2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第三部分第五讲名词性从句学案(含解析)北师大版
第五讲名词性从句
从属连词that, whether与if引导的名词性从句
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2018·11月浙江高考)It is possible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
解析：that 分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
2．(2017·天津高考改编)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
解析：whether/if 句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认说我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故用whether或if引导宾语从句。
3．(2016·北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________ one can be entirely free from dust.
解析：that 句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个表语从句，且表语从句中句子结构完整，故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。
4．(2016·天津高考改编)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
解析：that 句意：经理提出了一个建议，我们应该有一个助手。工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，故填that。
5．(2016·江苏高考改编)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
解析：that 句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引导。
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.________________
解析：where→that或去掉where found后是一个宾语从句，不缺少句子成分且句意完整，所以不能用where，应该用that引导，that也可省略。
[谨记规则]
(一)that引导的名词性从句
that引导名词性从句时本身无意义，只起连接作用，也不在句中作任何成分。它引导的名词性从句结构和意义都完整，往往用于陈述事实。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不能省略。引导宾语从句时，在口语和非正式文体中，that可省略。但下列情况下，that不可省略：
1．that从句作介词的宾语；
I don't know exactly where he lives, except that it's somewhere out in the wilds.他具体住在哪里我不是很清楚，只知道是远离城市的边远地区。
2．that引导的从句位于句首时；
That the earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
3．宾语从句前有插入语时；
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。
4．动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略；
He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。
5．it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中that往往不可省略。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
(二)that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语的四大句式
1．It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal等)＋that从句
It isn't likely that I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
2．It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he didn't want to go.难怪他不想去。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, remembered, thought, considered, well-known, announced等)＋that从句It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。
[特别注意]在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required ...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
4．It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
(三)whether与if的用法
1．用whether或if均可的情况
(1)whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。
(2)it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。
It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
2．用whether而不用if的情况
(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首时；
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句时；
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless.
他问了我我们是否该给无家可归者钱的问题。
(3)引导介词的宾语从句时；
It depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
(4)引导词与or not连用时；
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
＝I don't know whether the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
(5)引导词后接to do时；
They don't know whether to go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
(6)有些动词如leave, put, discuss, decide等后的宾语从句；
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
我们讨论了我们是否应召开一个会议。
(7)避免用if引导产生歧义。
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
让我知道你是否来参加我们的宴会。
连接代词与连接副词引导的名词性从句
[全析考法]
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
解析：who 分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作对比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who。
2．(2018·北京高考改编)This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
解析：what 句意：这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语，且表示“……的东西”，故填what。
3．(2018·北京高考改编)Without his support, we wouldn't be________ we are now.
解析：where 句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。空处引导表语从句，表示的是具有抽象意义的地点，故用where引导。
4．(2018·天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
解析：whoever 句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。
5．(2018·江苏高考改编)By boat is the only way to get here, which is________we arrived.
解析：how 句意：坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的。how 引导表语从句，表示方式。
6．(2017·北京高考改编)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will
win a prize in the Kite Festival.
解析：whoever 句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖。根据句子结构和句意可知，主语从句中缺少表示人的主语，故填whoever。
7．(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing________she was heading.
解析：where 句意：简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，根据句意和句子结构可知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词，故填where。
8．(2017·江苏高考改编)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of________it used to charge.
解析：what 句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。此处考查宾语从句的引导词，在of后面what既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作charge的宾语。
9．(2016·北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
解析：Whatever 句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有帮助。根据句意和结构可知，whatever引导的是主语从句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语，表示事物，故用Whatever引导。
10．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析： how 分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句。空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词，故填how。
11．(2014·广东高考)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
解析：why 根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导宾语从句。
12．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.________________
解析：that→where 分析句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
[谨记规则]
引导词类别常见引导词作用
连接代词
what, which, who, whose, whom,
whatever, whichever, whoever,
whomever
有词义；在从句中担任成分，
作主语、表语、宾语或定语等连接副词
how, when, where, why, however,
whenever, wherever
有词义；在从句中担任成分，
作状语
What worries us most is who let out the secret.
最令我们担忧的是谁泄漏了秘密。
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.
去把你的大衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
我不知道怎么能到火车站。
That's why I want you to work there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。
语法填空解题“3步骤”
1．根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。
2．一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。
3．如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。
缺少成分
1．Make the most of your strengths, and you can be successful regardless of which type you fall into and_how_fast or slowly you walk.
2．It is what_is written on the signs inside the bus that has people talking.
3．They never get angry and are always kind to the students. That's why the children can always get on well with their robot teachers.
4．What surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on display in the British Museum.
5．Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are what you eat!
6．My friend Julia brought out all her dresses and told me to take_whichever_suited me best.
7．From them, the West learns what_is uniquely Chinese, for example, feng shui.
8．Whoever comes here to have the meeting will be treated to a wonderful dinner.
9．Wondering who it was, Terry, a newcomer to this city, went to the door and opened it impatiently.
不缺少成分
10．I wonder first of all what they want, and then wonder if/whether_they are so eager to accept advice themselves.
11．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
12．There is no doubt that it is of great help to their study and future life.
