SCI论文写作常用英文经典表达句式总结.doc
S C I论文写作常用英文经典表达句式总结
2020年4月
SCI论文写作常用英文经典表达句式总结本文关键词：句式，英文，论文写作，表达，常用
SCI论文写作常用英文经典表达句式总结本文简介：SCI论文写作一直以来就是大多数学生遇到的难题，有时为了发表一篇SCI论文，那是绞尽脑汁，好的idea终于想到，可当自己用中国式的英语书写出来，再好的idea都变了味，好的论文idea,一定要配上地道的学术英语表达，这样才能创作一篇优秀的SCI论文，下面我们一起来看看SCI论文典型英文句式。Be
SCI论文写作常用英文经典表达句式总结本文内容：
SCI论文写作一直以来就是大多数学生遇到的难题，有时为了发表一篇SCI论文，那是绞尽脑汁，好的idea终于想到，可当自己用中国式的英语书写出来，再好的idea都变了味，好的论文idea,一定要配上地道的学术英语表达，这样才能创作一篇优秀的SCI论文，下面我们一起来看看SCI论文典型英文句式。Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts
5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction.
2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.
3. In the next section, a brief review of the …is given.
4. In the next section, a short review of …is given with special regard to …
5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.
6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.
3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx
4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often …can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window
6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the …
7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ……and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.
9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure
to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.
19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a …scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments…This Section 1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described. 2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section 2. The next section
describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements. 3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section. 4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.
5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.
6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx Summary 1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5. 2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation. 3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research. 4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper. 5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized 6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.
7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract 1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables. 2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy
mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures. 3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx. 4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations. 5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision. 6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.
7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by …
16. This paper includes an illustration of the …17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is
verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx 22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Chapter 1. Introduction Time 1. Over the course of the past 30 years, has emerged form intuitive 2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world 3. The advent of …systems for has had a significant impact on the 4. The development of …is explored 5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions 6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in …methodology in accordance with the advent of …8.
A major concern in …today is to continue to improve…9.
A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx 11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].
13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.
Objective / Goal / Purpose 1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows: 2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx. 3. The paper concerns the development of a xx 4. The scope of this research lies in 5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making. 6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit …7. The objectives of the …operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a …system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of …can be completed15. In this trial, the objective is to generate…16. for the sake of concentrating on …research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the
xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23.
A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of 32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.
33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and
/or probabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36. Applied …techniques to37. Characterized the …system as38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called …which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce 41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the…has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/Presented/State
that/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on …was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of…53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development 54. []'s model focuses on…55. Little research has been conducted in applying …to56. The published
