. 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while __simplified__ edition is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, becau se it is __simply_____ a question of procedure. 4). The _simplification_____ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的； 由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。 7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论；argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不
自考英语二单词(整理版)
a great many 很多 abolish vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消 above all 首先，首要 abroad ad.到国外；在国外 abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 academic a.学院的，学会的；学术的 accessible a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的accompany vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏accomplish vt.完成(任务等) accountability n.有解释义务；负有责任achievement n.完成，达到；成就，成绩acknowledge vt.承认；表示感谢 acquire vt.获得，得到 acronym n.首字母缩略词 activate vt.使活动，使起作用 actor n.男演员 additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的 adjust vt.调整，调节；校准 adjustment n.调整 administration n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关advantageous a.有利的，有助的 adversely ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨 aged a.年老的，老的 Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名) alarm n.警报；惊恐 vt.向…报警；打扰 Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家) Alex la Guma 亚力克斯?拉顾玛(南非作家) Alfrde Hutchinson 阿尔弗雷德?哈奇逊(南非作家) Alfred Whitehead 阿尔福雷德?怀特里德 allege vt.断言，宣称 alter vt./vi.改变，改动 Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文?布朗斯坦(人名) amplifier n.放大器 amusement n.娱乐，消遣 anaesthetics n.麻醉学 analyze vt.分析 and the like 等等，诸如此类 Andre Brink 安德烈?布林克(南非作家) Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁?福格森(人名) antithesis n.对偶，(修辞学)对句；对立，对立面apartheid n.种族隔离，种族隔离法 appliance n.应用，适用；用具，器械 applicant n.申请人，请求者 appoint vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定appointment n.任命；约会 appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别；感激appreciation n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价；感激，感谢appropriate a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的approximate a.近似的，大约的 v.近似，接近；使接近aptly ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地 argue vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服 argument n.争论，辩论；论据，理由aristocracy n.贵族统治；贵族 aristocratic a.贵族的；贵族式的 Aristotle 亚里士多德 Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名) arthquake n.地震 as a rule 通常；一般说来 as for 对于，至于 as fresh as paint 精神饱满 assault n.攻击，袭击；(军)冲击，突击，强击assemble vt.集合；装配 vi.集合 assembly n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装assignment n.分配，委派；任务，(课外)作业assumption n.假定，设想；承担，采取 astronaut n.宇航员 astronomer n.天文学家 Aswan Dam 阿斯旺水坝 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 at a guess 凭猜测 at a stretch 连续不断地 at ease 自在的，舒适的 at present 现在；目前 at sea 在海上，在航海中；迷惑，茫然 attach vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱attacker n.攻击者 attain vt.达到；完成 attainment n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣attendant n.侍者，服务员；出席者
自考英语二词汇表-4500单词
1（in）ability to：（没）有…的能力 （in）capacity to：（没）有…的能力 a/an：art.一个 a great deal：大量，许多 a great many：很多 a variety of：种种；若干不同的 ability：n.能力，能耐 ability to do：做…的能力 able：a.有才能的，能够的 abolish：vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消 about：prep.关于 above：prep.在…之上 above all：首先，首要 abroad：ad.到国外；在国外 absent：a.缺席，不在 absolute：a.绝对的，完全的 absolutely：ad.完全地，绝对地；肯定地 abstract：a.抽象的n.摘要，梗概vt.提取；摘录要点 absurd a.荒谬的 absurdity：n.荒谬 abuse：vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 academic：a.学院的，学会的；学术的 accent：n.重音；口音 acceptable：a.可以接受的 access：n.通道，入口；接近（或进入）的机会 accessible：a.易接近的；易受影响的（to）；可理解的 accident：n.意外；偶然事故 accompany：vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随，一起发生；伴奏 accomplish：vt.完成（任务等） accomplishment：n.完成；成就；[pl.]造诣，技能 accordance：n.一致，和谐；符合 according：ad.（与to构成介词）按照，根据 accordingly：ad.相应地 according to：根据… account：n.叙述，说明；帐户vi.说明（原因等） accountability：n.有解释义务；负有责任 accumulate vt.积累，积聚 accuracy：n.准确（性），精确（性） accurate：a.准确的，精确的 accurately：ad.准确的，精确地 ache：vi/n.疼痛 achieve：vt.完成 achievement：n.完成，达到；成就，成绩 achive：vt.完成，实现，达到，得到 acid：n.酸，酸性物质 a.酸的 acknowledge：vt.承认；表示感谢 acquaintance：n.认识，了解；相识的人， 熟人 acquire：vt.获得，得到 acronym：n.首字母缩略词 across：ad.交叉，横过 act：n. 行为，举动 act as：（林市）担任，充当，起…作用 act on：遵照…行为，奉行；作用于，影 响 act out：将…表演出来，（用行动）表示 出来 action：n.行动；作用（on） activate：vt.使活动，使起作用 active：a.活动的；活跃的 activity：n.活动，活跃；行动 actor：n.男演员 actual：a.实际的；真实的 AD：（或A.D.）（=Anno Domini）[拉]公 adapt：vt.使适应，使适合；改编vi.适应 （to） adapt……to：使…适应… add：v.增加 add up to：总和是，[口]总起来意味着 addition：n.