短文改错解题“3视角”
1．检查连接词是否误用：尤其注意容易混淆的that与what, that与which, which 与what, if与whether;
2．检查连接词是否漏掉或多余，以及使用连接代词时从句中是否存在多余的句子成分；
3．检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。
据第1条解题
1．I have the confidence what you can learn how to make Chinese knots.what →that
2．Above all, I wonder that it is convenient for you to inform me of the specific schedule in advance.that→whether/if
3．How I do every day is to listen to lectures, take notes and do my homework, which seems to be endless.How→What
4．I also feel grateful to my dad just because of which he has been doing for me ever since.which→what
5．Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front of me.that→what
据第2条解题
6．The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking
lot and had been taken away by the police.去掉it
7．To make matters worse, I had to share a double room with someone I did not know, despite the fact I had paid for a single room._fact后加that 8．As the College Entrance Examinations will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review that what they have learned.去掉that
据第3条解题
9．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.what→who
10．I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never finishes anything.that→why
最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习
高中英语语法定语从句总复习 郴州资兴三中李俊才 定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫 作定语从句。 一、关系带词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Who which 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose (=of whom) Whose (=of which) that 例１：This is the detective who came from London. 例２：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. ２．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。） (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分 概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。
英语名词性从句语法100题练习
英语名词性从句语法练习100题 1. I’m sorry I have no idea ___. a. what does this word mean b. what’s the meaning of this word c. what this word means d. what meaning of this 2. ___is known that she is a famous doctor. A. That b. This b. It d. She 3. The reason for his absence was ___his mother was ill. A. because b. that c. why d. what 4. I haven’t seen you for ages. Can you tell me ____ a. where have you gone b. where you have gone c. where have you been d. where you have been 5. ___we will have a good harvest this year is still unknown. A. If b. That c. Which 6. ____wasn’t quite clear. a. Why did she do it b. Why she did it c. What did she do d. What she did it 7. ___do you think is the top student in your class a. Whom b. Who c. Whose d. Which 8. ___might do harm to other people. a. That you have done b. What you have done c. What have you done d. Which have you done 9. ____gets hone first starts cooking. A. Anyone b. Whoever c. Who d. Those 10. Is this ___looking for a. what are you b. what you are c. that were you d. that you were ’ll give this book to ___likes to have it . a. whomever b. whichever c. whatever d. whoever idea ___we should finish the work ahead of time was accepted. A. that b. whether c. if d. which is all ____our teacher explained to us in class. a. what b. that c. which d. of want to know ___. a. where are the experimental plots b. where are the experimental plots. c. where the experimental plots are d. where the experimental plots are thing to do is _____everyone is doing here. a. the thing what b. which the thing c. which d. what 16. It doesn’t matter ___to day or tomorrow. a. whether you come b. how you come c. when you come d. why you come 17. After graduation she asked to be sent to ___. a. where she was mostly needed b. where she was most needed c. where was she needed d. where she needed 18. I don’t know if she ____tomorrow; if he ____, I’ll let you know. a. comes, will come b. will come, will come c. will come, comes d. comes, comes 19. ____happens, don’t be afraid. A. What b. Anything c. Wh ich d. Whatever 20. He didn’t pass the exam, ___hard he had tried. A. how b. whatever c. however d. wherever 21. She did live far from ___I am living. A. the place that b. the place which c. where d. the place 22. It worried her a bit ___her hair was turning grey . a. while b. if c. that d. for 23. ____he is a millionaire is known to all in the city. a. Since b. because c. That d. / 24. ___the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known to all . a. Whenever b. That c. If d. Whether 25. The reason why I burst into tears is ____I’m unwilling to part with my parents. a. that b. because c. which d. / 26. The problem lies _____I have no money. a. that b. in that c. in the fact d. in the fact that want to know _do to convince him. a. what can I B. how can I C. which I can d. what I can 28. __comes back fist is supposed to win the prize. a. whoever b. The one c. Those who d. Anyone 29. The old gentleman never fails to help ____is in need of his help.
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英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
(完整版)高考英语【名词性从句】
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之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。 （2）That从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。 3、表语从句（that不可省略） 4、同位语从句 连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。 二、whether/if从句 1、在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if 均可；discuss后引导宾语从句时，必须用whether。 2、在宾语从句中： （1）及物动词后：whether从句中不能有否定式，宾语从句为否定句时用if；if 不能与or not连用，但可以用whether or not；whether后可以加不定式。 （2）介词后：只能用whether,不用if。 三、特殊疑问词引导的从句 1、主语从句：特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。 2、宾语从句 （1）常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。 （2）作介词宾语。 3、同位语从句、表语从句
九年级英语语法 定语从句专题复习
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高考英语名词性从句考点归纳
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赖氏经典英语语法—名词性从句
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高考英语名词性从句知识点难题汇编及答案
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2016年必考英语语法——限定性定语从句 1.that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3.代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6.when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
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高考英语语法复习三:名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 (一引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词:when, where, why, how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。 3、连接词:that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略; if (whether, as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。 注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether 和if(是否,as if(好象在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if 和as if 都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义。 (二主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、that引导主语从句时,不能省略。 e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. (三表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。 e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 e.g. My idea is (that we can get more comrades to help in the work. (四宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 e.g. I hope (that everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether。 e.g. I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.. I'm interested in what you've said. 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。 ①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。 e.g. I wonder if it doesn't rain. ②用if 会引起误解,就要用whether。 e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解 ③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。 e.g. I don't know whether or not the report is true.
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