information that is relevant to this research…57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of …can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established 61. The …studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking. Problem / Issue / Question 1. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects. 2. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems 3. …is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved 4. Two major problems have yet to be addressed 5. An unanswered question 6. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.7. An additional research issue to be tackled is …8. Some important issues in developing a …system are discussed9. The three prime issues can be summarized:10. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the …11. There have been many attempts to 12. It is expected to be serious barrier to13. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex附件下载：
SCI科技论文写作常用句型大全
S C I科技论文写作常用 句型大全 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
一．好的论文题目是成功的一半 好的论文，每一个部分都需要精雕细琢。我们先来看看Science, Nature 子刊上用的都是些什么题目，到底这些题目暗含哪些玄机以下是从2016年发表的论文中随机挑选的一些题目，我将其做了一下简单的分类： 1. Water splitting–biosynthetic system with CO2reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis. (Science, 2016, 352, 1210) 类似: Scalable water splitting on particulate photocatalyst sheets with a solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency exceeding1%(Nature Materials 2016,15,611-615) 这种题目适合哪类文章适合于那种性能极其显着的文章（可以创纪录的文章），比如说Nocera et al. 的Science, 2016, 352, 1210，直接与光合作用进行对比，给人的震撼是非常强的。这种对比效果能够一下子抓住人们的眼球，吸引着读者进行阅读。 要点：使用这样的题目首先你的实验结果得够牛，你对于实验结果要足够自信，对于背景知识的了解得要足够深。因为取这样的题目意味着你要真正达到了某一个高度。如果明明有很多大海在那里，你个小池塘和小水坑进行比较，那么会闹笑话的。。。
英文科技论文写作常用句式
在这篇文章中，我们说明（介绍）了一种……方法 In this work ,we address the problem of +doing sth In this paper , we propose the ... 在这一章节，我们介绍…… In this section , we present ... We demonstrate out algorithm on two tasks : A被认为是B A can be regarded as B 为了这个目的，我们提出了A To this end ,we propose A. 在样本的……和……上都很有效 make effective use of both ...and ...among samples. 当应用到……中的时候When applied to... 通过将……和……结合起来，…… By combining ...and ... , .... A是B中的一个基本问题之一A is one of the fundamental problems in B 目的在于…… Its goal is to do ... We aim at doing... Our target is ... Our basic notion is to do... 为了达到……的目的To achieve ... To achieve this , 因为……，做什么是困难的 As .... , it is very difficult to do .... As..., ir is usually hard to ... Due to ... e.g.:As the variance of object shape and color within an object class can be large,it is very difficult to obtain class-specific features that can describe the object class accurately. 就这点而言，…… In this regard, ... 一方面来说，……，另一方面来说，……On the one hand , ... , on the other hand , ... 1
高考英语get it 65个写作常用句型
2019年高考英语get it 65个写作常用句型 一、议论文常用句型 1. It is a fact that….…..是一个事实 2. It is well-known that….众所周知…… 3.There is no doubt that….毫无疑问…… 4. I think that….我认为...... 5. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer….与流行的想法相反，我更喜欢...... 6. Some people say/believe/claim that….有人说/相信/声称...... 7. It is generally believed that….人们普遍认为...... 8. It is widely accepted that….这是被广泛接受的 9. It is argued/held that….有人认为/认为...... 10. While it is commonly believed that…, I believe….虽然人们普遍认为……，我相信...... 11. It can be concluded that….可以得出结论 12. People’s views vary from person to person.......人们的观点因人而异 二、图表型常用句型 1.The table/diagram/bar chart/pie graph/tree diagram/curve graph/column chart shows/illustrates/reveals/describes/depicts/reflects that/how….表显示/ 反映/如何
Summary的写作技巧和常见句型
S u m m a r y 的写作技巧和常见句型 、概括原文 一）阅读 1. 读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2. 拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。尽量简短，精 炼。 段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3. 概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 二）基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题给summary 起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2. 阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是接着写出要阐述的main ideas （主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的the author .. ）。
支持）。 3. 词汇运用 注意概述的cohere nee （连贯性），运用好tran siti on words （过渡 词） , like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4. 删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5. 选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5 个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6. 把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：“ He was in finan cial difficulties. His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion- like. ” 可以概括为：” He was very brave in battle. He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为：“ He was in finan cial difficulties. 6）你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago. ” 可以概括为：” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays,
科技论文写作心得体会
科技论文写作心得体会 科技论文它是科学技术人员在科学实验（或试验）的基础上，对自然科学或工程技术领域里的现象（或问题）进行科学分析、综合和阐述，从而揭示现象（或问题）的本质与规律的科技论文。按照写作目的不同，科技论文可分学术论文和学位论文两类，学术论文是为了在学术会议或学术刊物上发表；学位论文是为了申请相应学位，以表达作者的研究成果，体现作者的科研能力。撰写一篇好的科技论文，在写科技论文之前我们应该做好前期准备工作。 科技论文写作包括论文的前期准备工作和论文的撰写。读者在研读一篇文献时首先关注的是文献的摘要，因此摘要在论文写作中占了很重要的作用，很多学者在任何撰写论文摘要方面作了很多工作【1,2】。一篇论文的引言起着引导读者阅读和理解全文的作用，如何撰写引言也是科技论文的重要组成部分【3】。 科技论文写作的前期准备工作一般包括以下步骤：调研,选题,查资料,制定研究方案,论证,开始实施。 首先对拟开展研究的领域进行全面的调查：了解目前国内外的研究现状；已经解决了哪些问题，还有哪些问题没有解决；我们可以解决哪些问题，有无价值，等等。 然后在调研的基础上正确选题，选题时我们要考虑如下原则：要注重创新性，社会效益，前沿性，可操作性，要尽可能选择自己熟悉或者感兴趣的题目，要避免与他人重复，同时要考虑自己的人力、财力和物力。 确定选题后，要进一步查阅资料，分析实验或者理论方法，学习相关知识，借鉴别人的思想和方法，形成自己的思想方法并列出具有可操作性的详细研究计划。查找资料时已知作者、杂志名称、卷（年份）、页码，可以从杂志中查找想查阅的文章。也可从杂志作者索引或者主题中查找，通常学术杂志在每一期都按主题和作者列出目录；在年终一期按主题或者作者列出总的目录，可以从中查找相关文献。 科技论文是我们的科学技术研究成果的书面表达形式。其结构包括:1论文标题，2作者及其单位，3内容摘要，4关键词或分类代码，5正文(a引言,b实验描述或者理论描述,c结果与讨论,d结论),6 参考文献. 标题应该尽可能具体一些，题目的大小要根据论文的内容而定，覆盖主要内
英语学术论文写作常用句型
英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
牛人整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语
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