加，加法；附加物 additional：a.附加的，追加的；另外的 address：n.地址，住址 adequate：a.充足的，充分的；胜任的 adjective：n.形容词 adjust：vt.调整，调节；校准 adjustment：n.调整 administration：n.管理，经营；行政，行 政机关 admire：vt.钦佩，赞美，赞赏 admit：vt.承认，供认；准许…进入，准 许…加入 admission：承认，供认；准许进入，准 许加入 adolescent：n.青少年a.青春期的；青少 年的 adopt：vt.采取，采用；正式通过；收养 advance：vi.前进，取得进展n.前进，进 展；预付 advanced：a.高等的 advantage：n.优点，优越；好处 advantageous：a.有利的，有助的 adventure：n.冒险，奇遇 adversely：ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 advertise：vt./vi.为…做广告；登广告 advertisement：n.（简写为ad）广告 advice：n.劝告 advise：vt.忠告，劝告 affair：n.事情，事件 affect：vt.影响，打动） afflict：vt.使苦恼，折磨 afraid：a.害怕的 Africa：n.非洲 African：n.非洲的 after：prep.在…后 after all：毕竟；终究 afternoon：n.下午 afterward：ad.然后 again：ad.又 against：prep.反抗 age：n.年龄 aged：a.年老的，老的 agent：n.代理人，代理商；起作用的人或 物 aggression：n.侵犯，侵略 aggressive：a.侵略的，好斗的；有进取心 的 aggressiveness：n.侵犯，侵略；进取精神 ago：ad.以前d agree：vi.同意 agreement：n.同意 agricultural：a.农业的 2 ahead：在…前 ahead of：在…前 aid：vt.帮助 aim：n.目标 aim for：瞄准；以…为目标 air：n.空气 airplane：n.飞机 Alabama：阿拉巴马（美国州名） alarm：n.警报；惊恐vt.向…报警；打扰 alarming：a.惊人的，吓人的 文案大全
自考英语语法名词解释
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
自考本科英语二复习资料
自考“英语（二）”复习资料 第一单元 1.常考单词： goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity 2. 常考词组： in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down 3. 常考句子： 1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made. 4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like. 5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion. 6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals. 7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization. 8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department. 第二单元 1.常考单词： escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all 2. 常考句子： 1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape. 2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova. 4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. 第三单元 1.常考单词： weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 2. 常考词组： to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account 3. 常考句子： 1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. 第四单元 1.常考单词： demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite de serving shelf minimum status deport 2. 常考句子： 1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported. 第五单元 1.常考单词： Musician，rhythmic，distinct， consciousness，originate，readily， instrument，electronic，thereby， passive，participant 2. 常考词组： to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of 3. 常考句子： 1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence. 2）Folk music，old and modern， was popular among college students. 3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music. 4）With records at home， listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 第六单元 1.常考单词： efficiency increasingly inst all personnel expose reduc tion completion specific s witch critical intensity s cale defective 2. 常考词组： in that in question plenty of 3. 常考句子： 1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although
自考英语语法
本次语法串讲分三个部分，第一，方法篇；第二，命题特点分析；第三，重点章节复习。 第一、方法篇 自学考试英语专业《英语语法》科目是一门理论性和实践性都非常强的课程，旨在考核考生能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论和概念，掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则，以及组句成篇的一般形式和规律。 由于存在着英汉语言体系上的差异、教材的全英版和术语的生僻、语法本身乏味枯燥等外部因素，以及考生英语基础知识薄弱、精读和泛读的阅读数量尚未达到一定量因此不能将一些语法规则变成感性认识加以推演和归纳、甚至还有同学有畏难情绪，一旦跟不上就放弃，或者偷懒，不愿多做一些练习和多记一些概念解释，结果仅以一、二分之差没有及格，令人扼腕。 但是有志者事竟成，这句名言还没有过时。我们举几个成功的例子吧。 我教过的学生中有人刻意让自己爱上语法，首先，她克服困难，把全书通读一遍，可是有那么多不懂的单词和术语怎么办？她问我。我说，把它们暂时放在一边，然后通过例句猜测该词的含义，结果既记住了概念又结合了例句，相辅相成，直到掌握。 比如：什么是extraposition？这个词是由extra－（在……之外，额外）加position（位置），联想到appositive phrase（同位短语），appositive clause （同位语分句）等，那么从该词的外形上可以判定extraposition是“位置放在外围”。 它出现在我们教材中的《信息结构和强调》一章中，我们知道，突出强调信息的几种主要方法（postponement, fronting，inversion， cleaving，existential sentence）之一的后移又有三种后移的方法：passive voice, extraposition and discontinuity。从课本上我们看到这样的例句：To make fun of a disabled man is not funny at all. It is not funny at all to make fun of a disabled man. He found it annoying that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name. 你注意到这里有it出现在句中做形式主语和形式宾语，真正的主语和宾语在句末，然后，结合解释“When we re move a clausal subject or object to the final focal position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot. Grammatically speaking, it is the formal subject or object while the extraposed clause is the real or notional subject or object. In function, the extraposed item can be subject or object; in form it can be finite or non-finite. 后移的结果就是满足了末尾重心（end-weight）的原则，达到强调的效果。
自考英语二复习资料
? UNIT 1 ? 重点单词和短语 ? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define ? interview prospect ? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? apply for (to) ? have no idea bring about take the trouble to do ? put oneself in one’s place ? to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. ? 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去 分词；from among 为二重介词 ? 例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4) ? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) ? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making. ? 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表
自考树英语二4500个考纲单词表
a/an一(个)；任何一(个)；每一(个) abandon[??b?nd?n]vt.抛弃，放弃 ability[??b?l?ti]n.能力，能够 able[e?bl]有能力的，能干的 abnormal[?b'n?:m?l] a.不正常的；变态的 aboard[??b?:d]prep.上（船、飞机、车） abolish[?'b?li?]vt.废除(法律等) about[??ba?t]关于 above[?'b?v]在..之上 abroad[?'br??d]到国外；在国外 abrupt[??br?pt]突然的，意外的，粗鲁 absence[??bs?ns]不在，缺席 absent['?bs?nt] a.不在意的 absolute[??bs?lu:t]〈形〉绝对的〈名〉绝对事物absorb[?b?s?:b]vt.吸收 abstract['?bstr?kt] a.理论上的n.抽象 abundant[??b?nd?nt]adj.充裕的，丰富的 abuse[??bju:s]〈动〉虐待、滥用 academic[??k?'demik] a.学院的；学术的 academy[?'k?d?mi]n.私立中学；专科院校accelerate[?k?sel?re?t]v.加速，增速，进行，迫使accent[??ks?nt]口音，音调 accept[?k?sept]vt.接受 acceptable[?k?sept?bl] a.可接受的 access['?kses]n.接近；通道，入口 accessible[?k?ses?b(?)l]可到达的，可接受的，易相处的）accident[?ks?d?nt]事故，灾难 accidental[??ksi'dentl] a.偶然的；非本质的accommodation[?;k?m?'dei??n]n.招待设备；预定铺位accompany[??k?mp?ni]〈动〉伴随、伴奏 accomplish[??k?mpl??]〈动〉完成、实现 accordance[?'k?:d?ns]n.一致；和谐；授予 account[??ka?nt]〈名〉账户、账单〈动〉把……视为、 报账 accountant[??ka?nt(?)nt]会计，会计师 accumulate[?'kju:mjuleit]vt.积累vi.堆积 accuracy['?kjur?si]n.准确(性)；准确度 accurate['?kjur?t] a.准确的，正确无误的 accuse[?'kju:z]vt.指责；归咎于 accustomed[?'k?st?md] a.惯常的；习惯的
05年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校
2005年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Chose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the blank. 1. The task force is supposed_____. A. to be getting reinforced B. that to be getting reinforced C. to being got reinforced D. that been got reinforced 2. He muffled his voice to avoid_____. A. having been identified B. to be identified C. identified D. being identified 3._____, I would call him in advance. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 4. The company encourages _____ uniforms. A. to wear B. wears C. wearing D. have worn 5. What is _____ story you have ever heard? A. funnier B. a funniest C. the funnier D. the funniest 6. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer. A. according as B. according to C. if D. whether 7. The Tower of London, _____ so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. A. which B. there C. where D. from it 8. Pride and prejudice _____ never failed to characterize the aristocracy. A. had B. has C. have D. are 9. Not only the players and the coach but also the referee _____ responsible for the defeat. A. were B. was C. is D. are 10. How often _____ your car _____? I think it ought _____ twice a week at least. A. is … washed, to be washed B. is … washed, to wash C. is … washed, to have washed D. has … been washed, to be washed 11. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard out in the street. A. having been opened and closed B. opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to be opened and closed 12. I had hoped that Jennifer _____ a doctor, but she was not good at medicine. A. will become B. become C. would become D. becomes 13. Most people enjoy _____. A. to flatter B. to be flattered C. flattering D. being flattered 14. Congratulations on _____ to the university. A. having admitted B. being admitted C. admitting D. have admitted 15. As we went _____ in our investigation of the case, we had more evidence of a political conspiracy. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 16. _____ his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man. A. Although B. With all C. With D. Because of 17. He takes no interest in studies; _____, he plays tennis all day. A. in short B. instead C. anyhow D. still 18. The factory was burned down last night; _____ many workmen were thrown out of employment. A. for this sake B. on that account C. in that case D. unfortunately 19. The old _____ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell. A. is B. will be C. are to be D. are 20. There _____ a tall building, several tennis courts and lots of non-deciduous trees on the center of the area. A. is B. are C. stand D. appears 二、选择填空题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)